本系列笔记由「才思汇·啃报告小分队」出品，特别感谢小伙伴@wll 和 @范仕成 的整理。

一是创新和完善宏观调控，经济保持平稳运行。

First, we developed new ways to improve macro regulation and ensured a generally stable economic performance.

注：

完善宏观调控

improve macro regulation

· macro可以作形容词表示“巨大的，大量的”（very large in scale or scope or capability）

All these theories are called macro theory of FDI.

这些理论称为直接投资的宏观理论。

也可以作名词表示“宏指令（计算机术语）”（a single computer instruction that results in a series of instructions in machine language）。

· ensure表示“保证；确保；担保”（to make sure that sth happens or is definite）

 此处译为“保持”。

The book ensured his success.

这本书使他笃定会成功。

面对新情况新变化，我们坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，

Facing new circumstances and developments, we were firm in choosing not to adopt a deluge of strong stimulus policies,

注:

坚持不搞

be firm in choosing not to adopt

· adopt表示“采取；采纳”（choose and follow; as of theories, ideas, policies, strategies or plans）

The group is working to promote the adoption of broadband wireless access over long distances. 

该集团正在致力于推广远距离宽带无线访问的采用。

“大水漫灌”式强刺激

a deluge of strong stimulus policies 

· deluge表示：①洪水；暴雨期（a large flood, or period when there is a lot of rain formal）

②纷至沓来的事物（如信件、问题等）（ large amount of something such as letters or questions that someone gets at the same time）

Viewers sent a deluge of complaints about the show.

观众对这个节目的投诉如潮水般涌来。

· stimulus表示“刺激（物）；促进因素”（something that helps a process to develop more quickly or more strongly）

Tax cuts provided the stimulus which the slow economy needed.

减税为不景气的经济带来了其所需的刺激。

保持宏观政策连续性稳定性，

and we maintained the continuity and consistency of macro policies.

注：

... 连续性稳定性

the continuity and consistency of  

在区间调控基础上加强定向、相机调控，主动预调、微调。

As we conducted regulation to keep main economic indicators within an appropriate range, we also improved targeted and well-timed regulation, and carried out anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning.

注：

区间调控

conduct regulation to keep main economic indicators within an appropriate range

· conduct表示“管理；引导”(direct the course of; manage or control)

You cannot conduct business like this.

你不能这样管理生意。

加强定向、相机调控，

improve targeted and well-timed regulation

targeted and well-timed：针对性和正合时宜的

“相机调控”强调政府要根据市场情况和各项调节措施的特点，灵活机动地决定和选择当前究竟应采取哪一种或哪几种政策措施。所以说相机调控很重要的就是要“预调、微调”。

主动预调、微调

carry out anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning

· anticipatory表示“预期的”（expected）

Anticipatory anxiety is often worse than the actual experience you will face.

预期的紧张往往比你将面对的实际感受糟糕。

· fine-tuning表示“微调；细调”（adjust finely）

She said my understanding of Darwinism needed some fine-tuning.

她说我对进化论的理解需要一些微调。

坚持实施积极的财政政策，着力减税降费、补短板调结构。

We continued to pursue a proactive fiscal policy, focusing on cutting taxes and fees, strengthening areas of weakness, and promoting structural adjustment.

注：

实施积极的财政政策

pursue a proactive fiscalpolicy

· proactive表示“积极主动的”(making things happen or change rather than reacting to events）

a proactive approach to staffing requirements

对人事需求的积极处理方法

减税降费

cutting taxes and fees

补短板调结构

strengthening areas of weakness, and promoting structural adjustment.

下调增值税税率，扩大享受税收优惠小微企业范围，出台鼓励研发创新等税收政策。

We reduced VAT rates and expanded the coverage of tax relief for small businesses with low profits, and introduced preferential tax policies to encourage R&D and innovation.

注：

下调增值税税率

reduced VAT rates

税收优惠

tax relief

· preferential表示“优先的，优待的，优惠的”（preferential treatment, rates etc are deliberately different in order to give an advantage to particular people）

preferential credit terms for reliable borrowers

向可靠借款人提供的优惠信贷条件

R&D: research and development 研发

全年为企业和个人减税降费约1.3万亿元。

Over the year, the tax and fee burden on enterprises and individuals was thus reduced by around 1.3 trillion yuan.

注：

· burden表示“负担；责任，重担”（something difficult or worrying that you are responsible for）

The burden of taxation has reduced considerably.

税务负担大大减轻了。

优化财政支出结构，盘活财政存量资金，重点领域支出得到保障。

We improved the composition of budgetary spending, put idle budgetary funds to use, and ensured spending in key areas.

注：

财政支出结构

the composition of budgetary spending

· composition表示“组成，构成”（the way in which something is made up of different parts, things, or members）

Some minerals have complex chemical compositions.

有些矿物的化学构成很复杂。

盘活财政存量资金

put idle budgetary funds to use

· budgetary表示“预算的”（relating to the way money is spent in a budget）

For budgetary reasons, the redevelopment of these systems from scratch can be a poor option.

出于预算的原因，从零开始对这些系统重新开发是糟糕的选择。

· idle表示“不工作的；闲置的”（not working or producing anything）

I cannot afford to leave the land lying idle.

我不能让土地闲置。

坚持实施稳健的货币政策，引导金融支持实体经济。

We maintained a prudent monetary policy and encouraged financial support for the real economy.

注：

稳健的货币政策

a prudent monetary policy

· prudent表示“明智谨慎的，慎重的，审慎的”（sensible and careful, especially by trying to avoid unnecessary risks）

This is a very prudent choice for the future if you ask me.

这是一个非常谨慎的选择了未来，如果你们问我。

实体经济

the real economy

针对融资难融资贵问题，先后4次降低存款准备金率，多措并举缓解民营和小微企业资金紧张状况，

In response to the difficulties and high costs of financing, we reduced required reserve ratios four times, and applied a combination of measures to ease funding shortages faced by private enterprises and small and micro businesses.

注：

针对

In response to

存款准备金率

required reserve ratios

多措并举

apply a combination of measures to

融资成本上升势头得到初步遏制。

Initial success was thus made in curbing the rising cost of financing.

注：

...得到初步遏制。

Initial success was (thus) made in curbing ...

initial success 初步成功

· curb表示“控制，抑制，约束”（to control or limit something in order to prevent it from having a harmful effect）

measures to curb the spread of the virus

控制病毒扩散的措施

及时应对股市、债市异常波动，人民币汇率基本稳定，

We promptly responded to abnormal fluctuations in the stock and bond markets, and kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable.

注：

异常波动

abnormal fluctuations

人民币汇率

the RMB exchange rate

· fluctuation表示“（价格、数量、水平等的）波动，起伏”（a change in a price, amount, level etc）

Prices are subject to fluctuation.

价格可能会有波动。

外汇储备保持在3万亿美元以上。

China's foreign exchange reserves were maintained at over US$3 trillion.

注：

外汇储备

(China's) foreign exchange reserves

二是扎实打好三大攻坚战，重点任务取得积极进展。

Second, we took solid action in the three critical battles and made good progress in carrying out key tasks.

注：

扎实打好三大攻坚战

take solid action in the three critical battles

制定并有序实施三大攻坚战三年行动方案。

We drew up and began the systematic implementation of a three-year action plan for the three critical battles.

注：

制定并有序实施...

draw up and begin the systematic implementation of ...

稳步推进结构性去杠杆，稳妥处置金融领域风险，防控地方政府债务风险，改革完善房地产市场调控机制。

We made steady progress in structural deleveraging, handled risks in the financial sector prudently and appropriately, prevented and controlled local government debt risks, and reformed and improved mechanisms for conducting regulation over the real estate market.

注：

结构性去杠杆

structural deleveraging

稳妥处置...

handle ... prudently and appropriately

房地产市场调控机制

mechanisms for conducting regulation over the real estate market

深入推进精准脱贫，

We made further progress in precision poverty alleviation.

注：

深入推进

make further progress in

精准扶贫

precision poverty alleviation

加强扶贫力量，加大资金投入，强化社会帮扶，

We strengthened poverty relief capacity, increased budgetary input, and encouraged society to assist poverty alleviation.

注：

扶贫力量

poverty relief capacity

强化社会帮扶

encourage society to assist poverty alleviation

贫困地区自我发展能力稳步提高。

The self-development capacity of poverty-stricken areas was steadily enhanced.

注：

贫困地区

poverty-stricken areas

自我发展能力

the self-development capacity

全面开展蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战。

We launched an all-out fight to keep our skies blue, our waters clear, and

our land pollution-free.

优化能源和运输结构。

Energy and transportation structures were upgraded.

注：

能源和运输结构

energy and transportation structures

稳妥推进北方地区“煤改气”“煤改电”。

The replacement of coal with natural gas and electricity in North China was

steadily advanced.

注：

“煤改气”“煤改电”

the replacement of coal with natural gas and electricity

全面建立河长制、湖长制。

The system of river chiefs and lake chiefs was established across the country.

注：

河长制

the system of river chiefs

湖长制

the system of river chiefs

河长制/湖长制，即由中国各级党政主要负责人担任“河长”/“湖长”，负责组织领导相应河湖的管理和保护工作。

化肥农药使用量实现双下降。

The use of both chemical fertilizers and pesticides was reduced.

加强生态环保督察执法。

Inspections and law enforcement for environmental protection were strengthened.

注：

生态环保督察执法

inspections and law enforcement for environmental protection

三是深化供给侧结构性改革，实体经济活力不断释放。

Third, we deepened supply-side structural reform and steadily unleashed the dynamism of the real economy.

注：

供给侧结构性改革

supply-side structural reform

实体经济

the real economy

· unleash表示“释放”（to suddenly let a strong force, emotion, etc. befelt or have an effect）

His comments unleashed a wave of protest.

他的评论引发了一波抗议的浪潮。

加大“破、立、降”力度。

We strengthened work to cut ineffective supply, foster new growth drivers, and reduce costs in the realeconomy.

注：

“破、立、降”

cut ineffective supply, foster new growth drivers, and reduce costs in the realeconomy

“破、立、降”，2017年底中央经济工作会议提出的供给侧结构性改革中的要点：破除无效供给, 引导要素向新供给、新动能产业转移，降低实体经济成本。

推进钢铁、煤炭行业市场化去产能。

We made progress in using market mechanisms to cut capacity in the steel and coal industries.

注：

去产能

cut capacity

实施稳投资举措，

Measures were implemented to ensure stable investment;

制造业投资、民间投资增速明显回升。

as a result, investment in manufacturing and private investment rebounded markedly.

注：

民间投资

private investment

明显回升

rebound markedly

· rebound表示“回升；反弹”（[of prices, etc.] to rise again after they have fallen）

Share prices rebounded today after last week’s losses.

股票价格在上周下跌之后，今天出现了反弹。

出台促进居民消费政策。

Policies were adopted to stimulate consumer spending.

注：

促进居民消费

stimulate consumer spending

全面推进“互联网+”，运用新技术新模式改造传统产业。

Internet Plus initiatives were advanced across the board, and new technologies and models were used to transform traditional industries.

注：

全面推进

… be advanced across the board

“互联网+”

Internet Plus initiatives

改造传统产业

transform traditional industries

深入推进简政减税减费。

We deepened efforts to streamline government functions and cut taxes and fees.

注：

简政

streamline government functions

减税减费

cut taxes and fees

取消一批行政许可事项，“证照分离”改革在全国推开，

A number of government permits were abolished, the reform separating permits from the business license was implemented nationwide,

注：

行政许可事项

government permits

“证照分离”改革

the reform separating permits from the business license

企业开办时间大幅压缩，工业生产许可证种类压减三分之一以上。

the time needed to start a business was considerably shortened, and the types of industrial production permits were cut by over a third.

注：

企业开办时间

the time needed to start a business

工业生产许可证种类

the types of industrial production permits

“双随机、一公开”监管全面实施。

Oversight conducted through the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results was implemented nationwide.

注：

“双随机、一公开”

the random selection of both inspectors and inspection targets and the prompt release of results

“双随机、一公开”，即在监管过程中随机抽取检查对象，随机选派执法检查人员，抽查情况及查处结果及时向社会公开。（百度百科）

清理规范各类涉企收费，推动降低用电、用网和物流等成本。

We overhauled the charges and fees levied on businesses, and encouraged cuts in the cost of electricity, broad band services, and logistics.

注：

清理规范

overhaul

· overhaul表示“全面改革（制度或方法）”（to change a system or method in order to improve it ）

All the community’s decision-making institutions need to be overhauled.

社区的所有决策机构都需要进行彻底改革。

各类涉企收费

the charges and fees levied on businesses

用网，也就是宽带服务

broad band services

深化“互联网+政务服务”，

We advanced the Internet Plus Government Services initiative,

注：

“互联网+政务服务”

the Internet Plus Government Services initiative

各地探索推广一批有特色的改革举措，

the local authorities explored and extended a number of distinctive reform measures,

注：

探索推广

explore and extend

一批有特色的改革举措

a number of distinctive reform measures

· extend表示“扩大…的范围（或影响）”（extend something to make a business, an idea, an influence, etc. cover more areas or operate in more places）

The company plans to extend its operations into Europe.

公司打算将业务扩展到欧洲。 

企业和群众办事便利度不断提高。

and both businesses and the public now enjoy increasingly better access to government services.

「未完待续」

「持续更新中」

「Part2」2019政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

「Part 1」2019政府工作报告中英文对照注释版

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