CNN报道重庆山火
近日，极端高温天气导致重庆多地引发山火。
无注释原文：
Wildfires rage as China's Chongqing suffers unrelenting record heat wave
From: CNN
August 23, 2022
Thousands of emergency responders are battling to contain fast-spreading wildfires in China's southwestern city of Chongqing amid a weeks-long, record heat wave in the region.
The fires, which have been visible at night from parts of the downtown area, have swept forests and mountains around the mega city in recent days.
On social media, residents in downtown Chongqing complained of smelling smoke inside their apartments, while others posted pictures of burning embers from the fires reaching their balconies.
Since August 18, wildfires had broken out in multiple outlying districts, local authorities said. The municipality is home to more than 32 million people.
Municipal authorities have not yet reported any casualties and said the fires are being kept under control, according to an update on Tuesday morning.
More than 1,500 residents have been relocated to safe zones, while 5,000 firefighters, police, local officers and volunteers, and seven firefighting helicopters have been dispatched to help combat the blazes, state-run Xinhua news agency reported.
As of Tuesday, all districts and counties in Chongqing have issued an order that forbids the usage of fire in the wild and activities that are prone to fires.
The fires in Chongqing were the result of "spontaneous combustion" mainly caused by extremely high temperatures, Bai Ye, a professor at China's Forest and Grassland Fire Prevention and Extinguishing Research Center told state-run Beijing Daily.
The wildfires are another knock-on effect of a crippling heat wave -- China's worst since 1961 -- that has swept through southwestern, central and eastern parts of the country in recent weeks, with temperatures crossing 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) in more than 100 cities.
They are also part of a global trend of wildfires that have ravaged areas from Australia to California, with scientists saying elevated global temperatures due to human-driven climate change increase the risk of these events.
China's heat wave has also brought surging demand for air conditioning and reductions in hydropower capacity due to drought conditions that have hit the country's commercially critical Yangtze River and connected waterways.
Earlier this week, Sichuan province, neighboring Chongqing, extended temporary power outages at factories in 19 of the region's 21 cities. The power cuts will now run until at least Thursday, in a move the local government says will ensure residential power supplies. Last week, the province's capital city Chengdu began dimming lights in subway stations in a bid to save electricity.
Chongqing enacted an order for factories to suspend operations for seven days starting last Wednesday, according to state media.
On Tuesday morning, China issued a red alert heat warning, the highest of four color-coded levels, to at least 165 cities and counties across the country.
According to China's Meteorological Administration, temperatures in these cities are expected to surpass 40 degrees Celsius in the next 24 hours.
Another 373 cities or counties across China issued the second-highest orange alert warning, the administration reported, stressing that temperatures above 37 degrees Celsius are expected in these cities in the next three days.
China's Central Meteorological Observatory in a statement on Tuesday advised people to avoid outdoor activities during high temperature periods and limit work under hot conditions.
Chinese authorities have previously said more than 900 million people across the country have been affected by the heat wave this summer.
- ◆ -
注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应
含注释全文：
Wildfires rage as China's Chongqing suffers unrelenting record heat wave
From: CNN
August 23, 2022
Thousands of emergency responders are battling to contain fast-spreading wildfires in China's southwestern city of Chongqing amid a weeks-long, record heat wave in the region.
数千名应急人员正在奋力遏制中国西南部城市重庆快速蔓延的山火，该地区正经历长达数周的创纪录酷热时期。
contain
1）表示“防止…蔓延（或恶化）”，英文解释为“to prevent sth harmful from spreading or getting worse”如：to contain an epidemic 防止流行病的蔓延。
2）表示“控制，克制，抑制（感情）”，英文解释为“to keep your feelings under control”举个🌰：
She was unable to contain her excitement.
她无法抑制内心的激动。
🎬电影《哥斯拉》（Godzilla）中的台词提到：That's why our mission was to contain it. 所以我们的主要任务是控制它。
📍类似的一个词，restrain表示“阻止，制止；遏制”（to control the actions or behaviour of someone by force, especially in order to stop them from doing something, or to limit the growth or force of something）举个🌰：
She was so angry that she could hardly restrain herself.
她气得几乎都控制不住自己。
📍类似的短语：keep/ get sth under control，举个🌰：
You should learn to keep your temper under control.
你应该学会控制自己的脾气。
The fires, which have been visible at night from parts of the downtown area, have swept forests and mountains around the mega city in recent days.
最近几天，大火席卷了这座大城市周围的森林和山脉，在市中心的部分地区晚上可以看到火光。
downtown
可以作名词，也可以作形容词表示“在市中心，往市中心（尤指商业中心区）”，英文解释为“in or towards the centre of a city, especially its main business area”。
sweep
sweep作动词，可以表示“风行，风靡，迅速蔓延，迅速传播；席卷；横扫”，英文解释为“to quickly spread through and influence an area”举个🌰：
A flu epidemic is sweeping through Moscow.
一场流感正在莫斯科迅速传播。
📺电视剧《王冠》（The Crown）中的台词提到：Independence is sweeping across the continent. 独立运动席卷这片大陆。
📺动画片《辛普森一家》（The Simpsons）中的台词提到：A plague is sweeping through Springfield. 一场瘟疫正席卷斯普林菲尔德。
📍sweeping作形容词，1）表示“影响广泛的；大范围的；根本性的；意义深远的”，英文解释为“having an important effect on a large part of sth”如：sweeping changes 彻底变化，举个🌰：
They were given sweeping powers to search homes.
他们授予入户搜查的极大权力。
🎬电影《沉默》（Silence）中的台词提到：He wrote those words during the most sweeping persecution of all. 他写下这些话时 正经历着最为残酷的迫害。
2）sweeping statement/generalization 表示“泛泛之谈；一概而论的说法；过于笼统的概括”，英文解释为“something that you say or write that is too general and that has not been carefully thought about”举个🌰：
Sweeping generalizations about this complex and difficult situation are not helpful.
对这种复杂困难的情形作泛泛之谈是没有用的。
On social media, residents in downtown Chongqing complained of smelling smoke inside their apartments, while others posted pictures of burning embers from the fires reaching their balconies.
在社交媒体上，重庆市中心的居民抱怨他们的小区里闻到了燃烧烟味，而其他人则贴出了火灾灰烬飘到阳台的照片。
ember
ember /ˈem.bər/ 表示“余火未尽的木块（或煤块）”，英文解释为“a piece of wood or coal, etc. that continues to burn after a fire has no more flames”举个🌰：
We sat by the glowing/dying embers of the fire.
我们坐在余火未尽/将尽的炉火旁。
Since August 18, wildfires had broken out in multiple outlying districts, local authorities said. The municipality is home to more than 32 million people.
当地政府称，自8月18日以来，多个边远地区爆发了山火。该市有3200万多人居住。
outlying
表示“远离城镇的；远离中心的；边远的”，英文解释为“far away from main towns and cities, or far from the centre of a place”举个🌰：
Many of the students travel in by bus from outlying areas.
很多学生乘坐公共汽车从偏远地区到市区上学。
municipality
municipality /mjuːˌnɪs.ɪˈpæl.ə.ti/ 表示“市，自治市；市政府，市政当局”，英文解释为“a city or town with its own local government, or the local government itself”举个🌰：
The municipality provides services such as water and rubbish collection.
市政当局提供供电、供水及垃圾清理等服务。
Municipal authorities have not yet reported any casualties and said the fires are being kept under control, according to an update on Tuesday morning.
根据周二上午的最新消息，市政府官方尚未报告任何伤亡情况，并表示火势正在得到控制。
More than 1,500 residents have been relocated to safe zones, while 5,000 firefighters, police, local officers and volunteers, and seven firefighting helicopters have been dispatched to help combat the blazes, state-run Xinhua news agency reported.
据官方新华社报道，1500多名居民已被转移到安全区，5000名消防员、警察、当地官员和志愿者以及7架消防直升机已被派往协助灭火。
relocate
表示“（使）搬迁，迁移；重新安置”，英文解释为“to move or to move sb/sth to a new place to work or operate”举个🌰：
The firm may be forced to relocate from Hangzhou to Shanghai.
公司也许会被迫从杭州迁移到上海。
blaze
通常用于新闻报道中，作名词，表示“火灾，烈火，大火”，如：灭火、控制火势fight/tackle/control a blaze，化工厂的一场大火 a huge chemical factory blaze。
📍补充：形容词性ablaze /əˈbleɪz/
1）表示“熊熊燃烧的”，英文解释为“Something that is ablaze is burning very fiercely.”举个🌰：
Stores, houses, and vehicles were set ablaze.
商店、房子和车辆被大火烧着了。
2）表示“光彩夺目的”，英文解释为“If a place is ablaze with lights or colours, it is very bright because of them.”举个🌰：
The chamber was ablaze with light.
该大厅当时灯火辉煌。
As of Tuesday, all districts and counties in Chongqing have issued an order that forbids the usage of fire in the wild and activities that are prone to fires.
截至周二，重庆市所有区县都发布了一项命令，禁止在野外用火以及其他容易引起火灾的用火行为。
as of
表示“自…起；到...时候为止”，英文解释为“used to indicate a time or date at which something begins or ends”举个🌰：
As of next month, all the airline's fares will be going up.
自下月起，所有航空公司的机票价格都将上调。
be prone to
表示“易于（受某事物影响或做某事）的”，英文解释为“To be prone to something, usually something bad, means to have a tendency to be affected by it or to do it.”举个🌰：
For all her experience as a television reporter, she was still prone to camera nerves.
尽管有丰富的做电视记者的经验，她仍然倾向于在镜头前紧张。
The fires in Chongqing were the result of "spontaneous combustion" mainly caused by extremely high temperatures, Bai Ye, a professor at China's Forest and Grassland Fire Prevention and Extinguishing Research Center told state-run Beijing Daily.
中国森林草原防灭火研究中心白夜告诉官方媒体《北京日报》，极端高温天气导致的森林“自燃”是近期重庆山火频繁的重要因素。
spontaneous
表示“自发的；非筹划安排的；非勉强的”，英文解释为“happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any planning or without being forced”举个🌰：
His jokes seemed spontaneous, but were in fact carefully prepared beforehand.
他讲的笑话似乎是即兴的，但实际上是事先精心准备好的。
combustion
combustion /kəmˈbʌs.tʃən/ 表示“燃烧（过程）”，英文解释为“the process of burning”
extinguish
1）表示“熄灭，扑灭（火或光）”，英文解释为“to stop a fire or a light burning”举个🌰：
It took the firefighters several hours to extinguish the flames.
消防队员花了几个小时才将烈焰扑灭。
2）表示“使（想法或感情）破灭；使消亡；消除”，英文解释为“to stop or get rid of an idea or feeling”举个🌰：
Nothing could extinguish his love for her.
什么都无法熄灭他对她的爱情之火。
The wildfires are another knock-on effect of a crippling heat wave -- China's worst since 1961 -- that has swept through southwestern, central and eastern parts of the country in recent weeks, with temperatures crossing 40 degrees Celsius (104 degrees Fahrenheit) in more than 100 cities.
山火是最近几周席卷中国西南部、中部和东部的极端高温天气的另一个连锁效应，100多个城市的气温超过40摄氏度（104华氏度）。
knock-on effect
表示“连锁反应”，英文解释为“When an event or situation has a knock-on effect, it causes other events or situations, but not directly.”举个🌰：
If one or two trains run late, it has a knock-on effect on the entire rail service.
如果有一两列火车晚点，会进而影响整个铁路系统。
crippling
1）表示“严重损害健康的；致残的”，英文解释为“A crippling illness or disability is one that severely damages your health or your body.”
2）表示“极有害的”，英文解释为“If you say that an action, policy, or situation has a crippling effect on something, you mean it has a very serious, harmful effect.”举个🌰：
The high cost of capital has a crippling effect on many small firms.
高资本成本对许多小公司有着极坏的影响。
They are also part of a global trend of wildfires that have ravaged areas from Australia to California, with scientists saying elevated global temperatures due to human-driven climate change increase the risk of these events.
从澳大利亚到加利福尼亚的全球各地也有山火肆虐。科学家们表示，人类驱动的气候变化导致的全球气温升高增加了这些事件的风险。
ravage
ravage本身作动词，表示“严重毁坏，摧毁；重创”，英文解释为“to damage something very badly”举个🌰：
The country has been ravaged by civil war.
这个国家被内战摧毁了。
ravages作名词复数，表示“破坏；损害；毁坏”，英文解释为“the destruction caused by sth”如：the ravages of two world wars 两次世界大战造成的破坏。
elevate
1）表示“抬高；提高；使上升；举起”，英文解释为“to raise something or lift something up”；
2）表示“提升；提高；改进”，英文解释为“to make someone or something more important or to improve something”举个🌰：
They want to elevate the status of teachers.
他们想提高教师的社会地位。
elevated 作形容词 1）表示“提高的；升高的；抬高的”，英文解释为“raised”举个🌰：The doctor said I was to keep my leg elevated.
医生说我要保持腿部抬高。
2）表示“高出正常水平的；偏高的”，英文解释为“greater than is normal or reasonable”举个🌰：
He has a slightly elevated idea of his own importance.
他自视过高。
China's heat wave has also brought surging demand for air conditioning and reductions in hydropower capacity due to drought conditions that have hit the country's commercially critical Yangtze River and connected waterways.
中国的极端高温天气还带来了对空调的需求激增，并导致水力发电能力下降，原因是干旱条件对中国商业上至关重要的长江和相关水道造成了打击。
surge
1）作动词，表示“急剧上升；飞涨；剧增”，英文解释为“If something surges, it increases suddenly and greatly, after being steady or developing only slowly.”举个🌰：
The company's profits have surged.
公司的利润激增。
2）作名词，表示“剧增”，英文解释为“A surge is a sudden large increase in something that has previously been steady, or has only increased or developed slowly.”举个🌰：
An unexpected surge in electrical power caused the computer to crash.
突然出现的电压剧增导致电脑死机。
🎬电影《雷神2：黑暗世界》（Thor: The Dark World）中的台词提到：But she will not survive the amount of energy surging within her. 但她体内涌动的能量太大 她撑不住的。
hydropower
hydropower /ˈhaɪd.rəʊ.paʊər/ 表示“水力发电”，英文解释为“hydroelectric power (= the production of electricity by the force of fast moving water)”
Earlier this week, Sichuan province, neighboring Chongqing, extended temporary power outages at factories in 19 of the region's 21 cities. The power cuts will now run until at least Thursday, in a move the local government says will ensure residential power supplies. Last week, the province's capital city Chengdu began dimming lights in subway stations in a bid to save electricity.
本周早些时候，毗邻重庆的四川省延长了该地区21个城市中19个城市工厂的临时停电时间。停电将至少持续到周四，当地政府称此举将确保居民电力供应。上周，该省省会成都市开始调暗地铁站的灯光，以节省电力。
outage
表示“停电（等）期间”，英文解释为“a period when a service, such as electricity, is not available”举个🌰：
The radio news reported power outages affecting 12 homes.
广播新闻报道说停电影响到12户家庭。
dim
1）表示“（使）变暗，（使）亮度降低”，英文解释为“to (make something) become less bright”举个🌰：
Someone dimmed the lights.
有人调低了灯的亮度。
2）表示“（使）减弱，（使）变淡”，英文解释为“to (make a positive feeling or quality) become less strong”举个🌰：
Our hopes/expectations dimmed as the hours passed.
我们的希望/期望随着时间的流逝变得越来越渺茫了。
Chongqing enacted an order for factories to suspend operations for seven days starting last Wednesday, according to state media.
据官方媒体报道，重庆市下令工厂从上周三开始停产7天。
enact
1）表示“通过，实施，制定（法律）”，英文解释为“When a government or authority enacts a proposal, they make it into a law.”举个🌰：
The authorities have failed so far to enact a law allowing unrestricted emigration.
当局到目前为止还未能通过一项允许自由移民出境的法律。
2）表示“表演”，英文解释为“If people enact a story or play, they perform it by acting.”举个🌰：
She often enacted the stories told to her by her father.
她经常把父亲讲给她的故事表演出来。
3）表示“发生（尤指过去已发生的事件或情况）”，英文解释为“If a particular event or situation is enacted, it happens; used especially to talk about something that has happened before.”举个🌰：
It was a scene enacted month after month for eight years.
这是8年来月复一月出现的场景。
suspend
1）表示“（因犯错而）暂令停职；暂令停学；暂令停止参加活动”，英文解释为“If someone is suspended from work, school, etc., they are temporarily not allowed to work, go to school, or take part in an activity because of having done something wrong.”举个🌰：
He was suspended for four games after arguing with the referee.
跟裁判发生争执之后，他被停赛4场。
2）表示“暂停”，英文解释为“If you suspend something, you delay it or stop it from happening for a while or until a decision is made about it”举个🌰：
The union suspended the action this week.
工会本周暂停了这一行动。
📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述英国房价上涨的文章中提到：Britain has temporarily suspended stamp duty, a tax on buying houses. 英国已经暂停征收购房印花税。
3）表示“悬挂”，英文解释为“to hang”举个🌰：
The builders worked on wooden platforms, suspended by ropes from the roof of the building.
建筑工人站在用绳子从房顶上吊下来的木制平台上作业。
On Tuesday morning, China issued a red alert heat warning, the highest of four color-coded levels, to at least 165 cities and counties across the country.
周二上午，中国至少165个市县发布了红色预警，这是四个颜色编码级别中最高的一级。
According to China's Meteorological Administration, temperatures in these cities are expected to surpass 40 degrees Celsius in the next 24 hours.
据中国气象局称，这些城市的气温预计将在未来24小时内超过40摄氏度。
meteorological
meteorological /ˌmiːtɪərəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ 表示“气象的”，英文解释为“relating to weather conditions”举个🌰：
Accurate meteorological records began 100 years ago.
准确的气象记录始于100年前。
surpass
surpass表示“优于；超过”，英文解释为“If one person or thing surpasses another, the first is better than, or has more of a particular quality than, the second.”举个🌰：
He was determined to surpass the achievements of his older brothers.
他决心超过他的几位哥哥的成就。
Another 373 cities or counties across China issued the second-highest orange alert warning, the administration reported, stressing that temperatures above 37 degrees Celsius are expected in these cities in the next three days.
政府报告称，中国另有373个市县发布了第二高的橙色预警，强调未来三天这些城市的气温预计将超过37摄氏度。
China's Central Meteorological Observatory in a statement on Tuesday advised people to avoid outdoor activities during high temperature periods and limit work under hot conditions.
中国中央气象台周二在一份声明中建议人们在高温期间避免户外活动，并限制在高温条件下工作。
observatory
表示“天文台；天文观测站；气象台”，英文解释为“a special building from which scientists watch the stars, the weather, etc.”
Chinese authorities have previously said more than 900 million people across the country have been affected by the heat wave this summer.
中国官方此前曾表示，今年夏天全国9亿多人受到极端高温的影响。
- 今日盘点 -
contain
downtown
sweep
ember
outlying
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relocate
blaze
as of
be prone to
spontaneous
combustion
extinguish
knock-on effect
crippling
ravage
elevate
surge
hydropower
outage
dim
enact
suspend
meteorological
surpass
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2015年2月8日
2022年8月28日
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