对暴力说不！你不可不知的「制止暴力侵害妇女行为国际日」

1999年12月17日，联合国大会将每年的11月25日确定为「International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women」，联合国官网中文译名为「制止暴力侵害妇女行为国际日」；另外，还看到有其它几种译名如「消除对妇女的暴力(行为)国际日」、「国际消除对妇女的暴力日」，也被称作「国际消除家庭暴力日」/「国际反家庭暴力日」等。

联合国副秘书长兼联合国妇女署执行主任菲姆齐莱·姆兰博·努卡关于制止暴力侵害妇女行为国际日的致辞

Alarming Figure

触目惊心的数字

• 1 in 3 women and girls experience physical or sexual violence in their lifetime, most frequently by an intimate partner

  每三名妇女和女童中，就有一名曾遭受过身体或性暴力，而大部分施暴者是受害者的亲密伴侣

• Only 52% of women married or in a union freely make their own decisions about sexual relations, contraceptive use and health care

  仅有52%的已婚或恋爱妇女在性关系、使用避孕药具和保健服务方面能自主做决定

• Worldwide, almost 750 million women and girls alive today were married before their 18th birthday; while 200 million women and girls have undergone female genital mutilation (FGM)

  目前，全世界有近7.5亿妇女和女童在18岁生日前就已经结婚；有2亿妇女和女童被切割女性生殖器

• 1 in 2 women killed worldwide were killed by their partners or family in 2012; while only 1 out of 20 men were killed under similar circumstances

  2012年，在全球被杀害的妇女中，有一半是被她们的伴侣或家人所害；而男性仅有5%被伴侣或家人杀害

• 71% of all human trafficking victims worldwide are women and girls, and 3 out of 4 of these women and girls are sexually exploited

  全球71%的人口贩运受害者是妇女和女童，其中四分之三的妇女和女童遭受了性剥削

• Violence against women is as serious a cause of death and incapacity among women of reproductive age as cancer, and a greater cause of ill health than traffic accidents and malaria combined.

  暴力侵害妇女行为是导致育龄妇女死亡和丧失能力的重要原因，程度堪比癌症，而对健康状况的不利影响比交通事故和疟疾加起来还更大

traffic的名词意思“交通”大家都知道，但作动词的含义可能有些同学就比较陌生了，表示“贩卖（人口）；（非法）交易、买卖”，英文解释为“Someone who traffics in something such as drugs or stolen goods buys and sells them even though it is illegal to do so.”，并且它的现在分词过去式都不是直接加ing/ed，而是：+king/ked

现在分词：trafficking；过去式：trafficked；过去分词：trafficked

举个🌰：

Lewis was found guilty of trafficking in drugs.

刘易斯被判贩卖毒品罪名成立。

human trafficking 贩卖人口

制止暴力侵害妇女行为国际日

International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women

Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is one of the most widespread, persistent and devastating human rights violations in our world today remains largely unreported due to the impunity, silence, stigma and shame surrounding it.

暴力侵害妇女和女童行为是当今世界上最普遍、最持久和最具破坏性的侵犯人权行为之一。暴力侵害妇女和女童行为是当今世界上最普遍、最持久和最具破坏性的侵犯人权行为之一。然而，在有罪不罚、沉默、污名化和羞耻等因素的笼罩下，大多数此类暴力行为仍未得到报告。

表示“不受惩罚”，英文解释为“If you say that someone does something with impunity, you disapprove of the fact that they are not punished for doing something bad.”，举个🌰：

These gangs operate with apparent impunity.

这些犯罪团伙明火执仗，却没有受到惩罚。

表示“耻辱，羞辱，见不得人的感觉”，英文解释为“a strong feeling in society that being in a particular situation or having a particular illness is something to be ashamed of”，举个🌰：

There is a social stigma attached to single parenthood.

单身父母在社会上的名声不光彩。

The stigma of alcoholism 酗酒的恶名

In general terms, it manifests itself in physical, sexual and psychological forms, encompassing:

此类行为通常以身体、性和心理暴力的方式表现出来，包括：

• intimate partner violence (battering, psychological abuse, marital rape, femicide);

  亲密伴侣暴力（殴打、心理虐待、婚内强奸、杀害女性）；

• sexual violence and harassment (rape, forced sexual acts, unwanted sexual advances, child sexual abuse, forced marriage, street harassment, stalking, cyber- harassment);

  暴力和性骚扰（强奸、强迫性行为、不受欢迎的性挑逗、儿童性虐待、强迫婚姻、街头骚扰、跟踪、网络骚扰）；

• human trafficking (slavery, sexual exploitation);

  人口贩运（奴役、性剥削）；

• female genital mutilation; and

  切割女性生殖器；以及

• child marriage.

  童婚。

To further clarify, the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women issued by the UN General Assembly in 1993, defines violence against women as “any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.”

1993年，大会通过《消除对妇女的暴力行为宣言》，将暴力侵害妇女行为进一步明确定义为：“对妇女造成或可能造成身心方面或性方面的伤害或痛苦的任何基于性别的暴力行为，包括威胁进行这类行为、强迫或任意剥夺自由，而不论其发生在公共生活还是私人生活中。”

/kəʊ'ɜːʃ ə n/

表示“强迫；胁迫，逼迫”，英文解释为“the use of threats or orders to make someone do something they do not want to do”，举个🌰：

The defendant explained that he had been acting under coercion.

被告辩解说他是受到胁迫才那么做的。

The adverse psychological, sexual and reproductive health consequences of VAWG affect women at all stages of their life. For example, early-set educational disadvantages not only represent the primary obstacle to universal schooling and the right to education for girls; down the line they are also to blame for restricting access to higher education and even translate into limited opportunities for women in the labour market.

暴力侵害妇女和女童行为将对女性造成终身的心理、性和生殖健康的不利影响。例如，早期的教育劣势不仅是女童接受普及教育和行使受教育权的主要障碍，之后还将限制其接受更高等的教育，甚至限制妇女在劳动力市场的就业机会。

表示“将来”，实际上就是in the future，举个🌰：

Cars that drive themselves are in development now, but a marketable product is a long way down the line.

无人汽车正在开发中，但要拿出有销路的产品还有很长的路要走。

translate比较熟悉的意思是“翻译”，此处表示“导致，造成，转变”，英文解释为“if one thing translates into another, the second thing happens as a result of the first”，举个🌰：

A small increase in local spending will translate into a big rise in property tax.

地方支出略微增加就会导致财产税的大幅提高。

也可以表示“意同，相当于”，英文解释为“to mean the same as something else”，举个🌰：

These rates translate into a return of 8.5% for dollar investors.

这些汇率对美元投资者来说相当于8.5%的回报。

While gender-based violence can happen to anyone, anywhere, some women and girls are particularly vulnerable - for instance, young girls and older women, women who identify as lesbian, bisexual, transgender or intersex, migrants and refugees, indigenous women and ethnic minorities, or women and girls living with HIV and disabilities, and those living through humanitarian crises.

尽管任何人在任何地点都可能遭受性别暴力，但是某些妇女和女童尤其容易受到伤害，例如：年轻女孩和年老妇女；女同性恋、双性恋、变性者和跨性别者；移民和难民；土著妇女和少数民族；感染艾滋病毒和残疾妇女和女童；以及生活在人道主义危机中的妇女和女童。

Violence against women continues to be an obstacle to achieving equality, development, peace as well as to the fulfillment of women and girls' human rights. All in all, the promise of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) - to leave no one behind - cannot be fulfilled without putting an end to violence against women and girls.

暴力侵害妇女行为始终是实现平等、发展与和平的障碍，也是保障妇女和女童人权的障碍。总之，只要暴力侵害妇女和女童的行为不消除，可持续发展目标“不让任何一个人掉队”的承诺就无法实现。

Global Action: Orange the World

全球行动：橙色点亮世界

The 25th of every month has been designated as Orange Day by the UN Women campaign Say No, UNiTE launched in 2009 to mobilize civil society, activists, governments and the UN system in order amplify the impact of the UN Secretary-General's campaign, UNiTE to End Violence against Women. Participants the world over are encouraged to wear a touch of orange in solidarity with the cause - the colour symbolizes a brighter future and a world free from violence against women and girls.

妇女署发起“对暴力说不——团结起来”运动，将每个月的25日定为“橙色日”。该运动于2009年启动，旨在调动民间团体、活动家、各国政府以及联合国系统共同参与，从而扩大联合国秘书长发起的“联合国制止暴力侵害妇女行为联合运动”的影响。在“橙色日”这天鼓励世界各地的参与者身着橙色衣饰，共同支持这项运动。橙色象征着更光明的未来和一个没有暴力侵害妇女和女童行为的世界。

The 2018 theme is Orange the World: #HearMeToo and like previous editions, the date marks the launch of 16 days of activism that will conclude on 10 December 2018, International Human Rights Day.

2018年“对暴力说不——团结起来”运动的主题是橙色世界：#倾听我也是#（#HearMeToo）。与以往一样，11月的“橙色日”将启动“打击暴力侵害妇女行为16日运动”，运动将持续至2018年12月10日国际人权日。

A host of public events are being coordinated, among which iconic buildings and landmarks will be ‘oranged’ to recall the need for a violence-free future.

“橙色日”的一系列公众活动正在协调中。届时，为数众多的标志性建筑物及地标建筑将被橙色点亮，强调实现没有暴力的未来的必要性。

- END -