斯里兰卡宣布国家进入紧急状态

据报道，斯里兰卡总理发言人称，由于该国总统离境，面对当前局势，总理办公室已宣布斯里兰卡进入紧急状态。

无注释原文：

‘There’s Nothing’: Scarcity Deepens Desperation in Sri Lanka

The New York Times

The woman stood in line for more than 14 hours for a passport, desperate to escape the economic crisis engulfing Sri Lanka.

Selwi Thangawelu, a Sri Lankan mother of two, had secured a job as a housekeeper in Kuwait. Her husband’s job as a garbage collector is no longer enough to cover food and fuel, the price of which has soared as the country’s situation grows increasingly dire.

For three weeks, Ms. Thangawelu and her husband have survived on rice, saving the vegetables they can afford for their children.

“I am a little scared,” she said, “but there’s no way to stay.”

Sri Lanka, an island nation of nearly 22 million people, was once an economic hope, with a highly educated populace, a solid middle class and median income among the highest in South Asia. Now many people are living on the edge, unable to buy even the basics.

Grocery shelves are barren, and what food is left is increasingly unaffordable. Fuel supplies are so low that people wait in line for days for a few gallons. Some people are marooned at home, while others travel long distances on foot, the main traffic on streets that months ago were busy with cars and auto rickshaws.

“This is the first time in my life that it is so hard,” said Deyarathna Liyanage, an 80-year-old farmer.

His family is among the more fortunate. At a time when many in the country are going hungry, they can subsist on their vegetable garden, banana trees and rice from a small paddy.

“There’s nothing to eat. There’s no petrol. We can’t go anywhere,” he added. “There’s nothing at all.”

The economic crisis came to a head this weekend, as thousands of people stormed the official residence and office of the president, Gotabaya Rajapaksa, demanding his resignation. A breakaway mob burned down the private home of the prime minister, Ranil Wickremesinghe.

Mr. Rajapaksa hasn’t been seen or heard from publicly since the protesters’ break-in, but on Monday a spokesman for the prime minister reconfirmed the president’s plan to step down.

Whoever ends up running Sri Lanka will inherit a crisis without an easy resolution. The country is essentially bankrupt, financial straits made worse by rising inflation worldwide. And vital creditors, like India, have indicated that their largess is not unlimited, leaving the country without much ability to import much-needed fuel, food and medicine.

Ordinary Sri Lankans are paying the price for government mismanagement and missteps.

Mr. Liyanage used to contribute to the family’s income by selling rice, which he grew using chemical fertilizers from the government. Then officials banned fertilizers overnight, battering harvests. After the misguided policy was lifted, the price of fertilizer soared, and the government stopped giving it away.

He now uses compost, which he said resulted in yields only about a fifth of what he used to harvest.

“Before there was a good profit from rice,” he said. “Now, it’s a loss if we sell it, but it’s still cheaper to grow than to buy.”

Mohammed Rafiq, who sells mangos and mangosteens on the street, has so few customers that he has halved his prices, even though he is paying more to his supplier in southern Sri Lanka.

There is “less food, less electricity,” said Mr. Rafiq, a father of four. “Everything is less.”

The streets of Colombo are mostly empty of cars now, except for those parked in lines stretching several blocks waiting for a turn at a fuel pump. Every few days, Sri Lanka’s energy minister posts updates on Twitter about the expected arrival of diesel and gasoline shipments — and people rush to get them.

Hamdan Fawmy, who normally drives tourists to Sri Lanka’s famous beaches and Buddhist temples, has hardly worked in months. Tourism, once the lifeblood of the Sri Lankan economy, has evaporated, first hit by the Covid pandemic and then by the turmoil.

He waited in his compact S.U.V. for four days this week to refuel. With strict rations in place, he was only given enough for two days of driving.

He fears the protesters’ success — in forcing Mr. Rajapaksa to resign — will only make things worse. “If there’s no government, will it be eight days of waiting? Will there be fuel at all?”

The inequalities in the country have deepened in the desperation. For a small sliver of the population, the economic collapse is more of an inconvenience than a true hardship. Wealthier Sri Lankans with access to funds outside the country can more easily ride out the inflation pressures, given the rapidly falling rupee.

At a branch of an upmarket grocery store, Keells, there was plenty of fresh produce and bulk grains, although prices have tripled since April. Racks of imported ice cream, chocolate and alcohol were empty.

On Sunday, women in finely stitched silk saris and men in bespoke suits filled the ballroom at the Kingsbury, one of Colombo’s luxury hotels, for an elaborate wedding engagement party. A day earlier, protesters with tear gas burning their eyes found the doors to the hotel locked.

“Sri Lanka’s poor and middle classes have shown that they are very politicized, they have no patience any longer, they are ready to act and take direct action any moment,” said Jayadeva Uyangoda, a professor of political science at University of Colombo.

The crisis has derailed years of progress. Schools have been closed in recent weeks in a bid to save fuel. Pharmacies are out of standard over-the-counter medicines. Companies have forced employees to take pay cuts.

As head of human resources for a Sri Lankan company, Gimhanikari Yawasam, 41, has had to field many difficult calls from employees upset about recent salary cuts. “From an organizational level, we are doing our best to support their well-being, but what we can offer is limited,” she said.

She and other employees started working from home several weeks ago, since public transportation options have disappeared, with the nation’s fuel supplies nearly depleted.

At home, she and her children find their work is often interrupted by power cuts. When her mother suffered from a stomach bug recently, Ms. Yawasam couldn’t find antibiotics.

“We have been struggling with so many issues, but now it has become critical,” she said.

An increasing number of Sri Lankans are eager to join the 3 million people in the diaspora, many of them refugees from the country’s civil war, which ended in 2009.

In this crisis, people have been standing in line for days at Colombo’s passport office. Dozens trying to flee by boat have been apprehended in the Indian Ocean by the Australian coast guard.

Paramasivam Satheesh, 36, has driven an auto rickshaw — the most popular form of public transport in Colombo — for 15 years. The wait for fuel has gotten so long that he has stopped picking up fares.

He has used the little fuel he has left to drive his wife, Ganesan Kajanthiny, 35, and their 5-year-old son, Magadheesh, to Galle Face, an oceanfront park.

There they can pick up free food from the makeshift protest camp that has operated for months with the mission of forcing Mr. Rajapaksa’s resignation.

Mr. Satheesh is wary of the protest winding down too soon. “If they stop giving it, we’ll have to beg on the road,” he said.

His plan, if the fuel shortage eases, is to start picking up fares again, to earn enough money to apply for a passport. He could then look for work as a welder in Europe or the Middle East, and sell his auto rickshaw.

Glancing at his wife, Ms. Kajanthiny, in the back seat, he said, “She can manage alone.”

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

‘There’s Nothing’: Scarcity Deepens Desperation in Sri Lanka

“哪也去不了，什么都没有”：斯里兰卡人在绝望中挣扎

The New York Times

The woman stood in line for more than 14 hours for a passport, desperate to escape the economic crisis engulfing Sri Lanka.

她为了护照排了14个多小时的队，不顾一切地想要逃离席卷斯里兰卡（Sri Lanka）的经济危机。

engulf /ɪnˈɡʌlf/ 1) 表示“吞没”，英文解释为“If one thing engulfs another, it completely covers or hides it, often in a sudden and unexpected way.”举个🌰：

A seven-year-old boy was found dead after a landslide engulfed an apartment block.

山崩掩埋了一座公寓楼之后，一名7岁的男孩被发现遇难。

2) 表示“使陷于”，英文解释为“If a feeling or emotion engulfs you, you are strongly affected by it. ”如：the pain that engulfed him 他所陷入的痛苦。

Selwi Thangawelu, a Sri Lankan mother of two, had secured a job as a housekeeper in Kuwait. Her husband’s job as a garbage collector is no longer enough to cover food and fuel, the price of which has soared as the country’s situation grows increasingly dire.

塞尔维·坦加维卢（Selwi Thangawelu）是斯里兰卡的一名母亲，有两个孩子，她在科威特（Kuwait）找到了一份管家工作，以支付孩子们的学费和书本费。她丈夫的工作是收垃圾，目前的收入已经不够买食物和燃料，随着国家形势日益严峻，这些物资的价格还在飙升。

熟词僻义，作动词，表示“获得；设法得到；争取到”，英文解释为“to get something, sometimes with difficulty”举个🌰：

He was disappointed by his failure to secure the top job with the bank.

他因没能得到银行的高层工作而失望。

1）表示“急剧增加”，英文解释为“If the amount, value, level, or volume of something soars, it quickly increases by a great deal.”举个🌰：

Shares soared on the New York stock exchange.

纽约证券交易所股票暴涨。

2）表示“高飞，翱翔”，英文解释为“If something such as a bird soars into the air, it goes quickly up into the air.”举个🌰：

If you're lucky, a splendid golden eagle may soar into view.

幸运的话，一只金色雄鹰会跃入视线。

3）作动词，表示“升空；升腾”，英文解释为“to rise quickly and smoothly up into the air”举个🌰：

The rocket soared (up) into the air.

火箭升空。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇分析受疫情影响的旅游业的文章中提到：Soaring incomes in China explain part of the increase. 这一增长的部分原因是中国人收入猛增。

表示“极其严重的；危急的”，英文解释为“very serious”，如：living in dire poverty 生活赤贫，dire warnings/threats 严重的警告/威胁，举个🌰：

Such action may have dire consequences.

这种行为可能产生严重后果。

For three weeks, Ms. Thangawelu and her husband have survived on rice, saving the vegetables they can afford for their children.

三周以来，坦加维卢和丈夫只吃大米，能买得起的蔬菜都留给孩子们。

“I am a little scared,” she said, “but there’s no way to stay.”

“我有点害怕，”她说，“但不可能留下来。”

Sri Lanka, an island nation of nearly 22 million people, was once an economic hope, with a highly educated populace, a solid middle class and median income among the highest in South Asia. Now many people are living on the edge, unable to buy even the basics.

斯里兰卡是一个人口近2200万的岛国，有受过高等教育的民众、稳固的中产阶级和南亚最高的收入中位数，曾经在经济上大有前景。现在很多人的生活却岌岌可危，连最起码的生活所需都买不起。

Grocery shelves are barren, and what food is left is increasingly unaffordable. Fuel supplies are so low that people wait in line for days for a few gallons. Some people are marooned at home, while others travel long distances on foot, the main traffic on streets that months ago were busy with cars and auto rickshaws.

杂货店的货架上空荡荡的，剩下的食物也越来越难以负担。燃料供应太少，以至于人们要为几加仑油排队等候数日。一些人被困在家里，还有一些人则长途步行——几个月前汽车和机动车还很繁忙的街道上，如今的主要交通方式是步行。

barren /ˈbær.ən/ 1）表示“贫瘠的；不毛的”，英文解释为“unable to produce plants or fruit”举个🌰：

We drove through a barren, rocky landscape.

我们开车经过一个到处是岩石的不毛之地。

2）表示“无成果的；无效果的”，英文解释为“not creating or producing anything new”举个🌰：

She became very depressed during the barren years when she was unable to paint.

在无法作画、作品匮乏的那几年里，她变得非常消沉。

marooned /məˈruːnd/ 表示“困在某处的，处于无法脱身的困境中的”，英文解释为“left in a place from which you cannot escape”举个🌰：

What would you miss most if you found yourself marooned on a desert island?

如果你发现自己被困于荒岛，你最想念的会是什么？

“This is the first time in my life that it is so hard,” said Deyarathna Liyanage, an 80-year-old farmer.

“这是我人生中第一次这么艰难，”80岁的农民德亚拉特纳·利亚纳盖（Deyarathna Liyanage）说。

His family is among the more fortunate. At a time when many in the country are going hungry, they can subsist on their vegetable garden, banana trees and rice from a small paddy.

他的家庭是比较幸运的。在这个国家许多人挨饿的时候，他们可以靠自己的菜园、香蕉树和小稻田里的水稻维持生活。

表示“维持生计；勉强生存”，英文解释为“to get enough food or money to stay alive, but no more”举个🌰：

They were subsisting on a diet of bread and water.

他们靠面包和水勉强度日。

paddy表示“稻田；水田”，英文解释为“a field in which rice is grown”如：the paddy fields of China 中国的稻田。

“There’s nothing to eat. There’s no petrol. We can’t go anywhere,” he added. “There’s nothing at all.”

“没有什么可吃的。没有汽油。我们哪也去不了，”他还说。“什么都没有。”

The economic crisis came to a head this weekend, as thousands of people stormed the official residence and office of the president, Gotabaya Rajapaksa, demanding his resignation. A breakaway mob burned down the private home of the prime minister, Ranil Wickremesinghe.

这个周末，经济危机达到顶点，数以千计的人冲进总统戈塔巴雅·拉贾帕克萨（Gotabaya Rajapaksa）的官邸和办公室，要求他辞职。另一群人烧毁了总理拉尼尔·维克勒马辛哈（Ranil Wickremesinghe）的私人住宅。

表示“到紧要关头”，英文解释为“If something comes to a head or someone brings something to a head, a situation reaches a point where something must be done about it.”举个🌰：

Things hadn't been good between us for a while and this incident just brought it to a head.

我们之间的关系恶化有一段时间了，而这件事更是雪上加霜。

表示“暴民，乱民”，英文解释为“a large, angry crowd, especially one that could easily become violent”。

Mr. Rajapaksa hasn’t been seen or heard from publicly since the protesters’ break-in, but on Monday a spokesman for the prime minister reconfirmed the president’s plan to step down.

自抗议者闯入以来，拉贾帕克萨一直没有公开露面或发布消息，但在周一，总理的一位发言人再次证实了总统的辞职计划。

step down等同于step aside，表示“退位”，英文解释为“If someone steps down or steps aside, they resign from an important job or position, often in order to let someone else take their place.”举个🌰：

He has decided to step down as captain of the team.

他决定不再当队长。

类似的还有，

📍quit，除了退出，离开的含义，也有：辞去（工作）；辞职，的含义（If you quit, or quit your job, you choose to leave it.）举个🌰：

He quit his job as an office boy.

他辞去了办公室勤杂员的工作。

📺美剧《恋爱手册》（A To Z）中的台词提到：Quit my job and then ask him out? 辞职然后约他出去？

📍resign 1）表示“辞职”，英文解释为“If you resign from a job or position, you formally announce that you are leaving it.”举个🌰：

He resigned his position last month.

他上个月辞去了他的职位。

2）表示“使屈从”，英文解释为“If you resign yourself to an unpleasant situation or fact, you accept it because you realize that you cannot change it.”举个🌰：

Jane and I resigned ourselves to yet another summer without a boat.

简和我将就着又过了一个没有船的夏天。

Whoever ends up running Sri Lanka will inherit a crisis without an easy resolution. The country is essentially bankrupt, financial straits made worse by rising inflation worldwide. And vital creditors, like India, have indicated that their largess is not unlimited, leaving the country without much ability to import much-needed fuel, food and medicine.

无论谁最终执掌斯里兰卡，都将接手一场无法轻易解决的危机。这个国家实质上已经破产，全球范围内的通货膨胀令其财政状况更加糟糕。像印度这样的重要债权国已经表示，他们的慷慨不是无限度的，这使得斯里兰卡没有太多能力进口急需的燃料、食品和药品。

表示“通货膨胀”，英文解释为“a general, continuous increase in prices”如：high/low inflation 高/低通货膨胀。

largesse /lɑːˈʒes/ = largess 表示“慷慨捐助，施舍；（给穷人的）善款”，英文解释为“willingness to give money, or money given to poor people by rich people”举个🌰：The medical foundation will be the main beneficiary of the millionaire's largesse. 这个医药基金会将是那位百万富翁慷慨捐助的主要受益者。

Ordinary Sri Lankans are paying the price for government mismanagement and missteps.

斯里兰卡普通民众正在为政府的管理不善和失策付出代价。

Mr. Liyanage used to contribute to the family’s income by selling rice, which he grew using chemical fertilizers from the government. Then officials banned fertilizers overnight, battering harvests. After the misguided policy was lifted, the price of fertilizer soared, and the government stopped giving it away.

利亚纳盖原本通过出售大米来增加家庭收入，他使用政府提供的化肥种植水稻。随后，官员们一夜之间禁止了施肥，严重影响了收成。这一错误的政策被取消后，肥料价格飙升，政府也停止了免费供应。

fertilizer / fertiliser /'fɜːtɪlaɪsə/ 表示“肥料”，英文解释为“a substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully”，如：化学肥料 chemical fertilisers。

📍2018年政府工作报告中提到，化肥农药使用量实现零增长 achieved zero growth in chemical fertilizer and pesticide use.

He now uses compost, which he said resulted in yields only about a fifth of what he used to harvest.

他现在使用的是堆肥，他说，这导致产量只有过去的五分之一左右。

作动词，表示“把…制成堆肥；施堆肥于...”，英文解释为“To compost things such as unwanted bits of plants means to make them into compost.”

本身直接作名词，表示“混合肥料；堆肥”，英文解释为“decaying plant material that is added to soil to improve its quality”。

“Before there was a good profit from rice,” he said. “Now, it’s a loss if we sell it, but it’s still cheaper to grow than to buy.”

“以前，种水稻能获得很好的利润，”他说。“现在卖大米会亏钱，但是种植仍然比购买合算。”

Mohammed Rafiq, who sells mangos and mangosteens on the street, has so few customers that he has halved his prices, even though he is paying more to his supplier in southern Sri Lanka.

在街头兜售芒果、山竹的穆罕默德·拉菲克（Mohammed Rafiq）生意太冷清，以至于他将价格减半，尽管已经低于他从斯里兰卡南部的供货商进货的成本。

mangosteen /ˈmæŋ.ɡə.stiːn/ 表示“山竹，倒稔子，莽吉柿（一种热带水果）”，英文解释为“a tropical fruit with a thick reddish skin and white flesh inside that is divided into sections”举个🌰：

Mangosteens are among the most highly prized tropical fruits.

山竹是最珍贵的热带水果之一。

There is “less food, less electricity,” said Mr. Rafiq, a father of four. “Everything is less.”

“吃的少了，电少了，”四个孩子的父亲拉菲克说。“什么东西都少了。”

The streets of Colombo are mostly empty of cars now, except for those parked in lines stretching several blocks waiting for a turn at a fuel pump. Every few days, Sri Lanka’s energy minister posts updates on Twitter about the expected arrival of diesel and gasoline shipments — and people rush to get them.

除了堵在好几个街区排长队等着加油的汽车，如今科伦坡（Colombo）街上几乎看不见车了。斯里兰卡能源部长每隔几天就在Twitter上发布有关汽柴油预计运抵的最新消息，民众争相抢购。

diesel /ˈdiː.zəl/ 表示“柴油”，英文解释为“a type of heavy oil used as fuel”如：a diesel engine 柴油发动机。

Hamdan Fawmy, who normally drives tourists to Sri Lanka’s famous beaches and Buddhist temples, has hardly worked in months. Tourism, once the lifeblood of the Sri Lankan economy, has evaporated, first hit by the Covid pandemic and then by the turmoil.

哈姆丹·法米（Hamdan Fawmy）平时开车送游客去斯里兰卡著名海滩和佛寺观光，最近几个月基本没工作。旅游业曾是斯里兰卡的经济命脉，在新冠疫情以及随后动乱的打击下，如今已然蒸发殆尽。

evaporate /ɪˈvæpəˌreɪt/ 表示“（逐渐）消失，消散，衰减”，英文解释为“to disappear, especially by gradually becoming less and less”举个🌰：

Her confidence had now completely evaporated.

她的信心已消失殆尽。

turmoil /ˈtɜːmɔɪl/ 表示“混乱；骚乱”，英文解释为“Turmoil is a state of confusion, disorder, uncertainty, or great anxiety.”举个🌰：

She lived through the turmoil of the French Revolution.

她经历过法国大革命的混乱之后仍旧活着。

He waited in his compact S.U.V. for four days this week to refuel. With strict rations in place, he was only given enough for two days of driving.

为了给车加油，他这周坐在自己的紧凑型SUV里等了四天。因为有严格的配给，他加到的油只够开两天。

作形容词，指紧凑的；体积小的；作名词表示“小型汽车”，英文解释为“ A compact or a compact car is a car that is smaller than the average car, and that is economical to run.”

📍SUV：A sport utility vehicle is a powerful vehicle with four-wheel drive that can be driven over rough ground. The abbreviation is often used. 运动型多功能车（四轮驱动、可在崎岖路段行驶）

表示“（尤指在分配物短缺时的）配给量，定量配给”，英文解释为“a limited amount of something that one person is allowed to have, especially when there is not much of it available”举个🌰：

During the war, no one was allowed more than their ration of food, clothing and fuel.

战争期间，所有人得到的食物、衣服和燃料都不得超过其配给量。

He fears the protesters’ success — in forcing Mr. Rajapaksa to resign — will only make things worse. “If there’s no government, will it be eight days of waiting? Will there be fuel at all?”

他担心抗议者的成功——即迫使拉贾帕克萨辞职——只会让事情变得更糟。“如果没有政府，是不是要等八天？到时候还会有汽油吗？”

The inequalities in the country have deepened in the desperation. For a small sliver of the population, the economic collapse is more of an inconvenience than a true hardship. Wealthier Sri Lankans with access to funds outside the country can more easily ride out the inflation pressures, given the rapidly falling rupee.

绝望让这个国家的不平等现状愈演愈烈。对于极少数人来说，经济崩溃与其说是真实存在的困境，不如说更像一种不便。鉴于斯里兰卡卢比迅速贬值，能够获得外国资金的斯里兰卡富人更容易摆脱通胀的压力。

1）表示“安然渡过（难关）”，英文解释为“to continue to exist during a difficult situation and until it ends, without serious harm”举个🌰：

Many companies did not manage to ride out the recession.

经济衰退时期，许多公司没能渡过难关。

2）表示“（船）平安度过（暴风雨）”，英文解释为“If a ship rides out a period of bad weather, it continues to float during it, without serious damage.”举个🌰：

The ship managed to ride out the storm.

这艘轮船平安度过了风暴。

rupee /ruːˈpiː/ 表示“卢比（印度、巴基斯坦、毛里求斯、尼泊尔、斯里兰卡和塞舌尔等国的标准货币单位）”，英文解释为“the standard unit of money used in India, Pakistan, Mauritius, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and the Seychelles”

At a branch of an upmarket grocery store, Keells, there was plenty of fresh produce and bulk grains, although prices have tripled since April. Racks of imported ice cream, chocolate and alcohol were empty.

高档食品杂货店基尔斯的一家分店供应了丰富的新鲜农产品和散装谷物，尽管价格自4月以来已经涨了两倍。货架上的进口冰淇淋、巧克力和酒水都已售空。

On Sunday, women in finely stitched silk saris and men in bespoke suits filled the ballroom at the Kingsbury, one of Colombo’s luxury hotels, for an elaborate wedding engagement party. A day earlier, protesters with tear gas burning their eyes found the doors to the hotel locked.

周日，科伦坡的高档酒店金斯伯里的宴会厅里满是身着精美丝绸纱丽的女人和定制西装的男人，他们来参加一场盛大的订婚仪式。一天前，被催泪弹灼伤眼睛的抗议者发现酒店的大门是锁着的。

1）表示“缝；缝合；缝补”，英文解释为“to sew two things together, or to repair something by sewing”举个🌰：

This button needs to be stitched back onto my shirt.

这粒纽扣得缝回到我的衬衫上。

2）表示“缝制（衣服）”，英文解释为“to make a piece of clothing”举个🌰：

I must discard these old shirts and stitch some before next summer.

明年春天前我必须扔掉这些旧衣服，缝一些新的。

“Sri Lanka’s poor and middle classes have shown that they are very politicized, they have no patience any longer, they are ready to act and take direct action any moment,” said Jayadeva Uyangoda, a professor of political science at University of Colombo.

“斯里兰卡的穷人和中产阶级已经表明，他们是高度政治化的，他们再也没有耐心了，他们随时准备采取直接行动，”科伦坡大学的政治学教授贾亚德瓦·乌扬戈达（Jayadeva Uyangoda）说。

The crisis has derailed years of progress. Schools have been closed in recent weeks in a bid to save fuel. Pharmacies are out of standard over-the-counter medicines. Companies have forced employees to take pay cuts.

危机破坏了多年的发展成果。最近几周，为了节省燃料，学校已经关闭。药店的标准非处方药全都断货。企业也在迫使员工接受降薪。

derail /dɪˈreɪl/ 1）表示“打乱（原定计划）；阻挠”，英文解释为“To derail something such as a plan or a series of negotiations means to prevent it from continuing as planned.”举个🌰：

Renewed fighting threatens to derail the peace talks.

重燃的战火对和谈构成了威胁。

2）表示“脱轨”，英文解释为“If a train is derailed or if it derails, it comes off the track on which it is running.”举个🌰：

At least two people were killed when a train was derailed in an isolated mountain region.

火车在一片偏僻的山区脱轨，导致至少两人死亡。

📺美剧《24小时》（24）第八季中的台词提到：but the allegations alone could derail the peace process. 但光这谣言就能破坏和谈进程。

🎬电影《超级8》（Super 8）第八季中的台词提到：How could a pick-up truck derail a train? That's impossible. 一辆卡车怎么能让整个火车脱轨 不可能啊。

pharmacy /ˈfɑːməsɪ/表示“药店；（医院的）药房，配药室；药剂学，配药学；一批备用药品”，英文解释为“a shop/store, or part of one, that sells medicines and drugs; the study of how to prepare medicines and drugs”。

As head of human resources for a Sri Lankan company, Gimhanikari Yawasam, 41, has had to field many difficult calls from employees upset about recent salary cuts. “From an organizational level, we are doing our best to support their well-being, but what we can offer is limited,” she said.

41岁的金哈尼卡里·亚瓦萨姆（Gimhanikari Yawasam）在一家斯里兰卡企业做人力主管，不得不接听许多员工的抱怨电话，他们都对最近的降薪感到不满。“站在管理的角度，我们在尽最大努力支持他们的福祉，但我们能提供的帮助是有限的，”她说。

1）表示“巧妙地回答”，英文解释为“to avoid answering a question directly”举个🌰：

He fielded some awkward questions very skilfully.

他非常巧妙地回答了几个尴尬的问题。

2）表示“使参加活动（或比赛）；组织参加”，英文解释为“to have or produce a team of people to take part in an activity or event”举个🌰：

The company fielded a group of experts to take part in the conference.

公司组建了一个专家团去参加会议。

She and other employees started working from home several weeks ago, since public transportation options have disappeared, with the nation’s fuel supplies nearly depleted.

她与其他员工几周前开始在家工作，因为全国燃料供应基本耗尽，公共交通已经不复存在。

表示“消耗；耗费（资源、金钱、精力等）；耗尽……的资源；使减少，弄空；使精疲力竭”，英文解释为“to reduce something in size or amount, especially supplies of energy, money, etc.”举个🌰：

If we continue to deplete the earth's natural resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment.

如果我们继续消耗地球上的自然资源，将对环境造成严重的破坏。

At home, she and her children find their work is often interrupted by power cuts. When her mother suffered from a stomach bug recently, Ms. Yawasam couldn’t find antibiotics.

在家里，她与孩子们的工作和学业经常被停电打断。最近，亚瓦萨姆的母亲肠胃不适，但她买不到抗生素。

1）表示“（计算机程序中出现的）缺陷，漏洞”，英文解释为“a mistake or problem in a computer program”举个🌰：

A bug caused the company's computer system to crash.

程序缺陷导致公司的计算机系统崩溃。

2）表示“小虫子”，英文解释为“a very small insect”

3）表示“（引起小毛病的）细菌；病毒”，英文解释为“a bacteria or a virus causing an illness that is usually not serious”举个🌰：

I had a tummy/stomach bug last week.

上周我的肠胃出了点小毛病。

表示“抗生素，抗菌素”，英文解释为“a medicine or chemical that can destroy harmful bacteria in the body or limit their growth”举个🌰：

I'm taking antibiotics for a throat infection.

因为嗓子发炎我正服用抗生素。

“We have been struggling with so many issues, but now it has become critical,” she said.

“我们一直被许多问题困扰，但现在情况变得生死攸关了，”她说。

An increasing number of Sri Lankans are eager to join the 3 million people in the diaspora, many of them refugees from the country’s civil war, which ended in 2009.

斯里兰卡有300万海外侨民，其中许多是在2009年内战结束后逃离的难民，如今，越来越多的斯里兰卡人渴望加入他们的行列。

diaspora /daɪˈæs.pər.ə/ 表示“（一国人口向其他国家的）流散，大移居”，英文解释为“the spreading of people from one original country to other countries”

In this crisis, people have been standing in line for days at Colombo’s passport office. Dozens trying to flee by boat have been apprehended in the Indian Ocean by the Australian coast guard.

危机之中，有民众在科伦坡的护照办事处排队达数日之久。数十名试图乘船逃离的人在印度洋被澳大利亚的海岸警卫队抓捕。

apprehend /ˌæp.rɪˈhend/ 表示“逮捕；拘捕”，英文解释为“to catch and arrest someone who has not obeyed the law”举个🌰：

The police have finally apprehended the killer.

警察终于抓住了凶手。

Paramasivam Satheesh, 36, has driven an auto rickshaw — the most popular form of public transport in Colombo — for 15 years. The wait for fuel has gotten so long that he has stopped picking up fares.

36岁的帕拉玛西瓦姆·萨西什（Paramasivam Satheesh）15年来一直开一辆机动三轮车谋生，这是科伦坡最受欢迎的公共交通工具。因为等待加油的时间太久，他已经不再载客了。

1）表示“出租车乘客”，英文解释为“someone who pays to be driven somewhere in a taxi”

2）表示“车费；车票价”，英文解释为“the money that you pay for a journey in a vehicle such as a bus or train”举个🌰：

Train fares are going up again.

火车票又涨价了。

3）熟词僻义，表示“常见的东西；供大众使用的东西（尤指娱乐活动）”，英文解释为“material provided for use, consumption, or enjoyment”。

He has used the little fuel he has left to drive his wife, Ganesan Kajanthiny, 35, and their 5-year-old son, Magadheesh, to Galle Face, an oceanfront park.

他靠剩下的一点汽油载着35岁的妻子甘尼桑·卡詹蒂尼（Ganesan Kajanthiny）和他们的5岁儿子马加迪什（Magadheesh）去了加勒菲斯海滨公园。

There they can pick up free food from the makeshift protest camp that has operated for months with the mission of forcing Mr. Rajapaksa’s resignation.

在那里，他们可以从临时搭建的抗议营地领取免费食物，这处营地已经运作了好几个月，其使命就是迫使拉贾帕克萨辞职。

Mr. Satheesh is wary of the protest winding down too soon. “If they stop giving it, we’ll have to beg on the road,” he said.

萨西什不愿意抗议活动太早结束。“如果他们不再发食物，我们就只能在路上乞讨了，”他说。

表示“（对待人或事物时）小心的，谨慎的，留神的，小心翼翼的”，英文解释为“careful when dealing with sb/sth because you think that there may be a danger or problem”举个🌰：

She was wary of getting involved with him.

她唯恐和他有牵连。 

📺美剧《迷失》（Lost）中的台词提到：I think you'll find people slightly wary of entering the jungle 我想你会发现 以后人们进丛林会很谨慎的。

1）表示“（劳累或担心之后）放松下来”，英文解释为“to gradually relax after doing something that has made you tired or worried”举个🌰：

When he goes on holiday, it takes him the first couple of days just to wind down.

他去度假时，开始的几天只是放松放松。

2）表示“逐步减少（业务或活动等直至停止）”，英文解释为“If someone winds down a business or activity, they gradually reduce the amount of work that is done or the number of people that are involved, usually before closing or stopping it completely.”

His plan, if the fuel shortage eases, is to start picking up fares again, to earn enough money to apply for a passport. He could then look for work as a welder in Europe or the Middle East, and sell his auto rickshaw.

如果燃料短缺情况缓解，他计划重新开始拉客人，赚够钱就去申请护照。然后他就可以在欧洲或者中东找一份焊工的工作，卖掉他的三轮车。

welder /ˈwel.dər/ 表示“焊工”，英文解释为“a person whose job is welding”

Glancing at his wife, Ms. Kajanthiny, in the back seat, he said, “She can manage alone.”

他看了一眼后座的妻子卡詹蒂尼说，“她一个人能应付得来。”

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