羊了个羊是啥游戏？

无注释原文：

Gaming does not appear harmful to mental health, unless the gamer can't stop - Oxford study

From: The University of Oxford

Societies may tremble when a hot new video game is released, but the hours spent playing popular video games do not appear to be damaging players’ mental health, according to the largest-ever survey of nearly 40,000 gamers and their gaming habits, which was conducted over six weeks by a team from Oxford’s Internet Institute. That does not mean, however, that the research did not throw up some concerns – and, the team argues, much more information is needed before tech regulators, can really rest easy.

The research, published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, found no ‘causal link’ between gaming and poor mental health – whatever sort of games are being played. But Professor Andrew K. Przybylski, OII Senior Research Fellow, says the research did show a distinct difference in the experience of gamers who play ‘because they want to’ and those who play ‘because they feel they have to’.

He maintains, ‘We found it really does not matter how much gamers played [in terms of their sense of well-being]. It wasn’t the quantity of gaming, but the quality that counted…if they felt they had to play, they felt worse. If they played because they loved it, then the data did not suggest it affected their mental health. It seemed to give them a strong positive feeling.’

The ground-breaking survey of gamers was the most comprehensive to date, taking in multiple platforms and seven different games, including basic games, such as Animal Crossing: New Horizons, racing simulators such as Gran Turismo Sport and more competitive games, such as Apex Legends and Eve Online. And, says Professor Przybylski, there was no difference in impact on mental health – whether game involved moving to a new town with talking animals, as in Animal Crossing, or taking part in a battle royal-style game, such as Apex Legends.

Players own their gaming data, which is accumulated by the platforms, and nearly 40,000 people gave permission for it to be used for this research. Previous studies have often involved players keeping diaries of their reactions to gaming. The access to real-time gaming data gave only a tantalising insight into the impact of gaming, though, says Professor Przybylski. And, although the OII has made the data available to other academics, it is a drop in the ocean in terms of possible available data and only offers limited access.

Professor Przybylski explains, ‘About one billion people are playing video games worldwide. There are 3,000 games on the Nintendo platform alone. People play multiple games - and we were able to access information about 39,000 people playing just seven popular games.’

In order to answer the questions that parents, such as he, want answered, Professor Przybylski says, ‘We need to collect large representative samples and we need to do it at the platform level. Looking at just seven games, is like looking at seven foodstuffs – when you know Tesco's and the other supermarkets, sell thousands of different foods and shoppers fill diverse trollies’

Professor Przybylski has grown up playing games himself and, he says, such research is essential to understanding the real impact of gaming on the individual. Although today’s research suggests gaming may only be a negative influence only for those who feel compelled to game, rather than all users, there is much more to be learned.

‘These are just the first steps into the world of understanding how gaming fits into gamers’ lives,’ he says. ‘And it seems that why you are playing is the key factor. This is an exciting study, but there is a lot of work still to do.’

But months of negotiations with the gaming platforms, about the use of the data, preceded the research, followed by months of analysis. Analysing the data itself was the easy bit, says Professor Przybylski. The Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo platforms have complex relationships with hundreds of game developers and it is tricky to get everyone to agree that independent and rigorous science is in their players’ best interests. But, Professor Przybylski points out, the data belongs to the gamers – not to the platforms and not to the game developers, ‘Gamers have the legal right to donate their data…it would be an amazing step forward if we collected data at the platform level.’

He adds, ‘Players want to know what impact gaming has. Scientists want to know. Parents want to know. The Government wants to know. I want to know…and the information is there. This data needs to be open and it needs to be easy to share.’

Professor Przybylski concludes, ‘If the big gaming platforms care about their players’ well-being, they need to empower players and scientists to learn about how their products influence us, for good or ill.'

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

Gaming does not appear harmful to mental health, unless the gamer can't stop - Oxford study

From: The University of Oxford

Societies may tremble when a hot new video game is released, but the hours spent playing popular video games do not appear to be damaging players’ mental health, according to the largest-ever survey of nearly 40,000 gamers and their gaming habits, which was conducted over six weeks by a team from Oxford’s Internet Institute. That does not mean, however, that the research did not throw up some concerns – and, the team argues, much more information is needed before tech regulators, can really rest easy.

牛津大学互联网研究院（OII）的一个团队对近4万名游戏玩家及其游戏习惯进行了为期六周的调查，这是有史以来规模最大的一次调查，结果显示，当一款热门的新电子游戏发布时，可能会令人担心，但是玩流行电子游戏的时间似乎并没有损害玩家的心理健康。然而，这并不意味着这项研究没有引发一些担忧——该团队认为，在科技监管机构真正放心之前，还需要更多信息。

tremble /ˈtrem.bəl/ 表示“（通常因寒冷、害怕或情绪激动）颤抖，发抖；极担心；焦虑；恐惧”，英文解释为“to shake slightly, usually because you are cold, frightened, or very emotional；to be very worried or frightened”举个🌰：

When he came out of the water, he was trembling with cold.

他从水里出来时冷得直打哆嗦。

I trembled at the thought of having to make a speech.

我一想到得发表演讲心里就发怵。

rest easy = rest assured表示“（用于安慰某人）请放心，别担心”，英文解释为“used to tell someone not to worry and that you are in control of the situation”举个🌰：

"Rest assured," said the police officer. "We will find your son for you."

“您放宽心，”警察说：“我们会为您找到儿子的。”

📍「欧洲新闻台」（Euronews）在相关报道中的标题就用到了Rest assured，标题：Rest assured: Playing video games is unlikely to impact well-being, study says 放心吧：研究表明，玩电子游戏不太可能影响健康/幸福感。

The research, published in the journal Royal Society Open Science, found no ‘causal link’ between gaming and poor mental health – whatever sort of games are being played. But Professor Andrew K. Przybylski, OII Senior Research Fellow, says the research did show a distinct difference in the experience of gamers who play ‘because they want to’ and those who play ‘because they feel they have to’.

发表在《皇家学会开放科学》（Royal Society Open Science）期刊上的这项研究发现，无论玩什么游戏，游戏和不良心理健康之间都没有“因果关系”。但是牛津大学互联网研究院高级研究员安德鲁·普日比斯基（Andrew K. Przybylski）教授说，这项研究确实表明了“因为想玩”而玩游戏的玩家和“因为觉得必须要玩”而玩游戏的玩家的体验存在明显差异。

causal /ˈkɔː.zəl/ relationship/link 表示“因果关系（联系等）”，英文解释为“a relationship, link, etc. between two things in which one causes the other”举个🌰：

Is there a causal relationship between violence on television and violent behaviour?

电视暴力和暴力行为之间有因果关系吗？

distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ 表示“显著的，明显的；确实的”，英文解释为“clearly noticeable; that certainly exists”举个🌰：

There's a distinct smell of cigarettes in here.

这里确实有一股烟味儿。

He maintains, ‘We found it really does not matter how much gamers played [in terms of their sense of well-being]. It wasn’t the quantity of gaming, but the quality that counted…if they felt they had to play, they felt worse. If they played because they loved it, then the data did not suggest it affected their mental health. It seemed to give them a strong positive feeling.’

他坚持认为，“我们发现玩家玩了多少（就他们的幸福感而言）真的并不重要。重要的不是游戏的数量，而是质量……如果他们觉得自己必须玩，他们会感觉更糟。如果他们因为喜欢而玩，那么数据表明这并没有影响他们的心理健康。这似乎给了他们一种强烈的积极心态。”

The ground-breaking survey of gamers was the most comprehensive to date, taking in multiple platforms and seven different games, including basic games, such as Animal Crossing: New Horizons, racing simulators such as Gran Turismo Sport and more competitive games, such as Apex Legends and Eve Online. And, says Professor Przybylski, there was no difference in impact on mental health – whether game involved moving to a new town with talking animals, as in Animal Crossing, or taking part in a battle royal-style game, such as Apex Legends.

这项开创性的玩家调查是迄今为止最全面的，涉及多个平台七种不同的游戏，包括初级游戏，如《集合啦！动物森友会》（Animal Crossing: New Horizons），模拟赛车游戏，如《跑车浪漫旅：竞速》（Gran Turismo Sport），以及更具竞技性的游戏，如《Apex英雄》和《星战前夜：晨曦》（Eve Online）。普日比斯基教授说，无论游戏是像动森那样带着会说话的动物搬到一个新城镇，还是像《Apex英雄》那样参加皇家风格的战斗游戏，对心理健康的影响都没有区别。

ground-breaking可以解释为“开辟新天地的，独创的，开拓性的，里程碑性的”，英文解释为“You use groundbreaking to describe things which you think are significant because they provide new and positive ideas, and influence the way people think about things.” 如：groundbreaking research 开拓性的研究。

Players own their gaming data, which is accumulated by the platforms, and nearly 40,000 people gave permission for it to be used for this research. Previous studies have often involved players keeping diaries of their reactions to gaming. The access to real-time gaming data gave only a tantalising insight into the impact of gaming, though, says Professor Przybylski. And, although the OII has made the data available to other academics, it is a drop in the ocean in terms of possible available data and only offers limited access.

permission /pəˈmɪʃ.ən/ 表示“允许，许可，准许”，英文解释为“If someone is given permission to do something, they are allowed to do it.”举个🌰：

You will need permission from your parents to go on the trip.

表示“洞察力；深刻见解”，英文解释为“(the ability to have) a clear, deep, and sometimes sudden understanding of a complicated problem or situation”举个🌰：

It was an interesting book, full of fascinating insights into human relationships.

这是一本有趣的书，充满了对人际关系独到的见解。

表示“沧海一粟；杯水车薪”，英文解释为“a very small amount compared to the amount needed”

Professor Przybylski explains, ‘About one billion people are playing video games worldwide. There are 3,000 games on the Nintendo platform alone. People play multiple games - and we were able to access information about 39,000 people playing just seven popular games.’

普日比斯基教授解释说，“全世界大约有10亿人在玩电子游戏。仅任天堂平台上就有3000款游戏。人们玩各种游戏——而我们只能够获得大约39,000人、玩七种流行游戏的信息。”

In order to answer the questions that parents, such as he, want answered, Professor Przybylski says, ‘We need to collect large representative samples and we need to do it at the platform level. Looking at just seven games, is like looking at seven foodstuffs – when you know Tesco's and the other supermarkets, sell thousands of different foods and shoppers fill diverse trollies’

为了回答像他这样的父母想知道答案的问题，普日比斯基教授说，“我们需要收集大量有代表性的样本，我们需要在平台层面上这样做。只看七种游戏，就像当你知道特易购等其他超市，销售着数千种不同的食物，购物者装满不同的推车时，就看七种食物。”

foodstuff /ˈfuːd.stʌf/ 表示“食物；食品（原料）”，英文解释为“any substance that is used as food or to make food”举个🌰：

They lack basic foodstuffs, such as bread and milk.

他们缺乏面包和牛奶这样的基本食品。

trolley /ˈtrɒl.i/ 复数trolleys 或 trollies，表示“（装有两个或四个轮子、运送大件或重物的）手推车”，英文解释为“a small vehicle with two or four wheels that you push or pull to transport large or heavy objects on”如：a shopping trolley 购物车。

Professor Przybylski has grown up playing games himself and, he says, such research is essential to understanding the real impact of gaming on the individual. Although today’s research suggests gaming may only be a negative influence only for those who feel compelled to game, rather than all users, there is much more to be learned.

普日比斯基教授自己也是玩游戏长大的。他说，这样的研究对于理解游戏对个人的真正影响至关重要。尽管今天的研究表明，游戏可能只对那些觉得必须要玩游戏的人产生负面影响，而不是对所有人，但还有很多东西需要了解。

compelled /kəmˈpeld/ 表示“被迫地，不得不地”，英文解释为“having to do something, because you are forced to or feel it is necessary”举个🌰：

He felt compelled to report the incident.

他觉得必须报道这件事。

‘These are just the first steps into the world of understanding how gaming fits into gamers’ lives,’ he says. ‘And it seems that why you are playing is the key factor. This is an exciting study, but there is a lot of work still to do.’

他说，这只是了解游戏如何融入玩家生活的第一步。似乎你为什么玩游戏是关键因素。这是一项令人兴奋的研究，但仍有许多工作要做。'

But months of negotiations with the gaming platforms, about the use of the data, preceded the research, followed by months of analysis. Analysing the data itself was the easy bit, says Professor Przybylski. The Sony, Microsoft, and Nintendo platforms have complex relationships with hundreds of game developers and it is tricky to get everyone to agree that independent and rigorous science is in their players’ best interests. But, Professor Przybylski points out, the data belongs to the gamers – not to the platforms and not to the game developers, ‘Gamers have the legal right to donate their data…it would be an amazing step forward if we collected data at the platform level.’

但在研究之前，他们与游戏平台就数据的使用进行了数月的谈判，随后进行了数月的分析。普日比斯基教授说，分析数据本身很容易。索尼、微软和任天堂平台与数百家游戏开发商有着复杂的关系，，要让每个人都同意独立和严格的科学符合其玩家的最大利益是很棘手的。但是，普日比斯基教授指出，数据属于游戏玩家——不属于平台，也不属于游戏开发商，“游戏玩家有法律权利捐赠他们的数据……如果我们在平台层面收集数据，那将是一大惊人的进步。”

他补充道，“玩家想知道游戏有什么影响。科学家想知道。父母想知道。政府想知道。我想知道……信息就在那里。这些数据需要公开，需要易于分享。”

Professor Przybylski concludes, ‘If the big gaming platforms care about their players’ well-being, they need to empower players and scientists to learn about how their products influence us, for good or ill.'

普日比斯基教授总结道，“如果大型游戏平台关心玩家的福祉，无论好坏，他们需要让玩家和科学家了解他们的产品是如何影响我们的。”

empower /ɪmˈpaʊər/ 表示“给（某人）做…的权力；授权；使自主”，英文解释为“to give someone official authority or the freedom to do something”举个🌰：

This amendment empowers the president to declare an emergency for a wide range of reasons.

这一修正案授权总统可在一系列情形下宣布进入紧急状态。

- 今日盘点 -

tremble

rest easy

casual

distinct

quantity

ground-breaking

accumulate

permission

tantalise

insight

a drop in the ocean

foodstuff

trolley

essential

compelled

precede

rigorous

empower

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