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OSIRIS-REx

LR君 LearnAndRecord 2022-07-27

上上周,《经济学人》在Science and Technology版块中,对无人探测器洞察号(InSight)在火星成功着陆进行了简短介绍。


网友表示,用不了多久,火星上就有...了


本周最新一期的《经济学人》中,最短的一篇文章同样出自Science and Technology版块,介绍的是另一航天探测器OSIRIS-Rex。


背景

2018年12月4日,美国国家航空航天局(NASA)宣布,航天探测器OSIRIS-REx终于结束长达27个月的旅程,抵达小行星“贝努”(Bennu)。



什么是OSIRIS-REx?

Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer的缩写OSIRIS-REx(太阳系起源、光谱解析、资源识别、安全保障、小行星风化层探索者),是一项由美国国家航空航天局(NASA)进行中的小行星研究和采样返回任务(Sample-return mission)


该探测器于2016年9月8日发射,历时27个月,于2018年12月3日抵达小行星“贝努”(Bennu)。


How and Why Is NASA's OSIRIS-REx Mission Visiting Asteroid Bennu


全文如下:

○ 第一句:太空探测器造访新的小行星!

Another stamp has just been added to the album of objects in the solar system visited by space probes.


probe


在上次的文章中就出现过“America's latest probe to Mars 美国最新的火星探测器”,此处作为回顾。


probe作名词有“探索;探查;查究;调查”的意思,英文解释为“an attempt to discover information by asking a lot of questions”,如:an FBI probe into corruption 联邦调查局对腐败的调查;也可以指“(医生或科学家用的)探针”,英文解释为“a long thin metal instrument that doctors and scientists use to examine parts of the body”。


此处的probe可以解释为“探测器”,英文解释为:a device that is put inside something to test or record information. 如本文的space probes 航天探测器/太空探测器。


the solar system


表示“太阳系”,英文解释为“The solar system is the sun and all the planets that go around it.”举个🌰:

Saturn is the second biggest planet in the solar system.

土星是太阳系的第二大的行星。


补充:

planet表示“行星”(A planet is a large, round object in space that moves around a star. The Earth is a planet.)

八大行星:

金星 Venus /ˈviːnəs/

木星 Jupiter

水星 Mercury  /ˈmɜːkjʊrɪ/

火星 Mars

土星 Saturn /ˈsætɜːn/

地球 Earth

天王星 Uranus /jʊˈreɪnəs, ˈjʊrənəs/

海王星 Neptune /ˈnɛptjuːn/



○ 第二、三句:介绍什么小行星Bennu及选择它的依据。

Bennu, pictured, is an asteroid that orbits the sun at approximately the same distance as Earth. This proximity, plus spectral analysis of its chemical composition (carbon-rich), radar analysis of its surface (smooth) and telescopic analysis of its spin rate (slow), made it the target of choice for a sample-return mission.


asteroid

/ˈæstəˌrɔɪd/

asteroid表示“小行星”,英文解释为:one of the many small planet s that move around the Sun, especially between Mars and Jupiter.


区分:

asterisk表示“星号*”,英文解释为:a mark like a star (*), used especially to show something interesting or important.


spectral


表示“光谱的;由光谱做的”,英文解释为“relating to or made by a spectrum”,如:spectral analysis光谱分析。


telescopic


表示“(镜头、仪器)望远镜的”,英文解释为“Telescopic lenses and instruments are used to make things seem larger and nearer, and are usually longer than others of the same type.”如:a rifle with a telescopic sight 带望远镜瞄准具的步枪;


也可以指“可伸缩的;套叠式的”,英文解释为“made of parts that slide over each other so that the whole thing can be made longer or shorter”,如:a tripod with telescopic legs 支架可以伸缩的三脚架,a lightweight telescopic ladder 伸缩式轻型梯子。


spin


spin rate 自旋速率

此处spin作名词表示“快速旋转”,英文解释为:an act of turning around quickly. 如:the Earth’s spin 地球的自转.


sample-return mission


字面意思就是“采样返回任务”,Wikipedia解释为:A sample-return mission is a spacecraft mission with the goal of collecting and returning tangible samples from an extraterrestrial location to Earth for analysis.



为什么选Bennu这个小行星?其实文中这句话已经介绍了科学家的考虑:

This proximity, plus spectral analysis of its chemical composition (carbon-rich), radar analysis of its surface (smooth) and telescopic analysis of its spin rate (slow), made it the target of choice for a sample-return mission.

感兴趣的同学还可以看视频介绍:

○ 第四、五、六句:介绍探测器OSIRIS-REx及后续计划。

That mission, OSIRIS-Rex, arrived on December 3rd. After an extensive inspection from an altitude of a few kilometres, OSIRIS-Rex will, in July 2020, swoop down and grab about 60 grams of material from the surface. It will leave Bennu in March 2021 and deliver the sample to Earth, in a special landing capsule, in September 2023.


背景


据了解,目前航天器OSIRIS-REx在距贝努20公里的位置工作。NASA计划于2020年,让OSIRIS-REx和贝努“亲密接触”,采集至少60克的小行星样本后于2021年启程返回。


swoop down


表示“(鸟或飞机)向下猛冲,向下猛扑”,英文解释为“if a bird or aircraft swoops, it moves suddenly down through the air, especially in order to attack something”,举个🌰:

A helicopter suddenly swooped down.

一架直升机突然俯冲下来。


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