黑名单白名单？谷歌浏览器拟弃用相关表述

近日，科技网站9To5Google称，谷歌浏览器Chrome团队将不再使用如“黑名单（blacklist）”和“白名单（whitelist）”这类可能引起种族歧视联想的说法，而改用“禁用清单”（blocklist）和“允许清单”（allowlist）等词汇。

无注释原文：

Google Chrome team moving away from the words ‘blacklist’ and ‘whitelist’ to be more inclusive

9To5Google

Over the past few weeks, protesters around the world have spoken out against all forms of racism and to proudly declare that Black lives matter. Google has been a supporter of the Black Lives Matter movement and the protests, and now the Chrome team is beginning to eliminate even subtle forms of racism by moving away from terms like “blacklist” and “whitelist.”

Since October of last year, Google Chrome — or more specifically the Chromium open source project — has included guidance in its official code style guide on how to write “racially neutral” code. The document clearly outlines that Chrome and Chromium developers are to avoid the words “blacklist” and “whitelist” in favor of the neutral terms “blocklist” and “allowlist.”

Terms such as “blacklist” and “whitelist” reinforce the notion that black==bad and white==good. That Word Black, by Langston Hughes illustrates this problem in a lighthearted, if somewhat pointed way.

Google had already made some headway on swapping “blocklist” for “blacklist,” with efforts having begun as early as May 2018 to remove the user-facing instances of “blacklist” and “whitelist” in Chrome. However, Chrome’s internal code still has many many references to blacklists including an entire section of code called “components/blacklist.”

In light of the recent protests against racism and police brutality, at least one Chromium developer has taken it upon themselves to make good on Chrome’s desire to have racially neutral code. This afternoon, a new code change has been submitted that attempts to safely replace every possible instance of the word “blacklist” without breaking any part of the browser, with the ultimate goal of renaming “components/blacklist” to “components/blocklist.”

This is the first of 2 changes to rename components/blacklist to components/blocklist. This contains all the class/method/member/variable renaming. There should be no functional differences here. This patch will be followed by another patch that renames the directory/files and updates the necessary build system rules. The vast majority of the changes here are simply replacing an ‘a’ with an ‘o’.

In total, over 2,000 references to the word “blacklist” are set to be replaced, once the code change has been reviewed and accepted. It’s encouraging to see Googlers taking action to combat racism in all its forms, and serves as a reminder that all of us have the power to fight the racism within our own realms.

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含注释全文：

Google Chrome team moving away from the words ‘blacklist’ and ‘whitelist’ to be more inclusive

9To5Google

Over the past few weeks, protesters around the world have spoken out against all forms of racism and to proudly declare that Black lives matter. Google has been a supporter of the Black Lives Matter movement and the protests, and now the Chrome team is beginning to eliminate even subtle forms of racism by moving away from terms like “blacklist” and “whitelist.”

“黑人的命也是命”运动。2012年2月美国非裔青年崔温·马丁（Trayvon Martin）被枪杀，次年开枪的欧洲、拉丁、非洲混血裔社区自卫巡逻员乔治·齐默尔曼（George Zimmerman）被判无罪，社交网络上发起了 #BlackLivesMatter 的话题，后来发展成线下组织游行抗议。

Black Lives Matter (BLM) is an international human rights movement, originating from within the African-American community, which campaigns against violence and systemic racism towards black people. BLM regularly holds protests speaking out against police brutality and police killings of black people, and broader issues such as racial profiling, and racial inequality in the United States criminal justice system.（Wikipedia）

1）表示“排除；清除；消除”，英文解释为“to remove or get rid of sth/sb”举个🌰：

Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash.

有了信用卡就用不着携带很多现金。

2）表示“（比赛中）淘汰”，英文解释为“to defeat a person or a team so that they no longer take part in a competition, etc.”举个🌰：

All the teams were eliminated in the early stages of the competition.

所有队伍在比赛初期就被淘汰了。

3）表示“消灭，干掉（尤指敌人或对手）”，英文解释为“to kill sb, especially an enemy or opponent”。

Since October of last year, Google Chrome — or more specifically the Chromium open source project — has included guidance in its official code style guide on how to write “racially neutral” code. The document clearly outlines that Chrome and Chromium developers are to avoid the words “blacklist” and “whitelist” in favor of the neutral terms “blocklist” and “allowlist.”

Chromium是Google为发展浏览器Google Chrome而开启的免费开源软件项目，以BSD许可协议等数种许可发行并开放源代码。Chromium与Google Chrome共享大部分代码和功能，但功能和商标之间有一些细微差别。

Chromium is a free and open-source software project from Google. The source code can be compiled into a web browser.

开源项目

open source project

1）表示“中立的”，英文解释为“If a person or country adopts a neutral position or remains neutral, they do not support anyone in a disagreement, war, or contest.”举个🌰：

Let's meet on neutral territory.

我们在中立地区会面吧。

2）表示“不动声色的”，英文解释为“If someone speaks in a neutral voice or if the expression on their face is neutral, they do not show what they are thinking or feeling.”举个🌰：

She put her magazine down and said in a neutral voice, "You're very late, darling."

她放下她的杂志,以不动声色的口吻说，“亲爱的，你太晚了”。

Terms such as “blacklist” and “whitelist” reinforce the notion that black==bad and white==good. That Word Black, by Langston Hughes illustrates this problem in a lighthearted, if somewhat pointed way.

1）表示“加强；充实；使更强烈”，英文解释为“to make a feeling, an idea, etc. stronger”举个🌰：

Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes.

这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。 

2）表示“加固；使更结实”，英文解释为“to make a structure or material stronger, especially by adding another material to it”举个🌰：

All buildings are now reinforced to withstand earthquakes.

所有建筑现都已加固，以抗地震。

表示“观念；信念；理解”，英文解释为“an idea, a belief or an understanding of sth ”举个🌰：

She had only a vague notion of what might happen.

对于可能发生的事她只有一个模糊的概念。 

表示“（批评等）尖锐的”，英文解释为“Pointed comments or behaviour express criticism in a clear and direct way.”举个🌰：

I couldn't help notice the pointed remarks slung in my direction.

我不可能注意不到那些针对我的尖锐评论。

表示“轻松的；愉快的；无忧无虑的”，英文解释为“intended to be amusing or easily enjoyable rather than too serious；cheerful and without problems”举个🌰：

She felt lighthearted and optimistic.

她感到无忧无虑，很乐观。

Google had already made some headway on swapping “blocklist” for “blacklist,” with efforts having begun as early as May 2018 to remove the user-facing instances of “blacklist” and “whitelist” in Chrome. However, Chrome's internal code still has many many references to blacklists including an entire section of code called “components/blacklist.”

表示“取得（缓慢的或艰难的）进展”，英文解释为“to make progress, especially when this is slow or difficult”举个🌰：

We are making little headway with the negotiations.

我们的谈判没有取得什么进展。

🎬电影《复仇者联盟2：奥创纪元》（Avengers: Age of Ultron）中的台词提到：but he's not making any headway. 但他并没什么进展。

📺迷你剧《黑镜》（Black Mirror）第二季中的台词提到：Um, yeah, yeah, we're making headway. 不错，不错，我们有进展了。

🎬电影《一路到底》（All the Way）中的台词提到：I used all the heartstrings I had. I made no headway. 我费劲了心力 但却滞留在原地。

表示“调换，交换”，英文解释为“If you swap one thing for another, you remove the first thing and replace it with the second, or you stop doing the first thing and start doing the second.”举个🌰：

Despite the heat, he'd swapped his overalls for a suit and tie.

尽管天气炎热，他还是把他的工装裤换成了西装和领带。

美剧《我们这一天》（This is us）中的台词提到：You swap lightning bolts for thunder clouds? 你用闪电球交换雷暴云？/你用闪电球来呼风唤雨吗？

In light of the recent protests against racism and police brutality, at least one Chromium developer has taken it upon themselves to make good on Chrome's desire to have racially neutral code. This afternoon, a new code change has been submitted that attempts to safely replace every possible instance of the word “blacklist” without breaking any part of the browser, with the ultimate goal of renaming “components/blacklist” to “components/blocklist.”

前几天也提到了这个短语，还记得吗？伊万卡大学演讲致辞被取消文中出现过。

表示“考虑到；鉴于”，英文解释为“after considering sth”举个🌰：

He rewrote the book in (the) light of further research.

他根据进一步的研究重写了那部书。 

🎬电影《完美音调2》（Pitch Perfect 2）中的台词提到：In light of this embarrassing 鉴于这个让人尴尬的...

📺美剧《硅谷》（Silicon Valley）中的台词提到：Well, in light of recent activities, it appears that I could do a goddamn thing about it. 有鉴于最近的种种 看来我还是有办法的。

表示“擅自决定做”，英文解释为“If you take something on or upon yourself, you decide to do it without asking anyone for permission or approval. ”举个🌰：

He had taken it on himself to choose the wine.

他已擅自主张选了这种葡萄酒。

表示“做承诺的事”，英文解释为“to do what you have said you would do”举个🌰：

My grandfather said he would pay for me to go to college, and he made good on that promise.

我爷爷说他会付学费送我上大学，他实现了这个承诺。

🎬 电影《钢铁侠2》（Iron Man 2）台词中提到：And you're gonna make good on our arrangements. 你要照协议办事。

🎬 电影《钢铁侠2》（Iron Man 2）台词中提到：if you do want to make good on your vow... 如果你真的想要实现你的誓言...

This is the first of 2 changes to rename components/blacklist to components/blocklist.

This contains all the class/method/member/variable renaming. There should be no functional differences here. This patch will be followed by another patch that renames the directory/files and updates the necessary build system rules. The vast majority of the changes here are simply replacing an ‘a’ with an ‘o’.

class 类

variable 变量

patch 补丁

In total, over 2,000 references to the word “blacklist” are set to be replaced, once the code change has been reviewed and accepted. It’s encouraging to see Googlers taking action to combat racism in all its forms, and serves as a reminder that all of us have the power to fight the racism within our own realms.

1）表示“防止；减轻”，英文解释为“to stop sth unpleasant or harmful from happening or from getting worse”，如：measures to combat crime/inflation/unemployment/disease 防止犯罪/通货膨胀/失业/疾病的措施；

2）表示“战斗；与…搏斗”，英文解释为“to fight against an enemy”。

realm /rɛlm/ 1）表示“领域；场所”，英文解释为“an area of activity, interest, or knowledge”举个🌰：

At the end of the speech he seemed to be moving  into the realms of  fantasy.

讲话的最后，他似乎进入了虚幻的境地。

2）表示“王国”（a country ruled by a king or queen）

补充：

beyond the realm of possibility 表示“超出范围，不可能”（not possible），相反的说法：within the realm of possibility 意思就是“在可能的范围”（possible），举个🌰：

A successful outcome is not beyond the realms of possibility.

最后取得成功并非没有可能。

🎬电影《复仇者联盟2：奥创纪元》（Avengers: Age of Ultron）中的台词提到：In every realm, there's a reflection. 每个国度都有倒影。

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才思汇

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