杨利伟的太空一日

近日，出自人教版七年级下册语文书中的一篇课文火了。课文名为《太空一日》，作者是杨利伟。

2003年10月15日，杨利伟搭乘“神舟五号”载人飞船出征太空，成为首位进入太空的中国航天员。

CHINA IN SPACE: THE RETURN; After 21 Hours, Chinese Spacecraft Lands Safely

The New York Times

Oct. 16, 2003

With parachutes braking its swift fall to Earth, the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft made a safe, early morning landing on the grasslands of Inner Mongolia on Thursday, official news organizations reported, completing an apparently successful mission that established China as only the third nation to send a person into space.

State television reported that the touchdown occurred at 6:23 a.m, about 21 hours after the spaceship blasted off on Wednesday from the Gobi Desert carrying the nation's first ''taikonaut,'' Yang Liwei, a lieutenant colonel in the Chinese military. Within minutes, grainy images of search teams inspecting the Shenzhou 5 re-entry capsule were televised to the nation. The launching and the landing were not televised live.

The re-entry capsule separated from the propulsion module at 5:35 a.m. and began descending toward Earth, according to the official New China News Agency. State television said the capsule entered China's airspace at roughly 6 a.m. and continued its descent to the ground.

Colonel Yang, who is expected to become China's newest hero, took a short, congratulatory telephone call from the Chinese prime minister, Wen Jiabao. The 38-year-old astronaut was reported to be in ''good spirits'' and was first shown in brief television footage emerging from the capsule in his space suit and then waving to cameras.

The safe landing meant China could take its place as one of the world's space-faring nations at a time when the United States shuttle program remains grounded following the Columbia disaster and the Russian program is suffering from budget restraints. Nations like India and Japan, while offering congratulations to China, are now racing to match its achievement of manned space flight.

''It's significant that we now have a third nation to send a man into space,'' said Roger Launius, the former chief historian for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. But Mr. Launius noted that the mission was making few waves in the United States and Russia, where sending astronauts into near-orbit of the Earth is commonplace.

''In the overall scheme of things, this is not a technologically mesmerizing event,'' Mr. Launius said. ''A lot of people are saying, 'Been there, done that.' ''

In China, though, the Shenzhou 5, or Divine Vessel, has carried great political and symbolic significance for a nation eager to be regarded as a technologically advanced and modern.

Throughout the day on Wednesday, the government-run television network, CCTV, provided exhaustive coverage of the orbiting spacecraft, a marked contrast to the scant information provided before the launching. By the end of the day, the formerly obscure Colonel Yang was all over television and the Internet.

Colonel Yang seems unlikely to get much sleep in the coming days. The rough outlines of his life have already become known in households throughout China. He was born in 1965 in Liaoning Province in northeast China. He is a former fighter pilot in the Chinese Air Force, who logged 1,350 hours of flight before becoming an astronaut in 1998.

In an interview taped with CCTV days before the launching when he was still one of three finalists for the mission, Colonel Yang was comfortable and largely unscripted, talking about training exercises with high gravitational forces that forced tears to roll from astronauts' eyes. He said he was not frightened of space travel and told a story of landing a fighter jet after one of his engines failed.

He said he liked to play Ping Pong and basketball, but also described a life greatly constrained by astronaut training. He said he eats all of his meals at the space program's canteen and that he had never been able to take his son to kindergarten. He said he had never met his son's teachers and knows them only by name.

He also was humble. Asked if he would claim individual honor from the Shenzhou 5, he demurred, saying ''it is a matter of collective honor'' for all 14 astronauts who trained for the mission.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

CHINA IN SPACE: THE RETURN; After 21 Hours, Chinese Spacecraft Lands Safely

The New York Times

Oct. 16, 2003

With parachutes braking its swift fall to Earth, the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft made a safe, early morning landing on the grasslands of Inner Mongolia on Thursday, official news organizations reported, completing an apparently successful mission that established China as only the third nation to send a person into space.

据官方新闻机构报道，随着降落伞制动其迅速降落到地球，神舟五号飞船星期四清晨在内蒙古的草原上安全着陆，完成了一次成功的任务，使中国成为第三个将人送入太空的国家。

parachute /ˈpærəˌʃuːt/ 表示“降落伞”，英文解释为“a piece of equipment made of a large piece of special cloth that is fastened to a person or thing that is dropped from an aircraft, in order to make him, her, or it fall slowly and safely to the ground”。

可以作动词，也可以作名词；作名词表示“刹车；制动器；车闸”，英文解释为“a device for slowing or stopping a vehicle”，如：to put/slam on the brakes 踩/猛踩刹车。

表示“使得到承认；使被接受”，英文解释为“to cause something or someone to be accepted in or familiar with a place, position, etc.”举个🌰：

He's established himself as a dependable source of information.

他被认为是一个可靠的消息来源。

State television reported that the touchdown occurred at 6:23 a.m, about 21 hours after the spaceship blasted off on Wednesday from the Gobi Desert carrying the nation's first ''taikonaut,'' Yang Liwei, a lieutenant colonel in the Chinese military. Within minutes, grainy images of search teams inspecting the Shenzhou 5 re-entry capsule were televised to the nation. The launching and the landing were not televised live.

国家电视台报道，早上6点23分飞船着陆，距周三从戈壁沙漠起飞过去约21个小时。飞船上载有中国第一位“航天员”杨利伟，他是中国军队的一名陆军中校。在几分钟内，搜索小组检查神舟五号返回舱的模糊照片被转播给全国。发射和着陆的过程没有进行电视直播。

表示“（火箭）点火起飞，发射升空”，英文解释为“If a rocket blasts off, it leaves the ground to go into space.”

🎬电影《海啸奇迹》（The Impossible）中在放“孔明灯”时大家就狂喊：Blast off.

表示“太空人，中国宇航员”，实际上这个词是由汉语拼音taikong和astronaut缩合而成，英文解释为“an astronaut from the People's Republic of China”。

由来：

📍From Mandarin 太空 (tàikōng, “space”) +‎ -naut, modelled after astronaut, cosmonaut, spationaut, etc. The term was coined on 19 May 1998 by Chiew Lee Yih (赵里昱) from Malaysia, who used it first in newsgroups. Almost simultaneously, Chen Lan coined it for use in the Western media.

类似的cosmonaut指的是“（苏联的）宇航员，太空人”（an astronaut from the former Soviet Union ）；spationaut指的是“法国的宇航员，太空人”（A French astronaut）。

lieutenant colonel /lefˌtenənt ˈkɜːnl/ 表示“陆军、空军或海军陆战队中校”，英文解释为“an officer holding commissioned rank immediately junior to a colonel in certain armies, air forces, and marine corps”。

colonel本身表示“（陆军、海军陆战队或美国空军）上校”（an officer of high rank in the army, the marines , or the US air force）。

📍2000年，杨利伟晋升中校军衔。据报道，在2003年神周五号升空前，上级已经决定要给杨利伟晋衔为上校，但这项决定一直没有正式宣布。在杨利伟成功返回，算是正式晋升上校军衔。2004年春节前后，晋升大校军衔。

表示“（照片）有颗粒的，粗糙的”，英文解释为“A grainy photograph looks as if it is made up of lots of spots, which make the lines or shapes in it difficult to see.”如：grainy black and white photos 有颗粒的黑白照片。

1）表示“（装药物的）胶囊”，英文解释为“a small container which has a measured amount of a medicine inside and which dissolves when you swallow it”

2）表示“（装物或装液体的）小塑料容器”，英文解释为“a small plastic container with a substance or liquid inside”

3）表示“太空舱；航天舱”，英文解释为“the part of a spacecraft in which people travel and that often separates from the main rocket”

📍the return capsule / re-entry capsule 返回舱

The re-entry capsule separated from the propulsion module at 5:35 a.m. and began descending toward Earth, according to the official New China News Agency. State television said the capsule entered China's airspace at roughly 6 a.m. and continued its descent to the ground.

据官方新华社报道，返回舱于早上5点35分与推进舱分离，开始向地球降落。国家电视台说，该返回舱大约在早上6点进入中国领空，并继续降落至地面。

表示“推进；推动力”，英文解释为“a force that pushes something forward”如：wind propulsion 风力推进，a propulsion system 推进系统。

module /ˈmɒdjuːl/ 表示“（航天器独立的）舱”，英文解释为“a part of a spacecraft that can operate independently of the other parts, especially when separate from them”。

Colonel Yang, who is expected to become China's newest hero, took a short, congratulatory telephone call from the Chinese prime minister. The 38-year-old astronaut was reported to be in ''good spirits'' and was first shown in brief television footage emerging from the capsule in his space suit and then waving to cameras.

杨利伟（上校）有望成为中国最新的英雄，他接听了中国总理的简短祝贺电话。据报道，这位38岁的宇航员“精神状态良好”，在简短的电视画面中，他首先穿着太空服走出太空舱，然后向摄像机挥手。

表示“（描述某一事件的）片段镜头”，英文解释为“Footage of a particular event is a film of it or the part of a film which shows this event.”举个🌰：

They are planning to show exclusive footage from this summer's festivals. 

他们计划独家播放今年夏季节日活动的片断镜头。

补充：

📍closed-circuit footage指的是监控录像画面；

📍CCTV：此CCTV非彼CCTV，其中的CC就是Closed Circuit的缩写，TV就是电视Television的缩写。

📍 那么CCTV，闭路电视什么意思呢？据维基百科，闭路电视（简称CCTV）是指在特定的区域进行视频传输，并只在固定回路设备里播放的电视系统。例如录像机、大楼内的监视器等。这类播放模式就被称作闭路电视。下次看看你可以观察下监控摄像头墙边上是不是有CCTV的字样。

The safe landing meant China could take its place as one of the world's space-faring nations at a time when the United States shuttle program remains grounded following the Columbia disaster and the Russian program is suffering from budget restraints. Nations like India and Japan, while offering congratulations to China, are now racing to match its achievement of manned space flight.

安全着陆意味着中国可以成为世界上的航天国家之一，而此时美国的航天飞机计划在哥伦比亚号灾难后仍被搁置，俄罗斯的计划也受到预算限制的影响。像印度和日本这样的国家，在向中国表示祝贺的同时，现在正竞相追赶其载人航天飞行的成就。

表示“宇宙飞行，航天”，英文解释为“the activity of travelling in space”举个🌰：

Debris in orbit is a growing hazard to spacefaring.

轨道上的碎片给宇宙飞行带来的危险越来越大。

1）表示“使停飞；阻止…起飞”，英文解释为“to prevent an aircraft from taking off”举个🌰：

All planes out of Tehran have been grounded by the accident.

所有由德黑兰起飞的飞机均因此事故而停飞。  

2）表示“（使）搁浅，触海底”，英文解释为“when a boat grounds or sth grounds it, it touches the bottom of the sea and is unable to move”举个🌰：

The fishing boat had been grounded on rocks off the coast of Tehran.

渔船在德黑兰海岸外礁石上搁浅了。

''It's significant that we now have a third nation to send a man into space,'' said Roger Launius, the former chief historian for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. But Mr. Launius noted that the mission was making few waves in the United States and Russia, where sending astronauts into near-orbit of the Earth is commonplace.

美国国家航空航天局前首席历史学家罗杰·劳尼厄斯（Roger Launius）说：“我们现在有了第三个将人送入太空的国家，这很有意义。”但劳尼厄斯先生指出，这项任务在美国和俄罗斯几乎没有引起什么波澜，在那里，将宇航员送入地球的近轨道是很平常的事。

表示“平常的；常见的；普通的；普遍的”，英文解释为“happening often or often seen or experienced and so not considered to be special”，举个🌰：

Electric cars are increasingly commonplace.

电动汽车越来越普及了。

🎬电影《偷书贼》（The Book Thief）中的台词提到：Unfortunately, I'm far more ordinary and commonplace. 不幸的是 我其实非常平凡。

''In the overall scheme of things, this is not a technologically mesmerizing event,'' Mr. Launius said. ''A lot of people are saying, 'Been there, done that.' ''

劳尼厄斯先生说：“从整体上看，这不是一件技术上特别吸引人的事。很多人都在说，‘去过了，做过了。’”

mesmerizing /ˈmezməraɪzɪŋ/ 表示“吸引人的，迷人的”，英文解释为“very attractive, in a mysterious way, making you want to keep looking”举个🌰：

He had the most mesmerizing blue eyes.

他有一双非常迷人的蓝眼睛。

In China, though, the Shenzhou 5, or Divine Vessel, has carried great political and symbolic significance for a nation eager to be regarded as a technologically advanced and modern.

不过，在中国，神舟五号，或称神舟，对于一个渴望被视为技术先进和现代的国家来说，具有巨大的政治和象征意义。

1）表示“神的；像神一样的”，英文解释为“connected with a god, or like a god”举个🌰：

Some fans seem to regard the players as divine beings.

有些球迷似乎把球员神化了。

2）表示“极好的，美妙的，美好的”，英文解释为“extremely good, pleasant, or enjoyable”举个🌰：

We had a perfectly divine time in Shanghai.

我们在上海度过了一段非常美好的时光。

Throughout the day on Wednesday, the government-run television network, CCTV, provided exhaustive coverage of the orbiting spacecraft, a marked contrast to the scant information provided before the launching. By the end of the day, the formerly obscure Colonel Yang was all over television and the Internet.

周三全天，中央电视台，对轨道上的航天器进行了详尽的报道，这与发射前提供的少量信息形成了明显对比。到当天结束时，以前默默无闻的杨利伟在电视和互联网上到处可见。

表示“彻底的；详尽的；全面的”，英文解释为“complete and including everything”如：an exhaustive study/report 全面的研究/详尽的报告。

表示“少量的；不足的；贫乏的”，英文解释为“very little and not enough”举个🌰：

He pays scant attention to the needs of his children.

他很少关注自己孩子的需求。

obscure /əbˈskjʊə/ 表示“无名的；鲜为人知的；默默无闻的”，英文解释为“not known to many people”。

Colonel Yang seems unlikely to get much sleep in the coming days. The rough outlines of his life have already become known in households throughout China. He was born in 1965 in Liaoning Province in northeast China. He is a former fighter pilot in the Chinese Air Force, who logged 1,350 hours of flight before becoming an astronaut in 1998.

在接下来的日子里，杨利伟似乎不太可能睡得着。他生活的大致轮廓已经在全中国家喻户晓。他于1965年出生在中国东北的辽宁省。他曾是中国空军的一名战斗机飞行员，在1998年成为一名宇航员之前，他的飞行时间达到了1350小时。

表示“行驶，行进（若干距离或时间）”，英文解释为“to travel a particular distance or for a particular length of time‍”举个🌰：

The pilot has logged 1000 hours in the air.

这位飞行员有1000 小时的飞行记录。

In an interview taped with CCTV days before the launching when he was still one of three finalists for the mission, Colonel Yang was comfortable and largely unscripted, talking about training exercises with high gravitational forces that forced tears to roll from astronauts' eyes. He said he was not frightened of space travel and told a story of landing a fighter jet after one of his engines failed.

在发射前几天接受中央电视台的采访时，他仍然是这次任务的三名入围者之一，杨利伟表现得很自如，而且基本上没有什么稿子，他谈到了超重训练，这些训练使得眼泪不由自主往外流。他说他对太空旅行并不感到害怕，并讲了一个在一架战斗机的一个引擎发生故障后降落的故事。

表示“入围决赛者，决赛选手”，英文解释为“a person or group competing in a final”。

表示“（广播、演讲等）不用稿子的；不事前准备的”，英文解释为“an unscripted broadcast, speech etc is not written or planned before it is made”；

类似的：

📍impromptu：/ɪmˈprɒmptjuː/ 表示“无准备的；即兴的；即席的”（done or said without any preparation or planning），如：impromptu speech/meeting 即兴演讲/临时会议。

📍 xtemporaneous：/ɪk‚stempə'reɪniəs/ 表示“即兴的，无准备的”（done or said without any preparation or planning） ，如：an extemporaneous speech 即席演讲。

He said he liked to play Ping Pong and basketball, but also described a life greatly constrained by astronaut training. He said he eats all of his meals at the space program's canteen and that he had never been able to take his son to kindergarten. He said he had never met his son's teachers and knows them only by name.

他说他喜欢打乒乓球和篮球，但也描述了被宇航员训练大大制约的生活。他说他所有的饭菜都是在太空项目的食堂吃的，而且他从来没有能够带他的儿子去幼儿园。他说他从未见过他儿子的老师，只知道他们的名字。

表示“限制；约束；束缚”，英文解释为“to control and limit something”举个🌰：

The company's progress was constrained by a leader who refused to look forward.

公司领导缺乏发展眼光限制了公司的进步。

He also was humble. Asked if he would claim individual honor from the Shenzhou 5, he demurred, saying ''it is a matter of collective honor'' for all 14 astronauts who trained for the mission.

他也很谦虚。当被问及他是否会要求获得神舟五号的个人荣誉时，他不以为然，说“这是一个集体荣誉的问题”，所有14名为这次任务进行训练的宇航员都是如此。

表示“提出异议；拒绝”，英文解释为“to express disagreement or refuse to do something”举个🌰：

The lawyer requested a break in the court case, but the judge demurred.

律师请求休庭，但法官没有同意。

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