花滑将禁止17岁以下选手参赛

近日，国际滑联会议上，通过了提高花样滑冰选手参加赛事的最低年龄限制的提议，年龄底限将从如今的15岁分阶段提高到17岁。

无注释原文：

Minimum age for figure skating rises to 17, following Olympic controversy 

Euronews

Ice skaters will have to be at least 17 years old to compete in professional competitions after the sport's governing body voted Tuesday to increase the minimum age from 15.

The decision by the International Skating Union (ISU) congress in Phuket, Thailand, follows controversy surrounding the Russian figure skater Kamila Valieva at this year's Beijing Winter Olympics.

"It's a very historic decision," ISU president Jan Dijkema said, after 100 countries voted to support the measure, while only 16 opposed.

Then 15-years-old, Valieva tested positive for a banned substance in a pre-game doping test before the 2022 Olympic contest.

She was allowed to compete, but broke down in tears after falling multiple times during her performance, with the global spotlight on her.

Valieva, who had been tipped for a gold medal, finished fourth. 

The ISU said it planned to raise the age limit well before the Valieva case and acknowledged it had a duty of care to elite adolescent athletes.

In a news release, it said the decision was made "for the sake of protecting the physical and mental health, and emotional well-being of the skaters."

The change will be phased in gradually. A minimum age of 15 will remain for the upcoming season, increase to 16 for the 2023-24 season and then raise to 17 for all following years, including the 2026 Winter Games.

This will disrupt the career of top Russian junior skater Sofia Akateva, who is 14. Her birthday falls days after the July 1 deadline to classify skaters’ ages for the upcoming season. Yet, having turned 18, she will be able to compete in 2026.

Before the vote, ISU director-general Fredi Schmid acknowledged the body had faced media pressure and a "major attack" in the wake of the Valieva controversy. 

He told delegates at the conference the sport's reputation was at stake.

"The moment of truth is obviously today because the credibility of the ISU will also be scrutinised," he said. "The media and the public will watch us very closely so don't forget this."

The skating body's medical team also backed raising the age limit to 17, arguing it would benefit young skaters physically and mentally, and help extend their careers.

"I feel as administrators of the sport of skating it is your moral obligation and duty to provide these young skaters with the opportunity and time to develop... the skills they require in order to be successful at the senior level," Dr Jane Moran from the ISU's medical commission said.

"They have the right to develop themselves as people during their adolescent age... They don't need us to be forcing them to compete."

A medical report published ahead of the decision said the change would allow junior athletes time to reach skeletal maturity.

"The concern is that during a period of known skeletal vulnerability, the adolescent athlete may be exposed to excessive training and competition loads associated with high-level competition, which places the athlete at greater risk of injury," the medical report said.

It also warned that some elite adolescent athletes could experience a puberty delay for an average of two years because of the physical demands of training and inadequate energy intake. A greater risk of developing eating disorders was also noted. 

The athletes' commission surveyed close to 1,000 professional athletes and coaches and found that 86 per cent were in favour of lifting the age limit.

Some representatives from smaller countries argued the changes would have a negative impact on their talent pool and ability to send athletes to elite competitions.

However, other smaller skating nations, such as Iceland and Ireland, said the focus should be on protecting youngsters.

"We have to remember they are children first and athletes second," Ireland's ISU representative in Phuket said.

An amendment to raise the minimum age to 16 and then wait until after the 2026 Winter Olympics to revisit the issue was rejected.

The ISU drafted an age-limit proposal saying “burnout, disordered eating, and long-term consequences of injury” were a risk to young teenage skaters who are pushed to perform more quadruple jumps.

The decision was criticised in Russia, where skaters are currently banned by the ISU from international competitions because of the country's military invasion of Ukraine.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

Minimum age for figure skating rises to 17, following Olympic controversy 

Euronews

Ice skaters will have to be at least 17 years old to compete in professional competitions after the sport's governing body voted Tuesday to increase the minimum age from 15.

在滑冰运动管理机构周二投票决定将最低年龄从15岁提高到17岁后，滑冰运动员将必须至少年满17岁才能参加职业比赛。

The decision by the International Skating Union (ISU) congress in Phuket, Thailand, follows controversy surrounding the Russian figure skater Kamila Valieva at this year's Beijing Winter Olympics.

在泰国普吉岛（Phuket）举行的国际滑冰联盟（ISU）大会做出这一决定之前，俄罗斯花样滑冰运动员卡米拉 · 瓦利耶娃（Kamila Valieva）在今年的北京冬奥会上引起了争议。

表示“代表大会”，英文解释为“a large formal meeting of representatives from countries or societies at which ideas are discussed and information is exchanged”如：an international/medical congress 国际/医学代表大会。

figure skater表示“花样滑冰运动员”，figure skating示“花样滑冰”，英文解释为“a type of skating that involves circular patterns and often includes jumps”。

表示“争议；争论；争辩”，英文解释为“a lot of disagreement or argument about something, usually because it affects or is important to many people”举个🌰：

There was a big controversy surrounding/over the use of drugs in athletics.

体育界对使用违禁药物争议很大。

"It's a very historic decision," ISU president Jan Dijkema said, after 100 countries voted to support the measure, while only 16 opposed.

在100个国家投票支持（16个国家反对）这项措施后，国际滑联主席扬·迪克马（Jan Dijkema）说：“这是一个历史性的决定。”

Then 15-years-old, Valieva tested positive for a banned substance in a pre-game doping test before the 2022 Olympic contest.

15岁的瓦里耶娃在2022年奥运会比赛前的一次兴奋剂检查中，对一种违禁物质呈阳性反应。

表示“在当时（过去或未来）（的）；在那时（的）”，英文解释为“(at) that time (in the past or in the future)”举个🌰：

I was working in the city then.

那时我在城里工作。

1）作动词，表示“为…提供兴奋剂；使服用兴奋剂”，英文解释为“to give a person or an animal drugs in order to make them perform better or worse in a competition”举个🌰：

They were arrested for doping racehorses.

他们因给参赛马匹服用兴奋剂而被捕。

2）作动词，表示“给…提供安眠药；使服用安眠药”，英文解释为“to give a person or an animal a drug to make them want to sleep”举个🌰：

We always have to dope up our cat for long car journeys.

开车长途旅行时我们总是给猫吃安眠药。

3）作名词，表示“兴奋剂”，英文解释为“a drug that is taken by a person or given to an animal to affect their performance in a race or sport”举个🌰：

The athlete failed a  dope test (= a medical test showed that he had taken such drugs).

这个运动员未能通过药检。

4）作名词，表示“麻醉剂，毒品（尤指大麻，在美国尤指海洛因）”，英文解释为“a drug that is taken illegally for pleasure, especially cannabis or, in the US,  heroin.”

She was allowed to compete, but broke down in tears after falling multiple times during her performance, with the global spotlight on her.

她被允许参加比赛，但在表演过程中多次摔倒，在全球瞩目下，她泪流满面。

1）作名词，除了聚光灯，还可以表示“媒体和公众的注意”，英文解释为“attention from newspapers, television and the public”举个🌰：

Unemployment is once again in the spotlight.

失业问题再次受到人们的关注。

2）作动词，表示“特别关注，突出报道（以使公众注意）”，英文解释为“to give special attention to a problem, situation, etc. so that people notice it”举个🌰：

The programme spotlights problems in the health service.

节目突出报道了公共医疗机构的问题。

📺动画片《鲍勃汉堡店》（Bob's Burgers）中的台词提到：You couldn't share the spotlight with Francis, could you? 你无法忍受弗兰西斯抢你风头是吧？

Valieva, who had been tipped for a gold medal, finished fourth. 

曾被看好获得金牌的瓦里耶娃获得了第四名。

熟词僻义，作动词，表示“称…有可能成功”，英文解释为“to say that someone is likely to be successful or achieve something”举个🌰：

He is being tipped as the next prime minister.

据称，他有可能成为下一任首相。

The ISU said it planned to raise the age limit well before the Valieva case and acknowledged it had a duty of care to elite adolescent athletes.

国际滑联表示，早在瓦利耶娃事件之前，它就计划提高年龄限制，并承认它有责任照顾优秀的青少年运动员。

用于强调某些介词，英文解释为“used to emphasize some prepositions ”举个🌰：

The results are well above/below what we expected.

结果比我们预想的要好/差得多。

elite /iˈliːt/ 作形容词，表示“（社会）上层集团的；掌权人物的；精英的；出类拔萃的，精锐的”，英文解释为“belonging to the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society”；

作名词，表示“（社会）上层集团；掌权人物；出类拔萃的人，精英”，英文解释为“the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society”如：the country's educated elite 这个国家受过良好教育的精英。

adolescent /ˌædəˈlesnt/ 作名词，表示“青少年”，英文解释为“a young person who is developing into an adult”。

作形容词，表示“青春期的；青少年的”，英文解释为“being or relating to an adolescent”如：an adolescent boy 青春期的男孩；也可以指“（成年人或其行为）孩子气的，幼稚的”，英文解释为“used to describe an adult or an adult's behaviour that is silly and like a child's”如：adolescent humour/behaviour 孩子气的幽默/幼稚的举止。

In a news release, it said the decision was made "for the sake of protecting the physical and mental health, and emotional well-being of the skaters."

在一份新闻稿中，它说做出这一决定是“为了保护滑冰运动员的身心健康和情绪健康。”

The change will be phased in gradually. A minimum age of 15 will remain for the upcoming season, increase to 16 for the 2023-24 season and then raise to 17 for all following years, including the 2026 Winter Games.

这一变化将逐步实施。即将到来的赛季将保持15岁的最低年龄，2023-24赛季将提高到16岁，然后在接下来的所有年份提高到17岁，包括2026年冬季奥运会。

表示“逐步采用；分阶段实施”，英文解释为“to introduce something gradually or in stages”举个🌰：

They will phase the new healthcare system in over a period of five years.

他们将在5年内逐步实施新的医疗保健计划。

This will disrupt the career of top Russian junior skater Sofia Akateva, who is 14. Her birthday falls days after the July 1 deadline to classify skaters’ ages for the upcoming season. Yet, having turned 18, she will be able to compete in 2026.

这将打乱14岁的俄罗斯顶级青少年滑冰运动员索菲亚·阿卡捷娃（Sofia Akateva）的职业生涯。她的生日是在7月1日之后几天。7月1日是即将到来的赛季划分滑冰运动员年龄的最后期限。然而，在年满18岁后，她将能够在2026年参加比赛。

Before the vote, ISU director-general Fredi Schmid acknowledged the body had faced media pressure and a "major attack" in the wake of the Valieva controversy. 

在投票之前，国际滑联总干事弗雷迪·施密德（Fredi Schmid）承认，在瓦里耶娃的争议之后，该机构面临着媒体压力和“重大攻击”。

表示“（大型机构的）总裁，主席；署长；局长；（尤指公共机构的）总管”，英文解释为“the person who is in charge of a big organization”。

in the wake of表示“作为…的后果；随…之后而来”，英文解释为“If something happens in the wake of something else, it happens after and often because of it.”举个🌰：

Airport security was extra tight in the wake of yesterday's attacks.

昨天的袭击发生之后，机场安检变得格外严格。

🎬电影《科洛弗道10号》（10 Cloverfield Lane）中的台词提到：In the wake of this afternoon's widespread blackout 在今天下午的大面积停电之后，...

🎬电影《阿波罗13号》（Apollo 13）中的台词提到：lt was that phosphorescent stuff that gets churned up in the wake of a big ship. 就是在大船驶过后被搅上来 会发出磷光的那种东西。

🎬传记电影《史蒂夫·乔布斯》（Steve Jobs）中的台词提到：Apple Computers closed two of its factories today in the wake of disappointing sales. 因为销量不佳 苹果电脑今天关闭了两家工厂。

He told delegates at the conference the sport's reputation was at stake.

他在会议上告诉代表们，这项运动的声誉正处于危险之中。

作名词，表示“（尤指会议的）代表”，英文解释为“a person chosen or elected by a group to speak, vote, etc. for them, especially at a meeting”举个🌰：Delegates have voted in favour of the motion. 代表们对这项动议投了赞成票。

作动词，表示“（把…）委派（给…），（把…）委托（给…）；授权（给…）”，英文解释为“to give a particular job, duty, right, etc. to someone else so that they do it for you”举个🌰：

As a boss you have to delegate (responsibilities to your staff).

你作为老板必须要分派工作。

📍政府工作报告中经常出现的简政放权就是：streamline administration and delegate power，

表示“有风险；处于危急关头”，英文解释为“If something that is valuable is at stake, it is in a situation where it might be lost.”举个🌰：

Thousands of lives will be at stake if emergency aid does not arrive in the city soon.

如果紧急救援物资不能很快运到城中，数千人的生命就会有危险。

"The moment of truth is obviously today because the credibility of the ISU will also be scrutinised," he said. "The media and the public will watch us very closely so don't forget this."

“今天显然是关键时刻，因为国际滑联的信誉也将受到审视，”他说。“媒体和公众将非常密切地关注我们，所以不要忘记这一点。”

英式 scrutinise 美式 scrutinize /ˈskruː.tɪ.naɪz/ 表示“仔细察看，审查”，英文解释为“If you scrutinize something, you examine it very carefully, often to find out some information from it or about it.”举个🌰：

Her purpose was to scrutinize his features to see if he was an honest man.

她的目的是仔细察看他的特征看他是不是个诚实的人。

The skating body's medical team also backed raising the age limit to 17, arguing it would benefit young skaters physically and mentally, and help extend their careers.

滑冰机构的医疗团队也支持将年龄限制提高到17岁，医疗团队认为这将使年轻的滑冰运动员在身体和精神上受益，并有助于延长他们的职业生涯。

"I feel as administrators of the sport of skating it is your moral obligation and duty to provide these young skaters with the opportunity and time to develop... the skills they require in order to be successful at the senior level," Dr Jane Moran from the ISU's medical commission said.

国际滑联医疗委员会的简·莫兰（Jane Moran）博士说：“我觉得作为滑冰运动的管理者，你们有道德义务和责任为这些年轻的滑冰运动员提供机会和时间来发展......他们需要的技能，以便取得更高层次的成功。”

表示“义务；责任；职责”，英文解释为“the fact that you are obliged to do something”举个🌰：

If you have not signed a contract, you are under no obligation to (= it is not necessary to) pay them any money.

如果你没有签合同，你就没有义务付给他们钱。

"They have the right to develop themselves as people during their adolescent age... They don't need us to be forcing them to compete."

“他们有权利在青少年时期发展自己......他们不需要我们强迫他们去参加比赛。”

A medical report published ahead of the decision said the change would allow junior athletes time to reach skeletal maturity.

在该决定之前发表的一份医学报告称，这一变化将使青少年运动员有时间达到骨骼成熟。

skeletal /ˈskel.ə.təl/ 1）表示“骨骼的；骨瘦如柴的”，英文解释为“of or like a skeleton (= frame of bones)”举个🌰：

Her body was skeletal (= very thin).

她骨瘦如柴。

2）表示“轮廓的，最基本的，大概的”，英文解释为“used to describe something that exists in its most basic form”举个🌰：

The newspaper report gave only a skeletal account of the debate.

报纸只报道了辩论的大致情况。

maturity /məˈtʃʊə.rə.ti/ 1）表示“发育成熟，长成”，英文解释为“the state of being completely grown physically”举个🌰：

How long does it take for the chicks to grow to maturity?

小鸡多长时间才能长大？

2）表示“（心智）成熟；成熟阶段；完善的状态”，英文解释为“the quality of behaving mentally and emotionally like an adult；a very advanced or developed form or state”

"The concern is that during a period of known skeletal vulnerability, the adolescent athlete may be exposed to excessive training and competition loads associated with high-level competition, which places the athlete at greater risk of injury," the medical report said.

医学报告称：“令人担忧的是，在已知的骨骼脆弱期，青少年运动员可能暴露在与高水平比赛相关的过度训练和比赛负荷下，这使运动员面临更大的受伤风险。”

vulnerability /ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪləti/ 表示“易受伤害；有弱点；脆弱”，英文解释为“the quality of being vulnerable (= able to be easily hurt, influenced, or attacked), or something that is vulnerable”。

It also warned that some elite adolescent athletes could experience a puberty delay for an average of two years because of the physical demands of training and inadequate energy intake. A greater risk of developing eating disorders was also noted. 

报告还警告称，由于训练的体力要求和能量摄入不足，一些优秀的青少年运动员可能经历平均两年的青春期发育迟缓。报告还指出，出现饮食紊乱的风险更大。

The athletes' commission surveyed close to 1,000 professional athletes and coaches and found that 86 per cent were in favour of lifting the age limit.

运动员委员会调查了近1000名职业运动员和教练员，发现86%的人赞成取消年龄限制。

早在2020年「武汉解封」冬已尽，春来兮！文中CNN的标题「China lifts 76-day lockdown on Wuhan as city reemerges from coronavirus crisis」就有提到有提到lift ... lockdown，lift作动词，表示「解除，撤销，停止」，英文解释为：to remove or end restrictions，如：to lift a ban 解除禁令。

Some representatives from smaller countries argued the changes would have a negative impact on their talent pool and ability to send athletes to elite competitions.

一些小国的代表认为，这些变化将对他们的人才库和派遣运动员参加顶级比赛的能力产生负面影响。

However, other smaller skating nations, such as Iceland and Ireland, said the focus should be on protecting youngsters.

然而，其他较小的滑冰国家，如冰岛和爱尔兰，表示重点应该是保护青少年。

表示“年轻人；少年”，英文解释为“a young person, usually an older child”举个🌰：

The scheme is for youngsters between the ages of ten and 16.

该方案适用于年龄介于10至16岁之间的少年儿童。

"We have to remember they are children first and athletes second," Ireland's ISU representative in Phuket said.

爱尔兰在普吉岛的国际滑联代表说：“我们必须记住他们首先是孩子，其次才是运动员。”

An amendment to raise the minimum age to 16 and then wait until after the 2026 Winter Olympics to revisit the issue was rejected.

一项将最低年龄提高到16岁，然后等到2026年冬奥会之后再重新讨论这个问题的修正案被否决。

表示“修正案”，英文解释为“An amendment is a section that is added to a law or rule in order to change it.”

熟词僻义，表示“重新考虑（意图改变或改善）”，英文解释为“to talk or think about something again, with the intention of improving it or changing it”举个🌰：

Gun laws need to be revisited.

枪支法律需要重新考虑。

The ISU drafted an age-limit proposal saying “burnout, disordered eating, and long-term consequences of injury” were a risk to young teenage skaters who are pushed to perform more quadruple jumps.

国际滑联起草了一份年龄限制提案，称“过度劳累、饮食紊乱和伤病的长期影响”是年轻的青少年滑冰运动员的风险，他们被逼着完成更多的四转跳。

1）表示“精疲力竭；过度劳累”，英文解释为“the state of being extremely tired or ill, either physically or mentally, because you have worked too hard”。

2）表示“（火箭）熄火点，燃烧终止”，英文解释为“the point at which a rocket has used all of its fuel and has no more power”。

补充一个说法：

📍burn the candle at both ends表示“劳累过度；起早贪黑而疲惫不堪”（to work or do other things from early in the morning until late at night and so get very little rest）

quadruple /ˈkwɒdrʊpəl, -ˈdruːpəl/ 1）作动词，表示“（使）变为四倍”，英文解释为“to become four times bigger; to make sth four times bigger”举个🌰：

Sales have quadrupled in the last five years.

过去五年中，销售额已增长至以前的四倍。

2）表示“大（或多）四倍”，英文解释为“four times as big”如：a quadruple measure 四倍大小；

3）表示“包括四部分（或四个人、四个地方等）的”，英文解释为“involving four parts, people, places, etc.”如：a quadruple fracture of his thumb 他的拇指四处骨折。

The decision was criticised in Russia, where skaters are currently banned by the ISU from international competitions because of the country's military invasion of Ukraine.

这一决定在俄罗斯受到了批评，由于俄罗斯对乌克兰的军事入侵，滑冰运动员目前被国际滑联禁止参加国际比赛。

表示“入侵，侵略”，英文解释为“an occasion when an army or country uses force to enter and take control of another country”举个🌰：

They were planning to mount an invasion of the north of the country.

他们正计划发动对该国北部的侵略。

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