东京奥运出现首例兴奋剂事件

今天，田径诚信委员会（Athletics Integrity Unit, AIU）宣布，尼日利亚短跑女将布莱辛·奥卡巴雷（Blessing Okagbare）药检不合格被禁赛，这是东京奥运会开幕后首起兴奋剂事件。

无注释原文：

Nigerian sprinter suspended for HGH hours before Olympic run

AP

Nigerian sprinter Blessing Okagbare was provisionally suspended for doping Saturday, hours before the former world championships silver medalist was due to run in the semifinals of the women’s 100 meters at the Olympics.

Okagbare tested positive for human growth hormone in an out-of-competition test on July 19, four days before the Olympics opened, the Athletics Integrity Unit said, prompting a mandatory provisional suspension.

The results of that test were only received by track and field’s anti-doping body late Friday and after Okagbare had already run in the 100 heats on the opening day of track competition at the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo, the AIU said.

She won her heat in 11.05 seconds and was due to run in the semifinals on Saturday. The highly-anticipated women’s 100 final is the last event on the day’s track schedule.

The AIU informed Okagbare of her suspension on Saturday morning, it said, ruling her out of the 100 and likely ending her Olympics. Under doping regulations, she is allowed to request that a “B” sample — or backup sample — is tested to double-check the results.

The 32-year-old Okagbare won a silver medal in the long jump at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and at the 2013 world championships. She also collected a bronze in the 200 meters at the 2013 worlds in Moscow behind gold medal winner Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, who is the favorite for the 100 title in Tokyo. Okagbare did the 100-200 double at the 2014 Commonwealth Games.

Okagbare’s suspension came three days after the AIU announced that 10 track and field athletes from Nigeria were among a group of 20 from various countries who were disqualified from competing at the Olympics because they hadn’t met minimum doping test requirements. The AIU didn’t name any of those athletes.

Nigeria is considered a high-risk country by the AIU because of a brittle anti-doping program. Because of that, Nigerian athletes must have at least three out-of-competition tests in the 10 months before a major championship. Nigeria was moved into the high-risk category last year, when the problems with its anti-doping program were described as “very serious” by AIU chairman David Howman.

Some Nigerian athletes who said they were among those who were barred from the Olympics by the AIU protested on the streets of Tokyo this week. They held up signs claiming Nigerian sports and anti-doping authorities were responsible for them not meeting the testing criteria.

Kenya dropped two runners from its Olympic team just before the Tokyo Games opened because they had not undergone enough out-of-competition tests in the buildup to the Olympics.

There are seven “Category A” countries on the AIU’s watchlist: Belarus, Bahrain, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria and Ukraine.

Their anti-doping programs have been further hampered by the coronavirus pandemic and related travel restrictions, which have made it even harder to conduct tests and keep checks on athletes when they are not in competition.

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📍注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

Nigerian sprinter suspended for HGH hours before Olympic run

AP

Nigerian sprinter Blessing Okagbare was provisionally suspended for doping Saturday, hours before the former world championships silver medalist was due to run in the semifinals of the women's 100 meters at the Olympics.

尼日利亚短跑运动员布莱辛·奥卡巴雷（Blessing Okagbare）周六因使用兴奋剂而被临时停赛，此时，这位前世锦赛银牌得主正准备参加奥运会女子100米半决赛。

sprinter表示“短跑选手；短程赛选手；短跑运动员”。

sprint /sprɪnt/表示“短跑比赛；短距离速度竞赛”，英文解释为“a race in which the people taking part run, swim, etc. very fast over a short distance”

区分：

📍sprite /spraɪt/表示“（传说中的）小仙子，小精灵，小妖精”（a small creature with magic powers, especially one that likes playing tricks）也是雪碧的英文商标名。

形容词provisional，表示“临时的，暂时的，暂定的”，英文解释为“likely or able to be changed in the future”副词provisionally，举个🌰：

We accept provisional bookings by phone.

我们接受电话临时预约。

1）表示“暂停”，英文解释为“If you suspend something, you delay it or stop it from happening for a while or until a decision is made about it”举个🌰：

The union suspended the action this week.

工会本周暂停了这一行动。

2）表示“使停职”，英文解释为“If someone is suspended, they are prevented from holding a particular job or position for a fixed length of time or until a decision is made about them.”举个🌰：

Julie was suspended from her job shortly after the incident.

该事件发生后不久，朱莉被停职了。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述英国房价上涨的文章中提到：Britain has temporarily suspended stamp duty, a tax on buying houses. 英国已经暂停征收购房印花税。

1）可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“兴奋剂”，英文解释为“a drug that is taken by a person or given to an animal to affect their performance in a race or sport”举个🌰：

The athlete failed a  dope test (= a medical test showed that he had taken such drugs).

这个运动员未能通过药检。

2）表示“麻醉剂，毒品（尤指大麻，在美国尤指海洛因）”，英文解释为“a drug that is taken illegally for pleasure, especially cannabis or, in the US,  heroin.”

表示“奖牌获得者”，英文解释为“a person who has won a medal in sport”举个🌰：

She's a bronze medallist in judo.

她是柔道铜牌获得者。

Okagbare tested positive for human growth hormone in an out-of-competition test on July 19, four days before the Olympics opened, the Athletics Integrity Unit said, prompting a mandatory provisional suspension.

田径诚信委员会（Athletics Integrity Unit, AIU）表示，奥卡巴雷在7月19日，即奥运会开幕前四天的一次赛外检测中人体生长激素呈阳性，将导致她被强制临时停赛。

表示“激素；荷尔蒙”，英文解释为“a chemical substance produced in the body or in a plant that encourages growth or influences how the cells and tissues function; an artificial substance that has similar effects”，如：growth hormones 生长激素。

作动词，表示“促使；导致；激起”，英文解释为“to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to happen”举个🌰：

His speech prompted an angry outburst from a man in the crowd.

他的讲话激起了人群中一男子的愤怒。

📺美剧《斯巴达克斯：血与沙》（Spartacus: Blood and Sand）中的台词提到：One cannot but wonder what would prompt such an act 不知他们为何遭此不幸。

表示“强制的；法定的；义务的”，英文解释为“required by law”举个🌰：

It is mandatory for blood banks to test all donated blood for the virus.

血库必须检查所有捐献的血是否含有这种病毒。

The results of that test were only received by track and field's anti-doping body late Friday and after Okagbare had already run in the 100 heats on the opening day of track competition at the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo, the AIU said.

田径诚信委员会说，田径（track and field）反兴奋剂机构在周五晚些时候才收到该检测结果，而且是在奥卡巴雷已经在东京奥林匹克体育场的田径比赛开幕式上进行了100米热身赛之后。

熟词僻义，表示“预赛，小组赛”，英文解释为“a less important race or competition in which it is decided who will compete in the final event”。

She won her heat in 11.05 seconds and was due to run in the semifinals on Saturday. The highly-anticipated women's 100 final is the last event on the day's track schedule.

她以11.05秒的成绩赢得了预赛，并将于周六参加半决赛。备受瞩目的女子100米决赛是当天田径赛程中的最后一个项目。

The AIU informed Okagbare of her suspension on Saturday morning, it said, ruling her out of the 100 and likely ending her Olympics. Under doping regulations, she is allowed to request that a “B” sample — or backup sample — is tested to double-check the results.

田径诚信委员会周六上午通知奥卡巴雷她被禁赛了，它说，她被禁止参加100米比赛，并可能终止她的奥运会之旅。根据兴奋剂条例，她有权要求对“B”样本--或备用样本--进行检测，以复核检测结果。

表示“把…排除在外；拒绝考虑；使无法参加”，英文解释为“If someone rules you out of a contest or activity, they say that you cannot be involved in it. If something rules you out of a contest or activity, it prevents you from being involved in it. To decide or say officially that something is impossible or will not happen, or that something or someone is not suitable”举个🌰：

The police haven't yet ruled out murder.

警察尚未排除谋杀的可能性。

表示“复核，复查”，英文解释为“If you double-check something, you make certain it is correct or safe, usually by examining it again.”

The 32-year-old Okagbare won a silver medal in the long jump at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and at the 2013 world championships. She also collected a bronze in the 200 meters at the 2013 worlds in Moscow behind gold medal winner Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, who is the favorite for the 100 title in Tokyo. Okagbare did the 100-200 double at the 2014 Commonwealth Games.

32岁的奥卡巴雷在2008年北京奥运会和2013年世锦赛上赢得了跳远（long jump）银牌。她还在2013年莫斯科世界锦标赛上获得了200米铜牌，仅次于金牌得主安·弗雷泽（Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce），后者是东京奥运会100米夺冠热门。奥卡巴雷在2014年英联邦运动会上包揽100米、200米双金。

此处的favorite/favourite不再是形容词，而是作为名词，指“最有希望获胜的人（或动物）；比赛中最被看好的人（或动物）”，英文解释为“the person or animal most people expect to win a race or competition”，举个🌰：

Brazil are favourites to win this year's World Cup.

巴西队是今年世界杯赛的夺冠热门。

📍也可以表示“受宠的人；受偏爱的人”，英文解释为：a person who is treated with special kindness by someone in authority. 如：the teacher's favourite 老师的宠儿。

Okagbare's suspension came three days after the AIU announced that 10 track and field athletes from Nigeria were among a group of 20 from various countries who were disqualified from competing at the Olympics because they hadn't met minimum doping test requirements. The AIU didn't name any of those athletes.

在奥卡巴雷被禁赛的三天前，田径诚信委员会宣布，来自不同国家的20名运动员，因为没有达到最低的兴奋剂检测要求而被取消了奥运会的参赛资格，其中有10名尼日利亚的田径运动员。田径诚信委员会没有透露这些运动员的姓名。

表示“取消…的资格，剥夺…的资格”，英文解释为“to stop someone from being in a competition or doing something because they are unsuitable or they have done something wrong”举个🌰：

He's been disqualified from driving for a year.

他被取消驾驶资格一年。

📺美剧《兄弟姐妹》（Brothers & Sisters）中的台词提到：it does not disqualify him from being a parent. 这并不能说明他没资格当父母。

Nigeria is considered a high-risk country by the AIU because of a brittle anti-doping program. Because of that, Nigerian athletes must have at least three out-of-competition tests in the 10 months before a major championship. Nigeria was moved into the high-risk category last year, when the problems with its anti-doping program were described as “very serious” by AIU chairman David Howman.

田径诚信委员会认为，尼日利亚（Nigeria）是一个高风险的国家，因为它的反兴奋剂计划极为薄弱。正因为如此，尼日利亚运动员必须在重大锦标赛之前的10个月内至少进行三次赛外检测。去年，尼日利亚被列入高风险类别，当时其反兴奋剂计划的问题被田径诚信委员会主席大卫·霍曼（David Howman）描述为“非常严重”。

1）表示“易碎的，脆的”，英文解释为“delicate and easily broken”举个🌰：

As you get older your bones become increasingly brittle.

随着年龄增长，人的骨头变得越来越脆。

2）表示“不友好的；冷淡的”，英文解释为“unkind and unpleasant”举个🌰：

She gave a brittle laugh and turned away.

她冷笑了一声，转身走了。

Some Nigerian athletes who said they were among those who were barred from the Olympics by the AIU protested on the streets of Tokyo this week. They held up signs claiming Nigerian sports and anti-doping authorities were responsible for them not meeting the testing criteria.

一些尼日利亚运动员说他们是被田径诚信委员会禁止参加奥运会的人之一，他们本周在东京的街头进行抗议。他们举着标语，声称尼日利亚体育和反兴奋剂机构应对他们不符合检测标准负责。

1）表示“挡（路）”，英文解释为“If you bar someone's way, you prevent them from going somewhere or entering a place, by blocking their path.”举个🌰：

She moved to bar his way. 

她过去挡住了他的路。

2）表示“禁止，阻止”，英文解释为“If someone is barred from a place or from doing something, they are officially forbidden to go there or to do it.”举个🌰：

The players are barred from drinking alcohol the night before a match.

运动员在参赛前夜不得喝酒。

🎬电影《逆转王牌》（Runner Runner）中的台词提到：He said I'd be barred from re-entering the country.他说我下次回国时会被禁止入境。

Kenya dropped two runners from its Olympic team just before the Tokyo Games opened because they had not undergone enough out-of-competition tests in the buildup to the Olympics.

就在东京奥运会开幕前，肯尼亚（Kenya）从其奥运代表队中淘汰了两名选手，因为他们在奥运会前的准备阶段没有接受足够的赛外检测。

表示“将…排除在外；开除；使离队”，英文解释为“to stop including someone in a group or team”举个🌰：

He's been dropped from the team because of injury.

他因受伤而未能入选球队。

表示“经历，经受，遭受”，英文解释为“if you undergo a change, an unpleasant experience etc, it happens to you or is done to you”举个🌰：He underwent major surgery in 2020.

他在2020年时动过大手术。

表示“事前准备期”，英文解释为“the period of preparation before something happens”举个🌰：

There was a lot of excitement in the build-up to the Olympics.

奥运的前期准备工作中有许多让人激动的事。

There are seven “Category A” countries on the AIU’s watchlist: Belarus, Bahrain, Ethiopia, Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria and Ukraine.

在田径诚信委员会的观察名单上有七个“A类”国家。白俄罗斯、巴林、埃塞俄比亚、肯尼亚、摩洛哥、尼日利亚和乌克兰。

Their anti-doping programs have been further hampered by the coronavirus pandemic and related travel restrictions, which have made it even harder to conduct tests and keep checks on athletes when they are not in competition.

这些国家的反兴奋剂计划因冠状病毒大流行和相关的旅行限制而进一步受阻，这使得在运动员不参加比赛时进行测试和检查更加困难。

表示“阻碍，妨碍”，英文解释为“to prevent someone doing something easily”举个🌰：

Fierce storms have been hampering rescue efforts and there is now little chance of finding more survivors.

猛烈的暴风雨妨碍了救援工作的进行，现在找到更多生还者的希望已经很渺茫了。

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