“他喝醉了”不是托词！！！

今天，唐山多名男子在烧烤店围殴多名女子的视频相信很多人都看到了。

除了生气，还是生气。除了严惩，还是严惩！！！

“严惩狂徒是人心所向，是给法律一个交代，也是给受害者一个交代，还是给公众一个交代。”

无注释原文：

Why the 'I was drunk' excuse is no longer valid

The Sydney Morning Herald

From shooting your mouth off to texting your ex, we’ve all blamed alcohol for our actions at some point.

It turns out, the age-old excuse, “I was drunk”, is no longer valid.

According to a study titled Alcohol Effects On Performance Monitoring and Adjustment: Affect Modulation and Impairment of Evaluative Cognitive Control, alcohol doesn’t limit our ability to know what’s right and wrong, instead, it takes away our capacity to care.

The study, involving 67 adults between the ages of 21 and 35 years, set out to identify how alcohol influences our ability to detect mistakes.

You meant what you said

Researchers from the University of Missouri split the participants into three groups and randomly assigned each person with either: a non-alcoholic drink, an alcoholic drink or a placebo. They were then asked to complete an error recognition task on a computer and their response to failure was measured.

Lead author of the study, Professor Bruce Bartholow found that alcohol did not influence awareness of an incorrect response.

In fact, all three groups were aware when they made an error but the group given alcohol weren't as concerned.

"In tasks like the one we used, although we encourage people to try to respond as quickly as possible, it is very common for people to respond more slowly following an error, as a way of trying to regain self-control", Professor Bartholow said. "That’s what we saw in our placebo group. The alcohol group participants didn’t do this."

Professor Bartholow puts their lack of concern down to alcohol muffling an “alarm signal” that would normally make you consider what you're about to do or say.

In other words, we know what we are doing when drunk but we aren't thinking about the consequences.

Why we drunk dial

Similarly, research by Amber Ferris and Erin Hollenbaugh, titled Drinking and Dialing: An Exploratory Study of Why College Students Make Cell Phone Calls While Intoxicated discovered the "motives" behind why we drunk dial.

Motives included people having more confidence, wanting to tell people how drunk they are, to confess their love, to talk to friends they haven’t seen in a while “and see how they are doing" and lastly, to initiate sex.

While telling someone you love and miss them could have a positive effect on a relationship, many of the participants said they didn't enjoy being on the receiving end of a drunk call, "especially while sleeping".

In addition to lowering our care-factor, alcohol exaggerates our emotions.

According to the American Association for Advancement of Science, "Alcohol may affect emotions, leading to crying, fighting or a desire to be close to another person".

Agreeing with this, in her article Can alcohol act as a truth serum?, Hanny Lerida says, “The more inebriated a person gets, the more affected the brain gets.”

“If you are happy before drinking, you will become more happy. While, those who are feeling down before they start to drink end up becoming very upset,” she said.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

Why the 'I was drunk' excuse is no longer valid

The Sydney Morning Herald

From shooting your mouth off to texting your ex, we’ve all blamed alcohol for our actions at some point.

从信口开河到给前任发消息，我们都曾在某个时候把自己的行为归咎于喝醉了。

表示“夸夸其谈；信口开河”，英文解释为“to talk too much in a loud and uncontrolled way”举个🌰：

It's just like Tom to go shooting his mouth off about other people's business.

汤姆就是这么个人，爱对别人的事情信口开河。

It turns out, the age-old excuse, “I was drunk”, is no longer valid.

事实证明，“我喝醉了”这个古老的借口已经不再有效了。

表示“古老的；由来已久的”，英文解释为“very old”如：an age-old story of love and betrayal 关于爱和背叛的古老故事。

表示“确凿的；合理的；有根据的；让人信服的”，英文解释为“based on truth or reason; able to be accepted”如：a valid argument/criticism/reason 令人信服的论据/批评/理由。

According to a study titled Alcohol Effects On Performance Monitoring and Adjustment: Affect Modulation and Impairment of Evaluative Cognitive Control, alcohol doesn’t limit our ability to know what’s right and wrong, instead, it takes away our capacity to care.

根据一项名为“酒精对表现监测和调节的影响：情感调节和评估性认知控制的损害”的研究，酒精并不限制我们知道什么是正确和错误的能力，相反，它带走了我们关心的能力。

表示“调整，适应”，英文解释为“the ability to control, influence or change a particular physical process”举个🌰：

This area of the brain is involved in the modulation of emotional behaviour.

大脑的这一区域参与对感情行为的调整。

表示“（身体机能的）损伤”，英文解释为“If someone has an impairment, they have a condition that prevents their eyes, ears, limbs or brain from working properly.”举个🌰：

He has a visual impairment in the right eye. 

他的右眼有视力损伤。

表示“认知的；感知的；认识的”，英文解释为“Cognitive means relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things.”举个🌰：

As children grow older, their cognitive processes become sharper. 

随着孩子们长大，他们的认知过程也变得越来越敏锐了。

The study, involving 67 adults between the ages of 21 and 35 years, set out to identify how alcohol influences our ability to detect mistakes.

这项研究涉及67名年龄在21至35岁之间的成年人，旨在确定酒精如何影响我们发现错误的能力。

You meant what you said 你的本意就是你所说的

Researchers from the University of Missouri split the participants into three groups and randomly assigned each person with either: a non-alcoholic drink, an alcoholic drink or a placebo. They were then asked to complete an error recognition task on a computer and their response to failure was measured.

来自密苏里大学（University of Missouri）的研究人员将参与者分成三组，并随机给每个人分配一杯无酒精饮料、一杯酒精饮料或一杯安慰剂。然后他们被要求在电脑上完成一项错误识别任务，并衡量他们对失败的反应。

placebo /pləˈsiː.bəʊ/ 1）表示“安慰剂”，英文解释为“a substance given to someone who is told that it is a particular medicine, either to make that person feel as if they are getting better or to compare the effect of the particular medicine when given to others”举个🌰：

She was only given a placebo, but she claimed she got better - that's the placebo effect.

只给她服用了安慰剂，但她说好一些了——这就是安慰剂的心理作用。

2）表示“使人宽慰的事；安抚话”，英文解释为“something that is given to try to satisfy a person who has not been given the thing they really want”举个🌰：

These small concessions have been made as a placebo to stop the workers making further demands.

这些小让步就像安慰剂一样，可以避免工人们提出更多的要求。

Lead author of the study, Professor Bruce Bartholow found that alcohol did not influence awareness of an incorrect response.

该研究的主要作者布鲁斯·巴索洛（Bruce Bartholow）教授发现，酒精并不影响对错误反应的认识。

In fact, all three groups were aware when they made an error but the group given alcohol weren't as concerned.

事实上，所有三组人在犯错时都有意识，但饮酒的那组人并不那么关心。

"In tasks like the one we used, although we encourage people to try to respond as quickly as possible, it is very common for people to respond more slowly following an error, as a way of trying to regain self-control", Professor Bartholow said. "That’s what we saw in our placebo group. The alcohol group participants didn’t do this."

巴索洛教授说：“在像我们使用的任务中，尽管我们鼓励人们尽可能快地做出反应，但人们在出错后做出更慢的反应是非常常见的，作为一种试图恢复自我控制的方式。这就是我们在安慰剂组中看到的情况。酒精组的参与者没有这样做。”

Professor Bartholow puts their lack of concern down to alcohol muffling an “alarm signal” that would normally make you consider what you're about to do or say.

巴索洛教授把他们的不关心归结为酒精削弱了“警报信号”，这个信号通常会使你考虑你将要做什么或说什么。

表示“把…归因于…”，英文解释为“to think that a problem or situation is caused by a particular thing”举个🌰：

I put the children's bad behaviour down to the fact that they were tired.

我认为孩子们表现不好是因为他们累了。

muffle /ˈmʌf.əl/ 表示“削弱，使模糊”，英文解释为“to make something less strong or clear”举个🌰：

The report concluded that business pressure on the government had muffled the impact of the legislation.

报告得出结论，企业对政府的压力已削弱了立法的影响。

In other words, we know what we are doing when drunk but we aren't thinking about the consequences.

换句话说，我们知道自己在做什么，但我们没有考虑到后果。

Why we drunk dial 为什么我们会醉酒打电话

Similarly, research by Amber Ferris and Erin Hollenbaugh, titled Drinking and Dialing: An Exploratory Study of Why College Students Make Cell Phone Calls While Intoxicated discovered the "motives" behind why we drunk dial.

同样，安珀·费里斯（Amber Ferris）和艾琳·霍伦鲍尔（Erin Hollenbaugh）题为《饮酒和拨号：大学生醉酒后打电话原因的探索性研究》的研究，发现了我们醉酒后拨打电话的“动机”。

表示“醉酒后打电话”，英文解释为“to make a phone call when you are drunk”举个🌰：

He drunk-dialled his ex last night and told her that he still loved her.

他昨晚醉酒后打电话给前任，对她说仍爱着她。

intoxicated /ɪnˈtɒk.sɪ.keɪ.tɪd/ 1）表示“喝醉的”，英文解释为“Someone who is intoxicated is drunk.”举个🌰：

He appeared intoxicated, police said.

他看上去好像是喝醉了，警察说。

2）表示“陶醉的；极其兴奋的；忘乎所以的”，英文解释为“excited, happy, and slightly out of control because of love, success, etc.”举个🌰：

She was understandably intoxicated by her success in the national competition.

她因在全国比赛中获胜而欣喜若狂是可以理解的。

Motives included people having more confidence, wanting to tell people how drunk they are, to confess their love, to talk to friends they haven’t seen in a while “and see how they are doing" and lastly, to initiate sex.

动机包括人们更有信心，想告诉别人他们有多醉、表白、与他们很久没有见过的朋友交谈以及“看看他们怎么样”，最后是发起性行为。

表示“坦白；供认，招认；承认（错误或罪行）”，英文解释为“to admit that you have done something wrong or something that you feel guilty or bad about”举个🌰：

She confessed to her husband that she had sold her wedding ring.

她向丈夫坦白她卖掉了结婚戒指。

While telling someone you love and miss them could have a positive effect on a relationship, many of the participants said they didn't enjoy being on the receiving end of a drunk call, "especially while sleeping".

虽然告诉别人你爱他们和想念他们可能对关系有积极的影响，但许多参与者说他们不喜欢接受醉酒电话，“尤其是在睡觉时”。

In addition to lowering our care-factor, alcohol exaggerates our emotions.

除了降低我们的关心因素外，酒精还夸大了我们的情绪。

表示“夸张；夸大；对…言过其实”，英文解释为“to make something seem larger, more important, better, or worse than it really is”举个🌰：

Don't exaggerate - it wasn't that expensive.

不要言过其实——没有那么贵。

According to the American Association for Advancement of Science, "Alcohol may affect emotions, leading to crying, fighting or a desire to be close to another person".

根据美国科学促进会（American Association for Advancement of Science）的说法，“酒精可能影响情绪，导致哭泣、争吵或渴望接近另一个人”。

Agreeing with this, in her article Can alcohol act as a truth serum?, Hanny Lerida says, “The more inebriated a person gets, the more affected the brain gets.”

汉尼·莱里达（Hanny Lerida）在她的文章《酒精可以作为使人吐露实情的麻醉药吗》中同意这一点，她说：“一个人越是醉醺醺的，大脑受到的影响就越大。”

表示“（使人吐露真情的）诱供麻醉药，吐真药”，英文解释为“a drug used to make people tell the truth”举个🌰：

Investigators considered the use of truth serum to sweat information out of suspected terrorists.

调查人员曾考虑使用诱供麻醉药从恐怖分子嫌疑人身上获取信息。

inebriated /ɪnˈiːbrɪeɪtɪd/表示“喝醉的”，英文解释为“having drunk too much alcohol”，相当于drunk.

“If you are happy before drinking, you will become more happy. While, those who are feeling down before they start to drink end up becoming very upset,” she said.

“如果你在喝酒前很开心，你会变得更开心。而那些在开始喝酒前感到沮丧的人，最终会变得非常沮丧。”她说。

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