日本基本决定将福岛核污水排入大海

近日，日本政府表示“基本决定”将福岛第一核电站核污水排入大海。

无注释原文：

Japan to announce Fukushima water release into sea soon

Associated Press

The Japanese government has decided to dispose of massive amounts of treated but still radioactive water stored in tanks at the wrecked Fukushima nuclear plant by releasing it into the Pacific Ocean, local media reported Friday, a conclusion widely expected but delayed for years amid protests and safety concerns.

Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga told top fisheries association officials on Wednesday that his government believes the release into the sea is the most realistic option and that a final decision would be made “within days.”

A formal announcement is expected soon at a meeting of key ministers, Industry Ministry officials said Friday. They declined to confirm reports from Kyodo News and other media that the ministers will meet as early as Tuesday and have already reached a final decision.

A government panel, after seven years of discussion on how to dispose of the water without further harming Fukushima’s image and the region’s fisheries and other businesses, prepared a report two years ago saying a release into the sea is the most realistic method. The report mentioned evaporation as a less desirable option.

The release is expected to start in about two years after the utility, Tokyo Electric Power Co., sets up a facility approved by nuclear authorities. According to a preliminary estimate, a gradual release of the water is expected to finish before the plant cleanup ends.

A release of the water into the sea has faced fierce opposition from local fishermen and residents. Japan Fisheries Cooperatives Chairman Hiroshi Kishi said he rejects Suga’s proposed release plan and demanded the government explain how it will address damage to the fishing industry.

The government has said it will do its utmost to support local fisheries and provide compensation for any damages.

In 2011, a powerful magnitude 9.0 earthquake and tsunami damaged the Fukushima plant’s cooling systems, causing three reactor cores to melt.

In the decade since, cooling water has constantly escaped from the damaged primary containment vessels into the basements of the reactor buildings. To make up for the loss, additional water has been pumped into the reactors to cool the melted fuel remaining inside them. Water is also pumped out and treated, part of which is recycled as cooling water, and the remainder stored in around 1,000 tanks at the plant.

TEPCO, the utility, is contending with about 1.24 million tons of radioactive water.

TEPCO and government officials say tritium, which is not harmful in small amounts, cannot be removed from the water, but all other radionuclides selected for treatment can be reduced to safe levels for release. But some scientists say the long-term impact on marine life from low-dose exposure from such large volumes of water is unknown.

The operator says the tanks’ 1.37 million-ton storage capacity will be full in 2022, and that tanks will need to be removed to make room for decommissioning facilities.

Japan has sought the International Atomic Energy Agency’s involvement in safety reviews and monitoring to help increase transparency and public trust.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

Japan to announce Fukushima water release into sea soon

Associated Press

The Japanese government has decided to dispose of massive amounts of treated but still radioactive water stored in tanks at the wrecked Fukushima nuclear plant by releasing it into the Pacific Ocean, local media reported Friday, a conclusion widely expected but delayed for years amid protests and safety concerns.

据当地媒体周五报道，日本政府已经决定将储存在福岛核电站失事的储水罐中的大量经过处理但仍具有放射性的水，通过释放到太平洋中的方式进行处理，人们普遍推测出了该决定，但在抗议和安全问题的影响下被推迟了多年。

表示“排放；泄漏；渗漏”，英文解释为“the act of letting a gas, chemical, etc. come out of the container where it has been safely held”，如：the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere 二氧化碳向大气层的排放。

表示“（尺寸、数量、规模）非常大的”，英文解释为“Something that is massive is very large in size, quantity, or extent.”举个🌰：

There was evidence of massive fraud.

有证据表明是巨额欺诈。

表示“放射性的”，英文解释为“Something that is radioactive contains a substance that produces energy in the form of powerful and harmful rays. ”举个🌰：

The government has been storing radioactive waste at Fernald for 50 years.

该政府50年来一直在弗纳德储存放射性废物。

表示“（盛放液体或气体的）罐；箱；槽”，英文解释为“A tank is a large container for holding liquid or gas.”举个🌰：

Two water tanks provide a total capacity of 400 litres.

两个水箱的总容量为400升。

wrecked /rekt/ 表示“遭到严重破坏的；被毁的”，英文解释为“very badly damaged”举个🌰：

Just look at what you've done to my coat - it's wrecked.

看看你对我的大衣干的好事——它全毁了。

Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga told top fisheries association officials on Wednesday that his government believes the release into the sea is the most realistic option and that a final decision would be made “within days.”

首相菅义伟（Yoshihide Suga）周三对渔业协会的高级官员表示，他的政府认为，将其排入大海是最现实的选择，并将在「几天内」做出最终决定。

A formal announcement is expected soon at a meeting of key ministers, Industry Ministry officials said Friday. They declined to confirm reports from Kyodo News and other media that the ministers will meet as early as Tuesday and have already reached a final decision.

产业省官员周五表示，预计很快将在主要部长会议上正式宣布。他们拒绝证实日本共同社（Kyodo News）和其他媒体的报道，即部长们最早将在周二召开会议，并已作出最终决定。

表示“谢绝，拒绝”，英文解释为“If you decline something or decline to do something, you politely refuse to accept it or do it.”举个🌰：

He declined their invitation. 

他谢绝了他们的邀请。

表示“批准（职位、协议等）；确认；认可”，英文解释为“to make a position, an agreement, etc. more definite or official; to establish sb/sth firmly”举个🌰：

After a six-month probationary period, her position was confirmed.

经过六个月的试用期后，她获准正式担任该职。

A government panel, after seven years of discussion on how to dispose of the water without further harming Fukushima’s image and the region’s fisheries and other businesses, prepared a report two years ago saying a release into the sea is the most realistic method. The report mentioned evaporation as a less desirable option.

一个政府小组在讨论了7年之后，就如何在不进一步损害福岛的形象和该地区的渔业和其他企业的情况下处理这些污水，两年前编写了一份报告，称向大海排放是最现实的方法。报告中提到蒸发是一个不太理想的方案。

表示“（选定的）专家小组；讨论小组”，英文解释为“a small group of people chosen to give advice, make a decision, or publicly discuss their opinions as entertainment”举个🌰：

He assembled a panel of scholars to advise him. 

他集结了一个学者小组为他出谋划策。

表示“形象；印象；声誉”，英文解释为“the impression that a person, an organization or a product, etc. gives to the public”举个🌰：

The advertisements are intended to improve the company's image.

这些广告旨在提高公司的形象。 

evaporation /ɪˌvæpəˈreɪʃn/ 表示“蒸发，挥发，汽化”，英文解释为“Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor. Evaporation is the primary pathway that water moves from the liquid state back into the water cycle as atmospheric water vapor.”

The release is expected to start in about two years after the utility, Tokyo Electric Power Co., sets up a facility approved by nuclear authorities. According to a preliminary estimate, a gradual release of the water is expected to finish before the plant cleanup ends.

预计在公用事业公司--东京电力公司建立核电部门批准的设施后，在两年内开始排放。据初步估计，预计在核电站清理工作结束前，将完成水的逐步排放。

表示“公用事业；公共设施”，英文解释为“A utility is an important service such as water, electricity, or gas that is provided for everyone, and that everyone pays for.”如：public utilities such as gas, electricity and phones 煤气、电和电话等公用事业。

preliminary表示“预备性的；初步的；开始的”，英文解释为“happening before a more important action or event”如：preliminary results/findings/enquiries 初步结果/发现/调查，举个🌰：

After a few preliminary remarks he announced the winners.

说了几句开场白之后，他即宣布优胜者名单。

A release of the water into the sea has faced fierce opposition from local fishermen and residents. Japan Fisheries Cooperatives Chairman Hiroshi Kishi said he rejects Suga’s proposed release plan and demanded the government explain how it will address damage to the fishing industry.

向海中排放污水面临当地渔民和居民的强烈反对。日本渔业合作社会长Hiroshi Kishi表示，他拒绝接受菅义伟提出的排水计划，并要求政府解释如何解决对渔业的损害。

表示“激烈的；狂热的”，英文解释为“Fierce feelings or actions are very intense or enthusiastic, or involve great activity.”举个🌰：

Consumers have a wide array of choices and price competition is fierce.

消费者的选择面很广，价格竞争也很激烈。

表示“设法解决；处理；对付”，英文解释为“to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it”举个🌰：

We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.

我们必须设法解决交通污染问题。

The government has said it will do its utmost to support local fisheries and provide compensation for any damages.

政府表示将尽最大努力支持当地渔业，并对任何损失进行赔偿。

表示“最大努力”，英文解释为“If you say that you are doing your utmost to do something, you are emphasizing that you are trying as hard as you can to do it.”举个🌰：

He would have done his utmost to help her.

他本来会尽最大努力帮助她。

compensation /ˌkɒmpɛnˈseɪʃən/ 表示“补偿（或赔偿）物；（尤指）赔偿金，补偿金；赔偿”，英文解释为“If something is some compensation for something bad that has happened, it makes you feel better.”举个🌰：

He gained some compensation for her earlier defeat by winning the final open class.

他通过赢得公开赛的决赛获得了对先前失利的一些补偿。

In 2011, a powerful magnitude 9.0 earthquake and tsunami damaged the Fukushima plant’s cooling systems, causing three reactor cores to melt.

2011年，一场9.0级强震和海啸破坏了福岛核电站的冷却系统，导致三个反应堆堆芯熔化。

表示“核反应堆”，英文解释为“a large structure used for the controlled production of nuclear energy”。

表示“（使）熔化；融化”，英文解释为“When a solid substance melts or when you melt it, it changes to a liquid, usually because it has been heated.”举个🌰：

The snow had melted, but the lake was still frozen solid.

雪已经融化了，但湖面仍然冻得结结实实。

In the decade since, cooling water has constantly escaped from the damaged primary containment vessels into the basements of the reactor buildings. To make up for the loss, additional water has been pumped into the reactors to cool the melted fuel remaining inside them. Water is also pumped out and treated, part of which is recycled as cooling water, and the remainder stored in around 1,000 tanks at the plant.

在此后的10年里，冷却水不断从受损的主安全壳容器中流出，进入反应堆建筑物的地下室。为了弥补损失，额外的水被泵入反应堆，以冷却残留在反应堆内的熔化燃料。水也被抽出并处理，其中一部分作为冷却水循环使用，其余的水则储存在核电站的约1000个水箱中。

表示“漏出；逸出”，英文解释为“When gas, liquid, or heat escapes, it comes out from a pipe, container, or place.”举个🌰：

Leave a vent open to let some moist air escape.

让一个排气口开着以便让一些湿气逸出。

vessel /ˈvɛsəl/ 表示“（盛液体的）容器，器皿”，英文解释为“a container used for holding liquids, such as a bowl, cup, etc.”如：a Bronze Age drinking vessel 青铜器时代的饮具。

1）表示“抽送；用泵（或泵样器官等）输送”，英文解释为“To pump a liquid or gas in a particular direction means to force it to flow in that direction using a pump.”举个🌰：

The money raised will be used to dig bore holes to pump water into the dried-up lake.

筹到的钱款将用来挖井眼，再将水抽入干涸的湖中。

2）表示“洗胃”，英文解释为“If someone has their stomach pumped, doctors remove the contents of their stomach, for example, because they have swallowed poison or drugs.”举个🌰：

One woman was rushed to the emergency room to have her stomach pumped.

一名妇女被紧急送进急诊室去洗胃。

表示“其他人员；剩余物；剩余时间”，英文解释为“the remaining people, things or time”举个🌰：

I kept some of his books and gave away the remainder.

我保留了一些他的书，其他的都送人了。

TEPCO, the utility, is contending with about 1.24 million tons of radioactive water.

东电作为公用事业公司，正在应对约124万吨的放射性污水。

表示“（不得不）处理问题，对付困境”，英文解释为“to have to deal with a problem or difficult situation”举个🌰：

Nurses often have to contend with violent or drunken patients.

护士经常不得不对付粗暴的或喝醉酒的病人。 

TEPCO and government officials say tritium, which is not harmful in small amounts, cannot be removed from the water, but all other radionuclides selected for treatment can be reduced to safe levels for release. But some scientists say the long-term impact on marine life from low-dose exposure from such large volumes of water is unknown.

东电和政府官员表示，少量无害的氚无法从水中去除，但其他所有被选中处理的放射性核素都可以降低到安全水平排放。但有科学家表示，如此大的水量低剂量暴露对海洋生物的长期影响尚不清楚。

tritium /ˈtrɪtɪəm/ 表示“氚”，英文解释为“an isotope  (= a different form) of hydrogen with a mass that is three times that of the usual isotope”。

表示“放射性核素”，英文解释为“a nuclide that is radioactive”。

1）表示“海的；海产的；海生的”，英文解释为“connected with the sea and the creatures and plants that live there”；

2）表示“海船的；货船的；海上贸易的”，英文解释为“connected with ships or trade at sea”。

The operator says the tanks’ 1.37 million-ton storage capacity will be full in 2022, and that tanks will need to be removed to make room for decommissioning facilities.

公司表示，这些储罐的137万吨储量将在2022年装满，需要拆除储罐，为退役设施腾出空间。

表示“停止使用”，英文解释为“When something such as a nuclear reactor or a large machine is decommissioned, it is taken out of use and taken apart because it is no longer going to be used.”举个🌰：

The ships were to be decommissioned.

这些船即将被停止使用。

Japan has sought the International Atomic Energy Agency’s involvement in safety reviews and monitoring to help increase transparency and public trust.

日本已寻求国际原子能机构参与安全审查和监测，以帮助提高透明度和公众信任。

表示“监视；检查；跟踪调查”，英文解释为“to watch and check sth over a period of time in order to see how it develops, so that you can make any necessary changes”举个🌰：

Each student's progress is closely monitored.

每一位同学的学习情况都受到密切的关注。

表示“透明度；显而易见；一目了然”，英文解释为“the quality of sth, such as an excuse or a lie, that allows sb to see the truth easily ”举个🌰：

They were shocked by the transparency of his lies.

他们感到震惊的是他竟睁着眼睛说瞎话。 

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