弗洛伊德事件一周年了

5月25日是美国非洲裔男子乔治·弗洛伊德（George Floyd）遭明尼苏达州白人警察“跪颈”执法致死一周年。

一年已去，虽然涉事警察已被定罪，但弗洛伊德“我无法呼吸”的绝望呐喊仍在回响，类似的悲剧仍在发生。

无注释原文：

Enough Lip Service to Racial Equality. Companies Can Do More

Bloomberg

Investors have demanded that company bosses do more than just condemn racism, shaming them into releasing previously unseen data on workforce diversity. It’s a step forward, but it’s too soon to say this spells real progress toward equality. Companies need to lay out what they plan to do with the information — or face more heat.

In the wake of the police killing of George Floyd, investors dialed up pressure on the corporate sector to act. Among the most high-profile campaigns was New York City Comptroller Scott Stringer’s call for 67 major U.S. companies to release their so-called EEO-1 submissions. These forms classify employees by race, gender and ethnicity in 10 job categories and need be revealed only to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

A majority of the S&P 100 companies now release EEO-1 reports, or have agreed to. The filings that have emerged so far show that the senior workforces of some of the world’s biggest employers aren’t representative of wider society in what is usually their largest market.

Goldman Sachs Group Inc. revealed that Black or African American employees made up 3.2% of the “executive/senior officials and managers” level, and women comprised only 25%. This rose to 7% and 42% in the broader “professionals” category. At rival bank Citigroup Inc., 4% of the top level were Black or African American, and 36% were female, rising to 8% and 45% respectively at the professionals level.

It’s easy to say this data confirms what is already known. Nevertheless, it’s useful to have it laid bare. Investors have a document they can hold before senior management. Clients and customers can make an informed decision about whether to deal with firms that fail to make progress on diversity. This should spur bosses to strive for year-over-year improvements.

But EEO-1 transparency can only be the start. Its broad categories make detailed comparisons between firms difficult, and that in turn makes it harder to hold executives to account. The data don’t reveal disparities in pay or set out how minorities advance through a firm. More information is needed here. The Workforce Disclosure Initiative, a global investor consortium encouraging firms to reveal employee demographics, found that just 4% of companies in its most recent survey provide data on their ethnicity pay gap (excluding cases where it’s prohibited to gather the data), while 57% track their gender pay gap.

According to As You Sow, the U.S. corporate responsibility group, only 4% of S&P 500 companies provide even one race-related recruitment statistic. Barely 1% share retention data by race or ethnicity. 

The work-in-progress state of corporate diversity disclosure is reminiscent of the early days of carbon emissions reporting. Establishing global standards is going to be hard due to legal variations. (In France, for example, it’s illegal for employers to classify staff by their ethnic origin.) Identity is also becoming increasingly complex and difficult to compartmentalize into just a few categories. 

Investors need to keep up the pressure to make disclosure better. Publishing EEO-1 forms is easy, as much of the legwork has already been done. Now is the time to force companies to pull together diversity data that requires more effort. Some investors are doing this, but not all seem willing to push too hard.

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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

Enough Lip Service to Racial Equality. Companies Can Do More

Bloomberg

Investors have demanded that company bosses do more than just condemn racism, shaming them into releasing previously unseen data on workforce diversity. It's a step forward, but it's too soon to say this spells real progress toward equality. Companies need to lay out what they plan to do with the information — or face more heat.

投资者要求公司老板做的不仅仅是谴责种族主义，还要求他们公布以前从未见过的劳动力多样性数据。这是一个进步，但说这意味着朝平等迈进了真正的步伐还为时过早。公司需要说明他们计划如何处理这些信息--否则将面临更多的压力。

表示“指责，谴责”，英文解释为“to say very strongly that you do not approve of something or someone, especially because you think it is morally wrong”

🎬电影《英伦对决》（The Foreigner）中的台词提到：And I condemn these acts of violence, but I can't help you. 对这些暴力行为我表示谴责，但我帮不了你。

表示“使（某人）感到羞愧而做／不做…”，英文解释为“to cause someone to do or not to do something by making them feel ashamed”举个🌰：

The city council was shamed into taking action after criticism in the national and local media.

在遭到全国和地方媒体批评之后，市政局在羞愧之下采取了行动。

表示“多样性，多样化”，英文解释为“the fact of many different types of things or people being included in something; a range of different things or people”举个🌰：

Does television adequately reflect the ethnic and cultural diversity of the country?

电视节目能充分反映出这个国家民族和文化的多样性吗？

熟词僻义，表示“招致，意味着（通常指坏事）”，英文解释为“to have sth, usually sth bad, as a result; to mean sth, usually sth bad”举个🌰：

The crop failure spelt disaster for many farmers.

对许多农民来说，庄稼歉收就意味着灾难。

表示“向…清楚地解释；清晰地表达”，英文解释为“To lay out ideas, principles, or plans means to explain or present them clearly, for example, in a document or a meeting.”举个🌰：

He listened closely as she laid out her plan.

他倾听她清晰地讲述她的计划。

In the wake of the police killing of George Floyd, investors dialed up pressure on the corporate sector to act. Among the most high-profile campaigns was New York City Comptroller Scott Stringer's call for 67 major U.S. companies to release their so-called EEO-1 submissions. These forms classify employees by race, gender and ethnicity in 10 job categories and need be revealed only to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

在警察杀害乔治·弗洛伊德（George Floyd）之后，投资者加大了对企业的压力，要求其采取行动。在最引人注目的运动中，纽约市审计长斯科特·斯特林格（Scott Stringer）呼吁67家美国大公司公布其所谓的EEO-1报告。这些报表按种族、性别和族裔对10个工作类别的员工进行分类，只需要向美国平等就业机会委员会披露。

in the wake of表示“作为…的后果；随…之后而来”，英文解释为“If something happens in the wake of something else, it happens after and often because of it.”举个🌰：

Airport security was extra tight in the wake of yesterday's attacks.

昨天的袭击发生之后，机场安检变得格外严格。

🎬电影《科洛弗道10号》（10 Cloverfield Lane）中的台词提到：In the wake of this afternoon's widespread blackout 在今天下午的大面积停电之后，...

🎬电影《阿波罗13号》（Apollo 13）中的台词提到：lt was that phosphorescent stuff that gets churned up in the wake of a big ship. 就是在大船驶过后被搅上来 会发出磷光的那种东西。

🎬传记电影《史蒂夫·乔布斯》（Steve Jobs）中的台词提到：Apple Computers closed two of its factories today in the wake of disappointing sales. 因为销量不佳 苹果电脑今天关闭了两家工厂。

表示“增加、提高，加强”，英文解释为“to make something more forceful or extreme:”举个🌰：

As climate change dials up global temperatures, one effect is an earlier flower bloom.

随着气候变化使全球气温升高，其中一个影响是花期提前。

表示“审计官，审计员（尤用于公共财务官员头衔和组织名称中）”，英文解释为“a controller, especially in the job titles of people who have important financial jobs”。

表示“将…分类，将…归类；把…分级”，英文解释为“to divide things into groups according to their type”举个🌰：

The books in the library are classified by/according to subject.

图书馆的书是按照学科分类的。

表示“种族特点；种族渊源 ”，英文解释为“Ethnicity is the state or fact of belonging to a particular ethnic group.”举个🌰：

He said his ethnicity had not been important to him.

他说他的种族渊源对他向来都不重要。

A majority of the S&P 100 companies now release EEO-1 reports, or have agreed to. The filings that have emerged so far show that the senior workforces of some of the world's biggest employers aren't representative of wider society in what is usually their largest market.

标准普尔100指数中的大多数公司现在都发布了EEO-1报告，或者已经同意发布。迄今为止出现的文件显示，世界上一些最大的雇主的高级员工队伍，在通常是他们最大的市场中，并不代表更广泛的社会。

Goldman Sachs Group Inc. revealed that Black or African American employees made up 3.2% of the “executive/senior officials and managers” level, and women comprised only 25%. This rose to 7% and 42% in the broader “professionals” category. At rival bank Citigroup Inc., 4% of the top level were Black or African American, and 36% were female, rising to 8% and 45% respectively at the professionals level.

高盛集团（Goldman Sachs Group Inc.）披露，黑人或非裔美国人雇员占“行政/高级职员和经理”级别的3.2%，而女性只占25%。在更宽泛的“专业人士”类别中，这一比例上升到7%和42%。在竞争对手花旗集团（Citigroup Inc.），4%的高层是黑人或非裔美国人，36%是女性，在专业人员层面上分别上升到8%和45%。

表示“包含；由…组成”，英文解释为“If you say that something comprises or is comprised of a number of things or people, you mean it has them as its parts or members.”举个🌰：

The class is comprised mainly of Chinese and Japanese students.

这个班主要由中国和日本学生组成。

🎬电影《拉瑞·克劳》（Larry Crowne）中的台词提到：They comprise 20% of the world's fresh surface water supply. 它们提供了地球表面百分之二十的淡水。

It's easy to say this data confirms what is already known. Nevertheless, it's useful to have it laid bare. Investors have a document they can hold before senior management. Clients and customers can make an informed decision about whether to deal with firms that fail to make progress on diversity. This should spur bosses to strive for year-over-year improvements.

可以很容易地说这个数据证实了已知的信息。然而，把它披露出来是很有用的。投资者有一份他们可以在高管层面前持有的文件。客户和顾客可以就是否与未能在多样性方面取得进展的公司打交道作出知情决定。这应该刺激老板们努力实现逐年的改善。

表示“公开，公布”，英文解释为“to make something known”举个🌰：

It's been promoted as the biography that lays bare the truth behind the legend.

这本自传被宣传成是一部揭示传奇背后真相的作品。

表示“鼓动；激励；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞”，英文解释为“If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.”举个🌰：

It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats.

是金钱驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的小船冒险出海远航。

🎬电影《龙之心3：巫师的诅咒》（Dragonheart 3: The Sorcerer's Curse）中的台词提到：To spur the clans to war. 激励部族发起战争。

表示“（尤指长期或不畏艰难地）努力，奋斗，力争”，英文解释为“to try very hard to do something or to make something happen, especially for a long time or against difficulties”举个🌰：

In her writing she strove for a balance between innovation and familiar prose forms.

她在写作中力图在创新和传统散文形式之间求得平衡。

But EEO-1 transparency can only be the start. Its broad categories make detailed comparisons between firms difficult, and that in turn makes it harder to hold executives to account. The data don't reveal disparities in pay or set out how minorities advance through a firm. More information is needed here. The Workforce Disclosure Initiative, a global investor consortium encouraging firms to reveal employee demographics, found that just 4% of companies in its most recent survey provide data on their ethnicity pay gap (excluding cases where it's prohibited to gather the data), while 57% track their gender pay gap.

但EEO-1的透明度只能是一个开始。其宽泛的类别使得公司之间的详细比较变得困难，而这反过来又使得对高管的问责更加困难。这些数据并没有揭示薪酬的差异，也没有说明少数族裔如何在公司中晋升。这里需要更多的信息。劳动力披露倡议（Workforce Disclosure Initiative）是一个鼓励公司披露员工人口统计资料的全球投资者联盟，它发现在其最近的调查中，只有4%的公司提供关于其种族薪酬差距的数据（不包括禁止收集数据的情况），而57%的公司跟踪其性别薪酬差距。

disparity /dɪˈspærɪtɪ/表示“（尤指不公正的）不同，差异”，英文解释为“a difference between two or more things, especially an unfair one”，如：a disparity between the rates of pay for men and women 男性与女性在工资水平上的差异。

相反的：

📍parity表示“（尤指薪金、权利或权力的）相同，相等，同等”，英文解释为“the state of being equal, especially having equal pay, rights, or power”举个🌰：

Women workers are demanding parity with their male colleagues.

女职工在要求与男同事享有同等的待遇。

还可以指两个不同国家的货币单位的“平价，等价”(equality between the units of money from two diffe-rent countries）；

📍2019年「妇女节」联合国秘书长发表讲话时，就提到：

📍在2018年政府工作报告中，居民收入增长和经济增长基本同步；就处理为：Basic parity in personal income growth and economic growth.

consortium /kənˈsɔːtɪəm/ 表示“（数家公司或银行联合组成的）联营企业；财团，银团”，英文解释为“an organization of several businesses or banks joining together as a group for a shared purpose”。

表示“人口的；人口统计的；人口学的”，英文解释为“relating to demography (= the study of populations and the different groups that make them up)”举个🌰：

There have been monumental social and demographic changes in the country.

该国的社会和人口状况已经发生了巨大的变化。

According to As You Sow, the U.S. corporate responsibility group, only 4% of S&P 500 companies provide even one race-related recruitment statistic. Barely 1% share retention data by race or ethnicity.

根据美国企业责任组织As You Sow的数据，只有4%的标准普尔500强公司提供哪怕是一个与种族有关的招聘统计数据。仅1%的公司按种族或族裔分享保留数据。

The work-in-progress state of corporate diversity disclosure is reminiscent of the early days of carbon emissions reporting. Establishing global standards is going to be hard due to legal variations. (In France, for example, it's illegal for employers to classify staff by their ethnic origin.) Identity is also becoming increasingly complex and difficult to compartmentalize into just a few categories.

正在进行中的企业多样性披露让人想起了碳排放报告的早期阶段。由于法律上的差异，建立全球标准将是困难的。（例如，在法国，雇主按民族血统对员工进行分类是非法的）。身份也变得越来越复杂，很难被分割成几个类别。

表示“在制品；在产品；半成品”，英文解释为“something that is being developed or suggested but that is not yet complete”。

reminiscent /ˌrɛmɪˈnɪsənt/ 表示“令人想起的”，英文解释为“If you say that one thing is reminiscent of another, you mean that it reminds you of it.”举个🌰：

The way he laughed was strongly reminiscent of his father.

他笑的样子让人很容易想起他的父亲。

🎬电影《六天》（6 days）中的台词提到：In scenes more reminiscent of north Ireland, 此场景更让人想起北爱尔兰或美国，

compartmentalize /ˌkɒmpɑːtˈmɛntəˌlaɪz/ 表示“分隔；隔开；划分”，英文解释为“to divide sth into separate sections, especially so that one thing does not affect the other”举个🌰：

Life today is rigidly compartmentalized into work and leisure.

当今的生活被严格划分为工作和休闲两部分。

Investors need to keep up the pressure to make disclosure better. Publishing EEO-1 forms is easy, as much of the legwork has already been done. Now is the time to force companies to pull together diversity data that requires more effort. Some investors are doing this, but not all seem willing to push too hard.

投资者需要继续施加压力，使信息披露更加完善。公布EEO-1报表很容易，因为大部分的苦力活已经完成。现在是时候迫使公司把需要更多努力的多样性数据集中起来。一些投资者正在这样做，但似乎并不是所有的投资者都愿意过分施加压力。

表示“跑腿活儿；吃力不讨好的活儿”，英文解释为“difficult or boring work that takes a lot of time and effort, but that is thought to be less important”。

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