为什么刘畊宏突然爆火

近日，在上海居家隔离的@刘畊宏willliu，靠着直播燃脂健身操，7天涨了1000多万粉丝，成了直播界的“现象级”博主。

无注释原文：

Fitness livestreamer teaches in down jacket to avoid censorship

Global Times

Apr 11, 2022

With the popularity of livestreaming platforms, there has been a strict crackdown on livestreamers who may be involved in fraud or pornography. But sometimes, the strict censorship may bring funny stories. Recently, Liu Genghong, a popular singer and composer, was misjudged as "sideswipe" and was banned from a livestreaming platform because he wore a tight top which made his chest muscles look like a woman's breasts.

According to Liu, he and his wife were wearing a white tight top with orange pants to teach netizens how to exercise at home and keep in shape on April 6. Unexpectedly, only halfway through the live broadcast, Liu's live broadcast was suddenly closed by the platform, leaving netizens who were watching confused. The next day, Liu appeared again on the livestreaming wearing a down jacket.

"It was so hot inside! But we couldn't find the reason, so we assumed it was because of the clothing, so my wife and I put on down jackets and covered ourselves up. It was funny," Liu explained on Sunday. Netizens were amused by his outfit. "At the very least, this shows that pornography censorship on livestreaming platforms is becoming more stringent," One netizen commented.

1 Minute of All-Out Exercise May Have Benefits of 45 Minutes of Moderate Exertion

The New York Times

Apr 28, 2016

For many of us, the most pressing question about exercise is: How little can I get away with? The answer, according to a sophisticated new study of interval training, may be very, very little. In this new experiment, in fact, 60 seconds of strenuous exertion proved to be as successful at improving health and fitness as three-quarters of an hour of moderate exercise.

Let me repeat that finding: One minute of arduous exercise was comparable in its physiological effects to 45 minutes of gentler sweating.

I have been writing for some time about the potential benefits of high-intensity interval training, a type of workout that consists of an extremely draining but brief burst of exercise — essentially, a sprint — followed by light exercise such as jogging or resting, then another sprint, more rest, and so on.

Athletes rely on intervals to improve their speed and power, but generally as part of a broader, weekly training program that also includes prolonged, less-intense workouts, such as long runs.

But in the past few years, exercise scientists and many of the rest of us have become intrigued by the idea of exercising exclusively with intervals, ditching long workouts altogether.

The allure of this approach is obvious. Interval sessions can be short, making them a boon for anyone who feels that he or she never has enough time to exercise.

Previously, I have written about a number of different interval programs, involving anywhere from 10 minutes of exhausting intervals in a single session to seven minutes, six, four and even fewer. Each program had scientific backing. But because of time and funding constraints, most studies of interval training have had limits, such as not including a control group, being of short duration or studying only health or fitness results, not both.

Consequently, fundamental questions have remained unanswered about just how well these very short, very intense workouts really stack up against traditional, endurance-style training.

So scientists at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, who had themselves conducted many of those earlier studies of interval training, decided recently to mount probably the most scientifically rigorous comparison to date of super-short and more-standard workouts.

They began by recruiting 25 out-of-shape young men and measuring their current aerobic fitness and, as a marker of general health, their body’s ability to use insulin properly to regulate blood sugar levels. The scientists also biopsied the men’s muscles to examine how well their muscles functioned at a cellular level.

Then the researchers randomly divided the men into three groups. (The scientists plan to study women in subsequent experiments.) One group was asked to change nothing about their current, virtually nonexistent exercise routines; they would be the controls.

A second group began a typical endurance-workout routine, consisting of riding at a moderate pace on a stationary bicycle at the lab for 45 minutes, with a two-minute warm-up and three-minute cool down.

The final group was assigned to interval training, using the most abbreviated workout yet to have shown benefits. Specifically, the volunteers warmed up for two minutes on stationary bicycles, then pedaled as hard as possible for 20 seconds; rode at a very slow pace for two minutes, sprinted all-out again for 20 seconds; recovered with slow riding for another two minutes; pedaled all-out for a final 20 seconds; then cooled down for three minutes. The entire workout lasted 10 minutes, with only one minute of that time being strenuous.

Both groups of exercising volunteers completed three sessions each week for 12 weeks, a period of time that is about twice as long as in most past studies of interval training.

By the end of the study, published in PLOS One, the endurance group had ridden for 27 hours, while the interval group had ridden for six hours, with only 36 minutes of that time being strenuous.

But when the scientists retested the men’s aerobic fitness, muscles and blood-sugar control now, they found that the exercisers showed virtually identical gains, whether they had completed the long endurance workouts or the short, grueling intervals. In both groups, endurance had increased by nearly 20 percent, insulin resistance likewise had improved significantly, and there were significant increases in the number and function of certain microscopic structures in the men’s muscles that are related to energy production and oxygen consumption.

There were no changes in health or fitness evident in the control group.

The upshot of these results is that three months of concerted endurance or interval exercise can notably — and almost identically — improve someone’s fitness and health.

Neither approach to exercise was, however, superior to the other, except that one was shorter — much, much shorter.

Is that reason enough for people who currently exercise moderately or not at all to begin interval training as their only workout?

“It depends on who you are and why you exercise,” said Martin Gibala, a professor of kinesiology at McMaster University who oversaw the new study.

“If you are an elite athlete, then obviously incorporating both endurance and interval training into an overall program maximizes performance. But if you are someone, like me, who just wants to boost health and fitness and you don’t have 45 minutes or an hour to work out, our data show that you can get big benefits from even a single minute of intense exercise.”

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

Fitness livestreamer teaches in down jacket to avoid censorship

Global Times

Apr 11, 2022

With the popularity of livestreaming platforms, there has been a strict crackdown on livestreamers who may be involved in fraud or pornography. But sometimes, the strict censorship may bring funny stories. Recently, Liu Genghong, a popular singer and composer, was misjudged as "sideswipe" and was banned from a livestreaming platform because he wore a tight top which made his chest muscles look like a woman's breasts.

随着直播平台的普及，对可能涉及欺诈或色情的主播将受到严厉打击。但有时，严格的审查制度可能带来有趣的故事。最近，广受欢迎的歌手、作曲家刘畊宏被误判为“打擦边球”，并被禁止直播，因为他穿了一件紧身上衣，使其胸部肌肉看起来像女性乳房。

livestream/live-stream 表示“互联网直播，线上直播，流直播”，英文解释为“to broadcast video and sound of an event over the internet as it happens, or to be broadcast in this way”。

表示“制裁；处罚；打击；镇压”，英文解释为“a situation in which someone starts to deal with bad or illegal behaviour in a more severe way”举个🌰：

There has been a series of government crackdowns on safety in factories.

针对工厂安全问题，政府有一系列的处罚措施。

1）表示“欺诈罪；欺骗罪”，英文解释为“the crime of cheating sb in order to get money or goods illegally”；

2）表示“骗子；行骗的人”，英文解释为“a person who pretends to have qualities, abilities, etc. that they do not really have in order to cheat other people”。

📍类似的：scam

pornography /pɔːˈnɒɡrəfɪ/ 表示“淫秽作品；色情书刊（或电影等）”，英文解释为“books, magazines, films, etc. with no artistic value that describe or show sexual acts or naked people in a way that is intended to be sexually exciting”。

表示“审查，审查制度”，英文解释为“the act of censoring books, films, etc.”如：censorship of the press 新闻审查制度。

表示“（尤指古典音乐的）创作者；作曲者；作曲家”，英文解释为“a person who writes music, especially classical music”。

表示“错误地判断；对…判断不公；错看”，英文解释为“to form an opinion or idea about someone or something that is unfair or wrong”举个🌰：

I thought he wasn't going to support me, but I misjudged him.

我以为他不会支持我，其实我看错了他。

1）表示“擦边撞击；侧撞；擦撞”，英文解释为“a hit from the side”如：a sideswipe by a truck 卡车的擦撞。

2）表示“附带的批评；借机抨击”，英文解释为“a remark attacking something or someone made while talking about something else”举个🌰：

During her lecture on her discoveries, she made/took several sideswipes at the leaders of the expedition.

她在介绍自己那些发现的演讲中，几次顺带批评了管理层。

作名词，熟词僻义，表示“上装，上衣”，英文解释为“any piece of light clothing worn on the part of the body above the waist”如：a skimpy top 暴露的上装。

According to Liu, he and his wife were wearing a white tight top with orange pants to teach netizens how to exercise at home and keep in shape on April 6. Unexpectedly, only halfway through the live broadcast, Liu's live broadcast was suddenly closed by the platform, leaving netizens who were watching confused. The next day, Liu appeared again on the livestreaming wearing a down jacket.

据刘畊宏介绍，4月6日，他和妻子穿着白色紧身上衣搭配橙色裤子，教网友们如何在家锻炼，保持身材。不料，直播只进行到一半，就突然被平台关闭，让正在观看的网友们感到疑惑。第二天，刘畊宏穿着羽绒服再次出现在直播间。

表示“羽绒服；羽绒外套”，英文解释为“a warm jacket filled with the soft feathers of a duck or a goose”

"It was so hot inside! But we couldn't find the reason, so we assumed it was because of the clothing, so my wife and I put on down jackets and covered ourselves up. It was funny," Liu explained on Sunday. Netizens were amused by his outfit. "At the very least, this shows that pornography censorship on livestreaming platforms is becoming more stringent," One netizen commented.

“里面太热了！但我们找不到原因，所以我们认为这是因为衣服的原因，所以我和我的妻子穿上了羽绒服，把自己包起来。很有意思，”刘畊宏周日解释说。网民们被他的打扮逗乐了。一位网民评论说：“至少，这表明直播平台的色情审查越来越严格。”

1）表示“假定；假设；认为”，英文解释为“to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it”举个🌰：

It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.

普遍认为，紧张是工作过重所致。

2）表示“承担，担任；僭取，夺取；呈现，具有”，英文解释为“to take or begin to have responsibility or control, sometimes without the right to do so, or to begin to have a characteristic”举个🌰：

The new president assumes office at midnight tonight.

新总统在今晚午夜就职。

outfit表示“全套服装，装束（尤指为某场合或目的）”（a set of clothes that you wear together, especially for a particular occasion or purpose）如：a wedding outfit 一套结婚礼服。

stringent /ˈstrɪndʒənt/ 表示“严格的；严厉的”，英文解释为“very strict and that must be obeyed”，如：stringent air quality regulations 严格的空气质量管理条例。

1 Minute of All-Out Exercise May Have Benefits of 45 Minutes of Moderate Exertion 高效健身，1分钟抵得上45分钟

The New York Times

Apr 28, 2016

For many of us, the most pressing question about exercise is: How little can I get away with? The answer, according to a sophisticated new study of interval training, may be very, very little. In this new experiment, in fact, 60 seconds of strenuous exertion proved to be as successful at improving health and fitness as three-quarters of an hour of moderate exercise.

对我们很多人来说，关于锻炼最迫切的问题是：我最少需要锻炼多长时间？关于间歇性训练（interval training）的一项复杂的新研究表明，你只需要锻炼很短很短的时间。实际上，在这项新实验中，60秒钟的高强度运动被证明和45分钟的中等强度锻炼在改善健康状况和身体机能方面的作用是一样的。

1）表示“将就着做成；勉强应付过去”，英文解释为“to do something successfully although it is not the best way of doing it”举个🌰：

Do you think we could get away with just one coat of paint on that wall?

你觉得那墙就刷一遍漆能行吗？

2）表示“做（错事）而未被惩罚，做（坏事）而未被发觉”，英文解释为“to succeed in avoiding punishment for something”举个🌰：

If I thought I could get away with it, I wouldn't pay my taxes at all.

如果我认为逃税可以不受处罚的话，我就干脆一分钱都不交了。

sophisticated /səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtɪd/ 1）表示“老练的；久经世故的”，英文解释为“Someone who is sophisticated is comfortable in social situations and knows about culture, fashion, and other matters that are considered socially important.”举个🌰：

He was a charming, sophisticated companion. 

他是个有魅力、见多识广的伙伴。

2）表示“干练的”，英文解释为“A sophisticated person is intelligent and knows a lot, so that they are able to understand complicated situations.”举个🌰：

These people are very sophisticated observers of the foreign policy scene.

这些人是外交政策领域干练的观察家。

3）表示“高级的；复杂的”，英文解释为“A sophisticated machine, device, or method is more advanced or complex than others.”举个🌰：

Honeybees use one of the most sophisticated communication systems of any insect.

蜜蜂所使用的交流系统是昆虫中最复杂的之一。

strenuous /ˈstren.ju.əs/ 表示“费力的；繁重的；艰苦的”，英文解释为“needing great effort and energy”，如：a strenuous climb 艰难的攀登。举个🌰：

His doctor advised him not to do any strenuous exercise.

他的医生建议他不要做任何剧烈运动。

对比：

📍arduous /ˈɑːdjʊəs/ 表示“艰苦的；艰难的”，英文解释为“involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time”，如：an arduous journey across the Andes 翻越安第斯山脉的艰苦之行。

exertion /ɪɡˈzɜː.ʃən/ 1）表示“尽力；努力；费力”，英文解释为“the use of a lot of mental or physical effort”举个🌰：

I get out of breath with any kind of physical exertion.

我一干点体力活就上气不接下气。

2）表示“运用；行使（权威、权力等）；施加（影响等）”，英文解释为“the use of something such as authority, power, influence, etc. in order to make something happen”如：the exertion of influence over who was appointed to the job 对于被授予该职位的人施以影响。

Let me repeat that finding: One minute of arduous exercise was comparable in its physiological effects to 45 minutes of gentler sweating.

我再重复一遍这项发现：一分钟高强度锻炼的生理效果与45分钟温和运动的效果是一样的。

表示“生理学的”，英文解释为“relating to the way in which the bodies of living things work”举个🌰：

Touching causes a physiological reaction.

触摸引起生理反应。

I have been writing for some time about the potential benefits of high-intensity interval training, a type of workout that consists of an extremely draining but brief burst of exercise — essentially, a sprint — followed by light exercise such as jogging or resting, then another sprint, more rest, and so on.

我撰写关于高强度间歇性训练潜在益处的文章已经有一段时间了。这种锻炼包括非常费力的短时爆发性运动——比如冲刺——随后进行慢跑等轻度运动或休息，然后再冲刺，再休息，如此循环。

表示“（身体）锻炼，训练”，英文解释为“a period of physical exercise”如：a light workout 运动量小的锻炼。

可以作名词，也可以作动词，sprint /sprɪnt/ 表示“短距离快速奔跑，冲刺”，英文解释为“to run as fast as you can over a short distance, either in a race or because you are in a great hurry to get somewhere”举个🌰：

We had to sprint to catch the bus.

我们不得不飞跑着去赶公共汽车。

📍sprinter表示“短跑选手；短程赛选手；短跑运动员”。

区分：

📍sprite /spraɪt/表示“（传说中的）小仙子，小精灵，小妖精”（a small creature with magic powers, especially one that likes playing tricks）也是雪碧的英文商标名。

Athletes rely on intervals to improve their speed and power, but generally as part of a broader, weekly training program that also includes prolonged, less-intense workouts, such as long runs.

运动员们依靠间歇性训练来提高速度，增强力量，不过通常是作为内容更丰富的每周训练项目的一部分——后者还包括时间较长、强度较低的锻炼，比如长跑。

表示“延续很久的，长期的”，英文解释为“continuing for a long time”举个🌰：

Prolonged use of the drug is known to have harmful side-effects.

据了解，长期服用此药会产生对人体有害的副作用。

But in the past few years, exercise scientists and many of the rest of us have become intrigued by the idea of exercising exclusively with intervals, ditching long workouts altogether.

但是在过去几年里，运动科学家们以及其他很多人对只进行间歇性训练、完全抛弃长时间锻炼的想法产生了兴趣。

表示“（尤指因奇怪、不寻常或神秘而）使很感兴趣，迷住”，英文解释为“to interest someone a lot, especially by being strange, unusual, or mysterious”举个🌰：

Throughout history, people have been intrigued by the question of whether there is intelligent life elsewhere in the universe.

纵观历史，人们一直被这样一个问题吸引着：宇宙的其他地方是否也存在着有智力的生物？

1）作名词，表示“道沟；沟渠”，英文解释为“A ditch is a long narrow channel cut into the ground at the side of a road or field.”

2）作动词，表示“抛弃，遗弃，丢弃”，英文解释为“to get rid of something or someone that is no longer wanted”举个🌰：

She ditched her boyfriend.

她把男朋友给甩了。

📍在FOX主播翠西被解约文中就提到过，《每日野兽》新闻周刊（Daily Beast）在标题中用的就是Ditch，指甩了某人。

The allure of this approach is obvious. Interval sessions can be short, making them a boon for anyone who feels that he or she never has enough time to exercise.

这种方法的诱惑很明显。间歇性训练的时间可以很短，适合任何感觉自己永远没有足够时间锻炼的人。

allure /əˈljʊə/ 表示“诱惑；魅力；吸引力”，英文解释为“the quality of being attractive, interesting, or exciting”如：the allure of working in television 电视行业工作所具有的吸引力。

表示“提高生活质量的东西；有用之物；福音”，英文解释为“something that is very helpful and improves the quality of life”举个🌰：

Guide dogs are a great boon to the partially sighted.

导盲犬对视力有障碍的人来说是非常有用的。

Previously, I have written about a number of different interval programs, involving anywhere from 10 minutes of exhausting intervals in a single session to seven minutes, six, four and even fewer. Each program had scientific backing. But because of time and funding constraints, most studies of interval training have had limits, such as not including a control group, being of short duration or studying only health or fitness results, not both.

之前，我写过很多关于不同间歇性训练项目的文章，从单次10分钟强力训练到七分钟、六分钟、四分钟，甚至时间更短的强力训练。每个项目都有科学依据。但是由于时间和资金限制，大部分关于间歇性训练的研究都有局限性，比如没有对照组，实验时间短，只研究对改善健康或身体机能的作用，而不是同时研究对这两者的作用。

表示“限制；束缚；约束”，英文解释为“something that controls what you do by keeping you within particular limits”举个🌰：

The constraints of politeness wouldn't allow her to say what she really thought about his cooking.

出于礼貌，她不会说出自己对他的厨艺的真实看法。

Consequently, fundamental questions have remained unanswered about just how well these very short, very intense workouts really stack up against traditional, endurance-style training.

所以，这些强度很大的短时锻炼能否真的与传统耐力型锻炼相媲美等基本问题依然没有答案。

表示“（和类似事物）相比，比较”，英文解释为“to compare with another thing of a similar type”举个🌰：

The new model of this car just doesn't stack up against previous models (= is not as good as previous models).

这辆小轿车的新型号不如以前的型号。

So scientists at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, who had themselves conducted many of those earlier studies of interval training, decided recently to mount probably the most scientifically rigorous comparison to date of super-short and more-standard workouts.

所以，前不久，安大略省汉密尔顿麦克马斯特大学（McMaster University）的科学家们决定对超短时长锻炼和标准时长锻炼进行比较，它很可能是迄今为止从科学角度来说最严谨的比较。他们之前进行过很多关于间歇性训练的研究。

1）表示“准备；安排；组织；开展，发动”，英文解释为“If you mount a campaign or event, you organize it and make it take place.”举个🌰：

The National Gallery mounted an exhibition of American painting.

国家美术馆举办了美国画展。

📍比如，BBC在重庆公交车坠江一文中提到的，开展大规模救援行动，A huge rescue operation was mounted.

📍纽约时报在全美最严苛反堕胎法案诞生一文中也有用到了mount的这个含义：In the coming days, we will be mounting the fight of our lives — we will take this to court and ensure abortion remains safe and legal. 在未来的日子里，我们将发动我们生命中的斗争--我们将诉诸法庭，确保堕胎仍然安全和合法。

2）表示“逐步增加；增长，上升”，就是increase的高级版，举个🌰：

The death toll continues to mount.

死亡人数持续增加。

📍去年9月，美国电子烟巨头Juul的CEO辞职时，经济学人的文章中用到了As concerns mount这一表达：Juul replaced its chief executive, as concerns mount about the health risks of e-cigarettes.

3）表示“安放，安装；镶嵌；裱贴”，英文解释为“to fix something to a wall, in a frame, etc., so that it can be looked at or used”举个🌰：

The surveillance camera is mounted above the main door.

闭路电视的摄像机安装在大门的上方。

They began by recruiting 25 out-of-shape young men and measuring their current aerobic fitness and, as a marker of general health, their body’s ability to use insulin properly to regulate blood sugar levels. The scientists also biopsied the men’s muscles to examine how well their muscles functioned at a cellular level.

他们招募了25名体型不佳的年轻男子，测量他们当时的有氧适能以及用胰岛素调节血糖的身体机能——后者是反映整体健康水平的标志。科学家们还对这些男人的肌肉进行活检，以检测他们的肌肉在细胞层次的功能。

aerobic /ɛəˈrəʊbɪk/ aerobic表示“有氧的”，英文解释为“Aerobic activity exercises and strengthens your heart and lungs.”

📍反义词：anaerobic /ˌænɛəˈrəʊbɪk/表示“无氧的”（Anaerobic exercise is exercise such as weight training that improves your strength but does not raise your heart rate.）

insulin /ˈɪnsjəlɪn/表示“胰岛素”，英文解释为“a chemical substance produced in the body that controls the amount of sugar in the blood (by influencing the rate at which it is removed); a similar artificial substance given to people whose bodies do not produce enough naturally”举个🌰：

She has to have insulin injections for her diabetes.

她因患有糖尿病必须注射胰岛素。

biopsy  /ˈbaɪɒpsi/ 表示“活组织检查”，英文解释为“the process of removing and examining a small amount of tissue from a sick person, in order to discover more about their illness”

Then the researchers randomly divided the men into three groups. (The scientists plan to study women in subsequent experiments.) One group was asked to change nothing about their current, virtually nonexistent exercise routines; they would be the controls.

然后，科学家们随机把这些男人分成三组（科学家们计划在随后的实验中以女性为研究对象）。有一组被要求对当时的锻炼状态不做任何改变，他们当时实际上没有任何日常锻炼；他们是对照组。

表示“随后的；后来的；之后的；接后的”，英文解释为“happening or coming after sth else”举个🌰：

Subsequent events confirmed our doubts.

后来发生的事证实了我们的怀疑。

A second group began a typical endurance-workout routine, consisting of riding at a moderate pace on a stationary bicycle at the lab for 45 minutes, with a two-minute warm-up and three-minute cool down.

第二组开始进行典型的耐力型锻炼，包括在实验室的固定自行车上以中速骑45分钟，外加两分钟热身和三分钟放松。

The final group was assigned to interval training, using the most abbreviated workout yet to have shown benefits. Specifically, the volunteers warmed up for two minutes on stationary bicycles, then pedaled as hard as possible for 20 seconds; rode at a very slow pace for two minutes, sprinted all-out again for 20 seconds; recovered with slow riding for another two minutes; pedaled all-out for a final 20 seconds; then cooled down for three minutes. The entire workout lasted 10 minutes, with only one minute of that time being strenuous.

最后一组被安排进行间歇性训练，采用最简短但已显示出效果的锻炼方式。具体来讲，志愿者们在固定自行车上热身两分钟，以最快速度骑20秒；然后以非常慢的速度骑两分钟，再全力冲刺20秒；慢骑两分钟以恢复体力；最后再全力冲刺20秒；放松三分钟。整个过程持续10分钟，其中只有一分钟是高强度的。

abbreviate /əˈbriːvɪˌeɪt/ | 表示“缩略，缩写；简称”，英文解释为“to make a word or phrase shorter by using only the first letters of each word”举个🌰：

"LearnAndRecord" is often abbreviated to "LR".

LearnAndRecord常简称为LR。

表示“踩踏板”，英文解释为“to turn or press the pedals on a bicycle or other machine”举个🌰：

You'll have to pedal hard up this hill.

走上坡时你必须用力蹬车。

Both groups of exercising volunteers completed three sessions each week for 12 weeks, a period of time that is about twice as long as in most past studies of interval training.

两组进行锻炼的志愿者每周完成三次训练，持续12周——之前的大部分间歇性训练研究的实验时间是六周左右。

By the end of the study, published in PLOS One, the endurance group had ridden for 27 hours, while the interval group had ridden for six hours, with only 36 minutes of that time being strenuous.

实验结束时，耐力组骑了27个小时，间歇组骑了六个小时，其中只有36分钟是高强度的。该研究发表在《科学公共图书馆·综合》期刊（PLOS One）上。

But when the scientists retested the men’s aerobic fitness, muscles and blood-sugar control now, they found that the exercisers showed virtually identical gains, whether they had completed the long endurance workouts or the short, grueling intervals. In both groups, endurance had increased by nearly 20 percent, insulin resistance likewise had improved significantly, and there were significant increases in the number and function of certain microscopic structures in the men’s muscles that are related to energy production and oxygen consumption.

但是，当科学家们重新检测这些男性的有氧适能、肌肉和血糖控制能力时，他们发现，不管是完成长时间耐力锻炼还是短时间歇性高强度训练，对健康的益处是完全相同的。这两组人的耐力都提高了近20%，胰岛素耐受性也极大提高，某些肌肉显微组织的数量明显增多，功能明显提高——肌肉显微组织与身体活力和耗氧量相关。

gruelling /ˈgrʊəlɪŋ/ 表示“使人的精疲力尽的；艰辛的；让人受不了”，英文解释为“extremely tiring and difficult, and demanding great effort and determination”举个🌰：

Junior doctors often have to work a gruelling 100-hour week.

资历较浅的医生经常必须承受艰巨的工作量，一周工作100小时。

There were no changes in health or fitness evident in the control group.

对照组在健康和身体机能方面没有明显变化。

The upshot of these results is that three months of concerted endurance or interval exercise can notably — and almost identically — improve someone’s fitness and health.

这些结果归纳来说就是，三个月的稳定耐力锻炼或间歇性锻炼都能明显改善身体机能和健康状况，而且改善程度几乎是一样的。

表示“结局；结果”，英文解释为“something that happens as a result of other actions, events, or decisions”举个🌰：

The upshot of the discussions is that there will be no layoffs.

讨论的结果是不会进行裁员。

Neither approach to exercise was, however, superior to the other, except that one was shorter — much, much shorter.

不过，其中任何一种都不比另一种更优越，除了其中一种时间更短——而且是短很多。

Is that reason enough for people who currently exercise moderately or not at all to begin interval training as their only workout?

这个因素是否足以让某些目前进行温和运动或完全不运动的人开始把间歇性训练作为唯一的锻炼方式？

“It depends on who you are and why you exercise,” said Martin Gibala, a professor of kinesiology at McMaster University who oversaw the new study.

“这取决于你的个人情况和运动目的，”主持这项新研究的麦克马斯特大学运动学教授马丁·吉巴拉（Martin Gibala）说。

kinesiology /kɪˌniː.siˈɒl.ə.dʒi/ 表示“人体运动学”，英文解释为“the science of body movement ”举个🌰：

He has studied kinesiology, which has helped him become a more efficient swimmer.

他学习了人体运动学，这帮助他成为一个更有效率的游泳运动员。

“If you are an elite athlete, then obviously incorporating both endurance and interval training into an overall program maximizes performance. But if you are someone, like me, who just wants to boost health and fitness and you don’t have 45 minutes or an hour to work out, our data show that you can get big benefits from even a single minute of intense exercise.”

“如果你是精英运动员，那么把耐力型训练和间歇性训练都加入整体锻炼计划中无疑能最大程度地提高运动表现。但是如果你只是想改善健康状况和身体机能，而且没有45分钟或一个小时的锻炼时间，比如我这样的，那么我们的数据表明，哪怕只进行一分钟的高强度锻炼也能让你大有收获。”

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