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LR君 LearnAndRecord 2022-07-26

昨晚世界杯开始了,揭幕战「俄罗斯」对阵「沙特阿拉伯」,最终俄罗斯5:0大胜对手。


普京总统表示,这球进的,我也是没办法啊


其实比赛前网上就流传着这么一个段子,没想到还真的“应验”了:


今天是斋月最后一天,沙特阿拉伯晚上7点才能吃饭,意思就是开始比赛了他们都还没吃饭。不管让几球,都买俄罗斯吧。


当然,我们今天不是来看球的,而是与大家一起学几个词。


首先,「斋月」怎么说?

Ramadan [.ræmə'dɑːn] the ninth month in the Islamic year, during which Muslims take no food or drink during the day from the time the light from the sun appears in the morning until the sun can no longer be seen in the evening 斋月(伊斯兰历的第九个月,教徒白天禁饮食)


据百度百科,在斋月里,每天太阳刚升起至日落期间,除了患病者、旅行者、乳婴、孕妇、产妇以及作战的士兵等除外,成年的穆斯林必须严格把斋,不吃不喝,不吸烟、不行房事等。直到太阳西沉,人们才进餐。


而今年的斋月时间刚好是2018年5月16日至2018年6月15日,也就是今天才结束。


此外,「斋月」还有另一个通俗的说法「The month of fast」,看到 fast 这个词就很好奇了。


原来「fast」除了最最通俗的「快的;迅速的;敏捷的」的含义,作为名词,它有「禁食期;斋戒期」(a period of time when you eat no food)的含义,「The month of fast」即为「斋戒之月,斋月」


作为动词,则表示「禁食;斋戒」(to eat no food for a period of time)

例如,One day a week he fasts for health reasons. 他出于健康考虑每周禁食一天。


这里顺便看看「经济学人」(The Economist)是在去年的一篇文章中是如何介绍「斋月」的,同样也是用了「The (holy) month of fasting」


The holy month of fasting—when devout Muslims abstain from food, drink and sex in daylight hours—was a physical trial for the first Muslims living in the sweltering Arabian peninsula 1,400 years ago. Since then, Islam has gone global.



再回到文章开头说的,沙特队在揭幕战中,惨败东道主俄罗斯真的是因为球员都不能吃饭吗?


英国媒体《卫报》(The Guardian)在昨天的一篇题为「How seven World Cup squads have prepared during Ramadan」的报道中,介绍了此次参加俄罗斯世界杯,包括沙特阿拉伯在内的七支队伍,对于「斋月」都做了哪些准备以及如何应对。



Fasting during daylight hours is obligatory during the Muslim festival, and the seven teams in Russia from largely Islamic nations have found various ways of tackling the issue.


标题中的「squad」通常用来表示「运动队」(a team in sports from which the players for a match are chosen) 例如,Eight of their 24-man squad are injured. 队里24人中有8人受伤。


这里的「obligatory」意思是(根据规定、法律等)必须履行的,强制性的,有义务的 (If something is obligatory, you must do it because of a rule or law, etc.) 例如,The medical examination before you start work is obligatory. 工作前必须先体检。



对于沙特阿拉伯(Saudi Arabia),报道中介绍:



Russia's opponents in the opening fixture, Saudi Arabia will play their first match during Ramadan. Moreover, their base in St Petersburg is currently experiencing 18 hours of daylight. Faced with such strictures, the majority of the Saudi camp have opted to defer their fast till after the tournament. Citing travel as a cause for postponement is a common dispensation during Ramadan. It was given the rubber stamp by Saudi authorities who issued abstention permits to players who required them.


沙特队大多数队员都选择(opt to)将斋月推迟,这也就意味着,他们在比赛当天也是可以正常饮食的。事实上,出门在外或是处于旅行中的教徒们,都可以将斋月推迟,这是符合教义的。


这里的「stricture」指的是斋月这样的「限制;约束;束缚」(a severe moral or physical limit),例如宗教上的束缚 religious strictures财政上的限制 financial strictures


「defer」的含义和「postpone」类似,表示「使延期,使延缓,推迟」(to delay something until a later time) 例如,My bank has agreed to defer the repayments on my loan. 银行同意让我延缓偿还贷款。


对于「揭幕战」,《卫报》用了「opening fixture」来表达,


「fixture」指的是(定时举办的)体育活动,体育赛事 (a day and usually a time agreed for a sports event) 例如,Next season's fixtures will be published early next month. 下赛季的赛事日程将在下月初公布。


「揭幕战」也可以直接用「opening game」或者「opening match」。这里的 opening 就有「开始的」含义,常见的说法如「开幕式」opening ceremony「开场白/开幕辞」opening remarks;相对的有「闭幕式」closing ceremony「闭幕辞」closing remarks


此外,「curtain raiser」也表达了类似含义,表示(正剧演出前的)「开幕戏,开场短片」(a short play sometimes performed before the main play);另一个含义指(大事发生前的)「前奏,引子」(a small event that happens before a bigger one and is a preparation for it)


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