幸好毕业得早

又是一年高考时。

无注释原文：

China Tries to Keep Covid Out of Its Grueling College-Entrance Exams

The New York Times

For Chinese students, years of intense studying come down to two or three nine-hour days of testing that will determine where they go to college. Covid-19 has added complications like escaping lockdown or testing in an isolation room.

Temperature checks, masks, and negative P.C.R. test results are the basic prerequisites for the record 11.9 million students who registered to take the exam that started on Tuesday. Some test takers are discouraged from leaving their homes for two weeks before the exam. Others must travel to testing sites in specially arranged vehicles from their homes.

For those who have tested positive for Covid or are a close contact of someone with the virus, isolation or hospital rooms are prepared.

The grueling test determines the less than two percent of candidates who will be able to enroll in the country’s top universities and is a hot topic in Chinese media and social media every June. One image posted by a local government this year showed an ultraviolet lamp being used to disinfect exam papers.

In Beijing, where Covid restrictions were relaxed earlier this week, health officials reminded residential compounds to mute the speakers that blare out pandemic warnings in the days leading up to the exam, to help students concentrate.

On Tuesday, the tabloid Global Times published an editorial cheering on the “online course generation” that spent most of their three years in high school life under the shadow of the coronavirus.

“We sincerely wish the best for every candidate and salute the eternal spirit of struggle,” it said.

China’s university entrance exams are already stressful. Now add covid.

The Washington Post

Zhu Yongtao has spent more than a month locked down at his high school here in southern China so he can take the biggest exam of his life.

On Tuesday morning, under a light drizzle, he strode into an exam hall for the “gaokao,” China’s notoriously grueling college entrance exam.

“I’m still a little bit nervous, even though we’ve prepared a lot,” said Zhu, a bespectacled 17-year-old clad in a blue and white uniform. “It’s definitely motivated us being at school for 40 days. We were able to focus on studying.”

The pandemic has made this tough three-day exam even more challenging. This year, 120 students are taking the gaokao in quarantine centers, and 700 students are taking it from some other sort of lockdown, according to Chinese publication the Paper, citing China’s Ministry of Education. Twelve covid-positive students in Beijing, Liaoning and Sichuan are taking the test from field hospitals.

Unlike in the United States, where college admittance is assessed on a range of factors, in China, it largely comes down to gaokao scores. There’s enormous pressure for students to do well on the test, which can affect the rest of their lives.

“All I can do is call my daughter and tell her to relax,” said a mother standing outside a Shenzhen gaokao test site Tuesday morning, who gave only her surname, Dai. “There’s no need to add to her stress.”

In Shanghai, China’s most populous city, the gaokao has been delayed by a month.

In Shenzhen, a father who only gave his surname, Peng, worried that his daughter faced an uphill battle against high school seniors in cities that have had fewer lockdowns.

“This class is especially unfortunate,” Peng said. “They’ve been taking online classes for three years. If they have to compete with students across the country, they will be at a disadvantage.”

On Tuesday morning, he stood outside the test site to cheer her on from afar. The buses brought the masked students directly into the test center, past the parents standing outside. Staffers held up signs to remind pedestrians to keep quiet so the students could concentrate.

The exam covers Chinese, math and a foreign language for all students, with differing sections for those planning to major in social or natural sciences. There are variations from region to region.

The Beijing version of the exam this year includes a choice of three short essays, one of which is to write a slogan encouraging social distancing while waiting in line for coronavirus tests, according to the Paper.

On Tuesday morning, Lin Liyi, 18, said he believed he was ready to face the test, despite the challenges.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

China Tries to Keep Covid Out of Its Grueling College-Entrance Exams

The New York Times

For Chinese students, years of intense studying come down to two or three nine-hour days of testing that will determine where they go to college. Covid-19 has added complications like escaping lockdown or testing in an isolation room.

对于中国学生来说，多年的紧张学习可以归结为两到三天的九小时考试，这将决定他们去哪里上大学。新冠疫情增加了一些复杂的因素，如摆脱封控或在隔离室中考试。

表示“归结为，归根结底在于”，英文解释为“If a situation or decision comes down to something, that is the thing that influences it most.”举个🌰：

What it all comes down to is your incredible insecurity.

归根结底，一切都在于你强烈的不安全感。

1）猴痘是什么？文中提到，complication表示“并发症”，英文解释为“A complication is a medical problem that occurs as a result of another illness or disease.”举个🌰：

Blindness is a common complication of diabetes.

失明是糖尿病常有的一种并发症。

2）表示“使情况复杂化的事物；复杂化”，英文解释为“something that makes a situation more difficult, or the act of doing this”举个🌰：

If any complications arise, let me know and I'll help.

如果发生什么麻烦事，告诉我一声，我会帮忙的。

柯林斯词典2020年度词汇：Lockdown（封锁）。

Lockdown这一词，柯林斯词典官方给出的释义为：the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces. 指的是对出行、社交和进入公共场所实行严格限制。

Temperature checks, masks, and negative P.C.R. test results are the basic prerequisites for the record 11.9 million students who registered to take the exam that started on Tuesday. Some test takers are discouraged from leaving their homes for two weeks before the exam. Others must travel to testing sites in specially arranged vehicles from their homes.

体温检测、口罩和核酸P.C.R.检测结果呈阴性是学生登记参加星期二开始的考试的基本前提。此次参加高考的学生达到了创纪录的1190万人。一些考生在考试前两周内被建议居家。其他人必须乘坐特别安排的车辆从家中前往考试地点。

prerequisite /ˌpriːˈrek.wɪ.zɪt/ 表示“先决条件；前提；必备条件”，英文解释为“something that must exist or happen before sth else can happen or be done”举个🌰：

Good self-esteem is a prerequisite for a happy life.

良好的自尊心是幸福生活的先决条件。

For those who have tested positive for Covid or are a close contact of someone with the virus, isolation or hospital rooms are prepared.

对于那些新冠病毒检测呈阳性的人或与病毒携带者有密切接触的人，准备了隔离室或医院房间。

The grueling test determines the less than two percent of candidates who will be able to enroll in the country’s top universities and is a hot topic in Chinese media and social media every June. One image posted by a local government this year showed an ultraviolet lamp being used to disinfect exam papers.

这项艰难的考试决定了不到2%的考生能够进入该国的顶尖大学，并且是每年六月中国媒体和社交媒体的热门话题。今年一个地方政府发布的一张图片显示，正在使用紫外线灯对试卷进行消毒。

gruelling /ˈgrʊəlɪŋ/ 表示“使人的精疲力尽的；艰辛的；让人受不了”，英文解释为“extremely tiring and difficult, and demanding great effort and determination”举个🌰：

Junior doctors often have to work a gruelling 100-hour week.

资历较浅的医生经常必须承受艰巨的工作量，一周工作100小时。

表示“（使）加入；注册；招（生）；吸收”，英文解释为“If you enrol or are enrolled at an institution or in a class, you officially join it.”举个🌰：

I was enrolled at the University in 2016. 

我是2016年上大学的。

ultraviolet /ˌʌl.trəˈvaɪə.lət/ 表示“紫外线的”，英文解释为“Ultraviolet light has a wavelength that is after the violet (= light purple) end of the range of colours that can be seen by humans. Light of this type causes the skin to become darker in the sun.”

disinfect作动词，表示“给…消毒”，英文解释为“to clean sth using a substance that kills bacteria”，如：to disinfect a surface/room/wound 给表面/房间/伤口消毒。

disinfectant作名词，表示“消毒剂；杀菌剂”，英文解释为“a substance that disinfects”，如：a strong smell of disinfectant 呛人的消毒剂气味。

In Beijing, where Covid restrictions were relaxed earlier this week, health officials reminded residential compounds to mute the speakers that blare out pandemic warnings in the days leading up to the exam, to help students concentrate.

在北京，本周早些时候放宽了对疫情的限制，卫生官员提醒居民区在考试前的几天里将防疫大喇叭静音，以帮助学生集中精力。

blare /bleər/ 表示“发出（刺耳的声音）”，英文解释为“to make an unpleasantly loud noise”举个🌰：

The loudspeakers blared across the square.

广场上充斥着扬声器刺耳的声音。

作名词，表示“（围起来的）场地，楼群，院落”，英文解释为“an area surrounded by fences or walls that contains a group of buildings”举个🌰：

They marched into the compound.

他们进入大院。

作动词，表示“使加重，使加剧，使恶化”，英文解释为“to make a problem or difficult situation worse”举个🌰：

Her terror was compounded by the feeling that she was being watched.

她有种被人监视的感觉，这加剧了她的恐惧感。

🎬电影《盗梦空间》（Inception）中的台词提到：And when you enter a dream within that dream, the effect is compounded. 当你进入梦中梦，效果会更强。

On Tuesday, the tabloid Global Times published an editorial cheering on the “online course generation” that spent most of their three years in high school life under the shadow of the coronavirus.

周二，《环球时报》发表社论，为“网课一代”欢呼，他们在新冠疫情的阴影笼罩下度过了高中三年的大部分生活。

tabloid /ˈtæblɔɪd/ 表示“通俗小报”，英文解释为“(sometimes disapproving) a newspaper of this size with short articles and a lot of pictures and stories about famous people, often thought of as less serious than other newspapers”举个🌰：

The story made the front page in all the tabloids.

这件事成了所有小报的头版新闻。

表示“社论，社评”，英文解释为“an article in a newspaper that expresses the editor's opinion on a subject of particular interest at the present time”。

表示“处在…的阴影中”，英文解释为“to be in a situation in which something unpleasant either seems likely to happen and to have a bad effect on your life, or is already having a bad effect on your life”举个🌰：

We are all living under the shadow of war.

我们都生活在战争的阴影中。

“We sincerely wish the best for every candidate and salute the eternal spirit of struggle,” it said.

它说：“我们衷心祝福每一位考生，更致敬永恒的奋斗精神。”

作名词，表示“致敬；致意；（尤指士兵和军官之间的）敬礼”，英文解释为“a thing that you say or do to show your admiration or respect for sb/sth or to welcome sb；the action of raising your right hand to the side of your head as a sign of respect, especially between soldiers and officers”。

作动词，类似的表示“公开赞扬，赞颂；（尤指军人）敬礼”，英文解释为“to honour or express admiration publicly for a person or an achievement”举个🌰：

On this memorable occasion we salute the wonderful work done by the association.

在这个难忘的时刻，我们对协会的出色工作表示赞扬。

eternal /ɪˈtɜː.nəl/ 表示“永远的，永恒的；长期的”，英文解释为“lasting forever or for a very long time”举个🌰：

The company is engaged in the eternal search for a product that will lead the market.

该公司一直在寻找可以引领市场的产品。

China’s university entrance exams are already stressful. Now add covid.

The Washington Post

Zhu Yongtao has spent more than a month locked down at his high school here in southern China so he can take the biggest exam of his life.

朱永涛（Zhu Yongtao，音译）在中国南方的高中里呆了一个多月，以便参加他人生中最大的考试。

On Tuesday morning, under a light drizzle, he strode into an exam hall for the “gaokao,” China’s notoriously grueling college entrance exam.

周二上午，在一场小雨中，他步入考场参加“高考”，这是中国极为艰难的大学入学考试。

表示“细雨，零星小雨，毛毛雨”，英文解释为“rain in very small, light drops”举个🌰：

Tomorrow will be cloudy with outbreaks of rain and drizzle.

明天多云，有阵雨和零星小雨。

1）作动词，表示“大步快走，阔步行进”，英文解释为“to walk somewhere quickly with long steps”举个🌰：

He strode across/into/out of the room.

他大步走过/进/出房间。

2）作名词，表示“大步；阔步”，英文解释为“A stride is a long step which you take when you are walking or running.”举个🌰：

She attributes her record-breaking speed to the length of her stride.

她认为她的速度之所以能打破纪录是因为步幅大。

3）表示“进展，进步”，英文解释为“an important positive development”举个🌰：

The group has made strides to expand internationally.

这个集团在拓展国际市场方面取得了很大进展。

📍在庆祝中国共产党成立一百周年大会上的讲话中提到：（我们）正在意气风发向着全面建成社会主义现代化强国的第二个百年奋斗目标迈进 we are now marching in confident strides toward the second centenary goal of building China into a great modern socialist country in all respects

副词词性 notoriously 众所周知地，声名狼藉地；形容词性：notorious 表示“臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的”，英文解释为“famous or well-known for something bad”，如：a notorious computer hacker 声名狼藉的电脑黑客。

“I’m still a little bit nervous, even though we’ve prepared a lot,” said Zhu, a bespectacled 17-year-old clad in a blue and white uniform. “It’s definitely motivated us being at school for 40 days. We were able to focus on studying.”

“尽管我们已经准备了很多，我仍然有点紧张，”身穿蓝白相间校服、戴着眼镜的17岁少年朱永涛说。“在学校呆了40天，这无疑激励了我们。我们能够专注于学习。”

bespectacled /bɪˈspek.tə.kəld/ 表示“戴眼镜的”，英文解释为“wearing glasses”如：a small, bespectacled man in a drab suit 戴着眼镜、穿着浅褐色西装的小个子男人。

clad in表示“穿着”，clad作形容词，表示“穿…衣服的；覆盖着…的”，英文解释为“(of people) dressed, or (of things) covered”举个🌰：

A strange figure appeared in the doorway, clad in black.

一个奇怪的人出现在门口，穿着黑衣服。

🎬电影《极盗车神》（Baby Driver）中的台词提到：Two men and a woman came into the bank branch, clad in black business clothing 两名男性和一名女性劫匪进入银行 穿着黑色西装。

The pandemic has made this tough three-day exam even more challenging. This year, 120 students are taking the gaokao in quarantine centers, and 700 students are taking it from some other sort of lockdown, according to Chinese publication the Paper, citing China’s Ministry of Education. Twelve covid-positive students in Beijing, Liaoning and Sichuan are taking the test from field hospitals.

疫情使这场为期三天的艰难考试变得更加具有挑战性。据中国媒体《澎湃新闻》（the Paper）援引中国教育部的话说，今年有120名学生在隔离点参加高考，还有700名处于封管控区域考生在重置考点考场中参加考试。北京、辽宁和四川的12名阳性考生在方舱医院参加考试。

剑桥词典2020年度词汇：quarantine /ˈkwɒrənˌtiːn/.

1）作名词，表示“隔离，检疫”，英文解释为“If a person or animal is in quarantine, they are being kept separate from other people or animals for a set period of time, usually because they have or may have a disease that could spread.”举个🌰：

She was sent home and put in quarantine.

她被送回家实施隔离。

2）作动词，表示“对…进行隔离”，英文解释为“If people or animals are quarantined, they are stopped from having contact with other people or animals. If a place is quarantined, people and animals are prevented from entering or leaving it.”举个🌰：

Dogs have to be quarantined for six months before they'll let them in.

狗必须被隔离6个月后他们才会放它们进来。

A field hospital is a temporary hospital or mobile medical unit that takes care of casualties on-site before they can be safely transported to more permanent facilities. This term was initially used in military medicine (such as the Mobile Army Surgical Hospital or MASH), but it is inherited to be used in disasters and other emergency situations.

野外医院（Field hospital），原是指战时行动医疗单位或小型医院，会临时收治伤患，并后送永久性医院设施。该术语主要用于军事环境，因此常译作野战医院或战地医院，虽概念起源于战场，但现亦在灾难和重大事故，以及常规军事医学的情况下出现。

Unlike in the United States, where college admittance is assessed on a range of factors, in China, it largely comes down to gaokao scores. There’s enormous pressure for students to do well on the test, which can affect the rest of their lives.

在美国，大学录取是根据一系列因素来评估的。而在中国，主要是看高考分数。学生有巨大的压力，要在考试中取得好成绩，这可能会影响他们往后的生活。

“All I can do is call my daughter and tell her to relax,” said a mother standing outside a Shenzhen gaokao test site Tuesday morning, who gave only her surname, Dai. “There’s no need to add to her stress.”

周二上午，一位站在深圳高考考点外的戴姓母亲说：“我所能做的就是给我女儿打电话，告诉她要放松。没有必要给她增加压力。”

In Shanghai, China’s most populous city, the gaokao has been delayed by a month.

在中国人口最众多的城市（之一）上海，高考已推迟了一个月。

表示“人口稠密的”，英文解释为“A populous country, area, or place has a lot of people living in it”举个🌰：

China is the world's most populous country.

中国是世界上人口最多的国家。

In Shenzhen, a father who only gave his surname, Peng, worried that his daughter faced an uphill battle against high school seniors in cities that have had fewer lockdowns.

在深圳，一位彭姓父亲担心，他的女儿与那些封控较少的城市的高中生相比，面临着一场艰难的比拼。

表示“费力的，艰难的”，英文解释为“needing a large amount of effort”举个🌰：

It'll be an uphill struggle/battle/fight to get the new proposals accepted.

要让新的提案获得通过会很艰难。

“This class is especially unfortunate,” Peng said. “They’ve been taking online classes for three years. If they have to compete with students across the country, they will be at a disadvantage.”

“这届特别不幸，”彭先生说。“他们已经上了三年的网课。如果他们必须与全国各地的学生竞争，他们将处于不利地位。”

On Tuesday morning, he stood outside the test site to cheer her on from afar. The buses brought the masked students directly into the test center, past the parents standing outside. Staffers held up signs to remind pedestrians to keep quiet so the students could concentrate.

周二上午，他站在考场外，从远处为她加油。公交车将戴着口罩的学生直接送入考点，经过站在外面的家长。工作人员举起标志，提醒行人保持安静，以便学生能够集中精力。

pedestrian /pɪˈdɛstrɪən/作名词表示“步行者，行人”（a person walking in the street and not travelling in a vehicle），如：pedestrian crossing 人行横道。

The exam covers Chinese, math and a foreign language for all students, with differing sections for those planning to major in social or natural sciences. There are variations from region to region.

考试内容包括所有学生都有的语文、数学和一门外语，对于那些计划主修社会科学或自然科学的学生有不同的部分。各个地区之间也有差异。

The Beijing version of the exam this year includes a choice of three short essays, one of which is to write a slogan encouraging social distancing while waiting in line for coronavirus tests, according to the Paper.

据澎湃新闻报道，今年的北京卷包括三选一的微写作，其中一篇是写一条为核酸检测排队时鼓励保持社交距离的标语。

slogan /ˈsləʊɡən/ 表示“口号；广告语”，英文解释为“A slogan is a short phrase that is easy to remember. Slogans are used in advertisements and by political parties and other organizations who want people to remember what they are saying or selling.”

On Tuesday morning, Lin Liyi, 18, said he believed he was ready to face the test, despite the challenges.

周二上午，18岁的林立义（Lin Liyi，音译）说，尽管有挑战，但他相信自己已经准备好面对考试。

公众号后台对话框里发送：沙发

查看沙发计划，抢沙发拿奖励

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参与每天持续行动打卡计划

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查看提问指南，不懂先查再问

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