刚刚，苏纳克正式成为英国首相

刚刚，里希·苏纳克（Rishi Sunak）在白金汉宫接受英国国王查尔斯三世的正式任命，成为英国新任首相，随后返回唐宁街10号首相府发表就职演说。

据了解，苏纳克是七周内的第三位英国首相，是两个世纪以来最年轻的首相，也是英国历史上首位亚裔首相。

🤔️小作业：

无注释原文：

Rishi Sunak Wins Contest to Lead U.K. and Confront Economic Storm

The New York Times

Rishi Sunak prevailed in a chaotic three-day race for leader of Britain’s Conservative Party on Monday, a remarkable political comeback that doubled as a historical milestone, making him the first person of color to become prime minister in British history.

The 42-year-old son of Indian immigrants, whose political career has already had its ups and downs, Mr. Sunak won the contest to replace the short-lived prime minister, Liz Truss, when his only remaining opponent, Penny Mordaunt, withdrew after failing to reach the threshold of 100 nominating votes from Conservative lawmakers.

Mr. Sunak, a former chancellor of the Exchequer, is expected to pull Britain back to more mainstream policies after Ms. Truss’s failed experiment in trickle-down economics, which rattled financial markets and badly damaged Britain’s fiscal reputation. He is also likely to offer a stark contrast to the flamboyant style and erratic behavior of Boris Johnson, his former boss and Ms. Truss’s discredited predecessor.

But Mr. Sunak will confront the gravest economic crisis in Britain in a generation, and he will do so at the helm of a badly fractured Conservative Party. Healing the rifts in the party, and leading the country through the economic crosswinds of the months to come, will require political skills at least as adroit as those that enabled Mr. Sunak to navigate the leadership contest.

Mr. Johnson’s decision to pull out of the race on Sunday night cleared a path for Mr. Sunak, who had challenged Ms. Truss last summer but lost to her in a vote of the party’s rank-and-file members. With Mr. Sunak the only surviving candidate this time, he was not subject to another vote of the members.

It was a head-spinning reversal of fortune for Mr. Sunak, whose abrupt resignation from Mr. Johnson’s cabinet last July set in motion Mr. Johnson’s downfall and pitched Britain into upheaval, culminating in Ms. Truss’s brief, calamitous stint.

Now, he will become Britain’s third prime minister in seven weeks, the youngest in two centuries and the first person of the Hindu faith to achieve its highest elected office.

A former investment banker whose wife is the daughter of an Indian technology billionaire, Mr. Sunak will also be one of the wealthiest people ever to occupy 10 Downing Street — something that could prove a vulnerability at a time when Britons are struggling to pay soaring gas bills. The Times of London this year estimated the couple’s worth at more than $800 million, placing them among the 250 wealthiest British people or families.

But if his victory swept away another barrier in British politics — putting Mr. Sunak in the same pathbreaking category as Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister, and Benjamin Disraeli, its only prime minister of Jewish heritage — it also thrust him into power at a singularly difficult moment.

“There is no doubt we face profound economic challenges,” Mr. Sunak said in brief, somewhat stiff, remarks after his victory. “We now need stability and unity, and I will make it my utmost priority to bring my party and country together.”

The man chosen to face all these challenges was born in Southampton, on England’s south coast, to Indian immigrants who had moved to Britain from East Africa. His father was a family doctor; his mother ran a pharmacy. They saved to send him to Winchester College, one of Britain’s most academically rigorous high schools, and then to Oxford University, where he studied philosophy, politics, and economics.

From there, Mr. Sunak worked at Goldman Sachs and at a hedge fund, and later earned an M.B.A. at Stanford University, where he met his wife, Akshata Murty. Her father is Narayana Murthy, the founder of Infosys, whose wealth Forbes magazine estimates at $4.5 billion.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Rishi Sunak Wins Contest to Lead U.K. and Confront Economic Storm

英国新首相苏纳克：创造历史，也面临经济难关

The New York Times

Rishi Sunak prevailed in a chaotic three-day race for leader of Britain’s Conservative Party on Monday, a remarkable political comeback that doubled as a historical milestone, making him the first person of color to become prime minister in British history.

周一，里希·苏纳克（Rishi Sunak）在为期三天的英国保守党领导人竞选混战中获胜，这是一次非凡的政治复出，同时也是历史性的里程碑，使他成为英国历史上第一位登上首相之位的有色人种人士。

主要有两个含义，

1）表示“（观点，原则）占上风，占优势，获胜”，英文解释为“If a proposal, principle, or opinion prevails, it gains influence or is accepted, often after a struggle or argument.”举个🌰：

Justice will prevail.

正义终将获胜。

Common sense prevails/Reason prevails (=a sensible decision is made).

常识/理智占了上风。

2）表示“盛行；普遍存在”，英文解释为“If a situation, attitude, or custom prevails in a particular place at a particular time, it is normal or most common in that place at that time.”举个🌰：

A similar situation prevails in China.

同样的情况在中国也普遍存在。

表示“混乱的；毫无秩序的”，英文解释为“in a state of chaos”举个🌰：

The house is a bit chaotic at the moment - we've got all these extra people staying and we're still decorating.

房子里现在有点混乱——我们有客人在这里而且还在进行装修。

1）表示“复辟；复出；东山再起；再度流行并变得时髦；再度获得成功”，英文解释为“an attempt to become famous, powerful, or important again after a period of being much less famous, etc.”举个🌰：

She's trying to make a comeback with her first album for 20 years.

她想凭借自己20年来的第一张专辑东山再起。

2）表示“（对批评迅速作出的）反驳，回应”，英文解释为“a quick reply to a critical remark”。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述经济学观点的文章中提到：But an interest in culture remained—and indeed is now making a comeback. 但对文化的兴趣并未消失，实际上如今它又东山再起了。

double /ˈdʌb.əl/ 表示“也可用作，还能当作”，英文解释为“to be also used as something else”举个🌰：

The kitchen table doubles as my desk when I'm writing.

我写东西时这个餐桌还可以当书桌用。

The 42-year-old son of Indian immigrants, whose political career has already had its ups and downs, Mr. Sunak won the contest to replace the short-lived prime minister, Liz Truss, when his only remaining opponent, Penny Mordaunt, withdrew after failing to reach the threshold of 100 nominating votes from Conservative lawmakers.

现年42岁的苏纳克是印度移民的后代，此前的政治生涯有起有落。他赢得竞选，将取代短暂执政的首相利兹·特拉斯（Liz Truss），而他唯一的对手佩妮·莫当特因未能达到100张保守党议员提名票的门槛而退出。

immigrant /ˈɪm.ɪ.ɡrənt/ 表示“（外来的）移民”，英文解释为“a person who has come to a different country in order to live there permanently”如：a large immigrant population 庞大的外来移民人口。

表示“界限；临界点；门槛；下限”，英文解释为“A threshold is an amount, level, or limit on a scale. When the threshold is reached, something else happens or changes.”举个🌰：

He has a high threshold for pain and a history of fast healing.

他的忍痛力很强，而且有迅速愈合的经历。

Mr. Sunak, a former chancellor of the Exchequer, is expected to pull Britain back to more mainstream policies after Ms. Truss’s failed experiment in trickle-down economics, which rattled financial markets and badly damaged Britain’s fiscal reputation. He is also likely to offer a stark contrast to the flamboyant style and erratic behavior of Boris Johnson, his former boss and Ms. Truss’s discredited predecessor.

此前，特拉斯的涓滴经济学尝试以失败告终，震动了金融市场，严重损害英国的财政声誉，曾担任财政大臣的苏纳克有望将英国拉回到更主流的政策上来。他还可能与特拉斯的前任鲍里斯·约翰逊（Boris Johnson）的张扬风格和古怪行为形成鲜明对比，如今名誉扫地的鲍里斯是他的前上司。

Chancellor of the Exchequer /ˌtʃɑːn.səl.ər əv ði eksˈtʃek.ər/ 表示“（英国）财政大臣”，英文解释为“the person in the UK government who is responsible for deciding tax levels and how much money the government can spend”

trickle-down /ˌtrɪk.əlˈdaʊn/ 表示“滴入式的，涓滴式的”，英文解释为“used to refer to a situation in which something that starts in the high parts of a system spreads to the whole of the system”举个🌰：

The supposed trickle-down effect of lower taxes for the rich has not yet resulted in greater prosperity for society as a whole.

预想中给富人减税的涓滴效应还没有给整个社会带来更多的繁荣。

rattle /ˈrætəl/ 1）表示“使慌乱，使紧张”，英文解释为“to make someone lose confidence or become nervous (informal)”举个🌰：

His mocking smile rattled her more than his anger.

他那种嘲讽的微笑比他的愤怒更让她慌乱。

2）表示“（使）发出咔嗒咔嗒的声音”，英文解释为“to make a series of short loud sounds when hitting against sth hard; to make sth do this”举个🌰：

Every time a bus went past, the windows rattled.

每逢公共汽车经过这里，窗户都格格作响。

1）表示“（对比）明显的，鲜明的”，英文解释为“If two things are in stark contrast to one another, they are very different from each other in a way that is very obvious.”如：stark differences 鲜明的区别，举个🌰：

The good weather was in stark contrast to the storms of previous weeks.

这时的好天气和前几个星期的暴风雨形成鲜明的对比。

2）表示“严酷的；赤裸裸的；真实而无法回避的”，英文解释为“unpleasant; real, and impossible to avoid”。

1）表示“炫耀的；卖弄的”，英文解释为“very confident in behaviour, and liking to be noticed by other people, for example because of the way you dress, talk, etc.”如：a flamboyant gesture 炫耀的姿态。

2）表示“色彩艳丽的，绚丽夺目的”，英文解释为“brightly coloured and easily noticed”如：flamboyant clothes 色彩艳丽的衣服。

表示“不规则的；不确定的；不稳定的；不可靠的”，英文解释为“not happening at regular times; not following any plan or regular pattern; that you cannot rely on”举个🌰：

The electricity supply here is quite erratic.

这里的电力供应相当不稳定。

📺美剧《犯罪心理》（Criminal minds）第六季中的台词提到：He'll change his M.O., and that'll make him erratic. 他会改变作案方式 情绪会因此而不稳定。

类似的：

📍unpredictable：someone who is unpredictable tends to change their behaviour or ideas suddenly, so that you never know what they are going to do or think 反复无常的，捉摸不透的。

表示“使名誉受损；使受到怀疑”，英文解释为“to cause people to stop respecting someone or believing in an idea or person”举个🌰：

Evidence of links with drug dealers has discredited him.

与贩毒分子有瓜葛的证据使他名誉扫地。

🎬电影《聚焦》（Spotlight）中的台词提到：But the church made a huge effort to discredit him. 但教会费了很大功夫去败坏他的名声。

predecessor表示“前任，前辈；原有事物，前身”，英文解释为“someone who had a job or a position before someone else, or something that comes before another thing in time or in a series”。

📍successor表示“继任者，接替者；继承人；接替的事物”，英文解释为“someone or something that comes after another person or thing”举个🌰：

This range of computers is very fast, but their successors will be even faster.

这个系列的电脑速度很快，但它的换代产品速度会更快。

But Mr. Sunak will confront the gravest economic crisis in Britain in a generation, and he will do so at the helm of a badly fractured Conservative Party. Healing the rifts in the party, and leading the country through the economic crosswinds of the months to come, will require political skills at least as adroit as those that enabled Mr. Sunak to navigate the leadership contest.

但是，苏纳克将面临英国数十年来最严重的经济危机，而且还将领导一个严重分裂的保守党。弥合党内的裂痕，带领国家度过未来几个月的经济难关需要相当的政治技巧，并不比在党魁竞逐中胜出来的轻松。

at the helm 表示“领导位置；掌管，负责”，英文解释为“You can say that someone is at the helm when they are leading or running a country or organization.”举个🌰： After more than a decade at the helm of the university, he today announced his retirement. 在掌管大学10多年后，他于今天宣布退休。

📍helm /hɛlm/ 原意表示“舵柄；舵轮”，英文解释为“the handle or wheel which controls the direction in which a ship or boat travels”；

📍 take the helm短语可以表示“开始负责，开始掌管；担任领导”（to start to officially control an organization or company）

📍2020年6月，Hello Kitty之父要卸任了时，BBC就提到：at the helm of Sanrio这个表达。

1）表示“（使）（骨头等硬物）破裂，（使）断裂，（使）折断”（If something hard, such as a bone, fractures, or is fractured, it breaks or cracks.）举个🌰：

She fractured her skull in the accident.

她在事故中颅骨骨折。

2）表示“（使）（组织或社团）分裂，（使）解体”，英文解释为“to divide an organization or society, or (of an organization or society) to be divided”。

1）表示“（地面或岩石上的）裂缝，裂口”，英文解释为“a large crack in the ground or in rock”举个🌰：

The stream had cut a deep rift in the rock.

溪流在岩石上冲刷出一条很深的沟。

2）表示“（人际关系的）裂痕；分歧，不和”，英文解释为“a serious disagreement that separates two people who have been friends and stops their friendship continuing”。

🎬电影《塞尔玛》（Selma）中的台词提到：and I apologize that our efforts have caused a rift between y'all. 我们做的一切给你们制造了矛盾 我需要道歉。

adroit /əˈdrɔɪt/ 表示“精明的；干练的；机敏的；灵巧的:”，英文解释为“very skilful and quick in the way you think or move”如：an adroit reaction/answer/movement of the hand 敏捷的反应/机敏的回答/灵巧的手部动作。

Mr. Johnson’s decision to pull out of the race on Sunday night cleared a path for Mr. Sunak, who had challenged Ms. Truss last summer but lost to her in a vote of the party’s rank-and-file members. With Mr. Sunak the only surviving candidate this time, he was not subject to another vote of the members.

约翰逊周日晚间决定退出竞选，为苏纳克扫清了道路。去年夏天，苏纳克曾挑战特拉斯，但在党内普通党员的投票中败给了她。由于这次是仅存的候选人，苏纳克不需要再接受普通党员的投票。

rank and file /ˌræŋk ən ˈfaɪl/ 表示“普通职工；普通成员；普通士兵”，英文解释为“the ordinary workers in a company or the ordinary members of an organization, and not the leaders”举个🌰：

The party's rank and file are beginning to question the prime minister's choice of advisers.

广大基层党员开始质疑首相对其顾问的选择是否恰当。

It was a head-spinning reversal of fortune for Mr. Sunak, whose abrupt resignation from Mr. Johnson’s cabinet last July set in motion Mr. Johnson’s downfall and pitched Britain into upheaval, culminating in Ms. Truss’s brief, calamitous stint.

对苏纳克来说，这是一次令人头晕目眩的命运转折。7月，他突然从约翰逊的内阁辞职，引发约翰逊下台，并使英国陷入动荡，最终带来特拉斯短暂而灾难性的任期。

reversal /rɪˈvɜː.səl/ 1）表示“反向；倒转；倒退；推翻”，英文解释为“the act of changing or making something change to its opposite”举个🌰：

He demanded a reversal of the previous decision/policy.

他要求撤销原来的决定/废弃原先的政策。

2）表示“挫折；失败”，英文解释为“a problem or failure”举个🌰：

We have suffered a couple of minor/temporary reversals.

我们遭遇了几次小/暂时的挫折。

表示“内阁”，英文解释为“The cabinet is a group of the most senior advisers or ministers in a government, who meet regularly to discuss policies.”举个🌰：

The announcement came after a three-hour cabinet meeting.

这项公告是在3小时的内阁会议之后发布的。

表示“使…开始运转，启动”，英文解释为“to start a machine or process”举个🌰：

Once the printing processes have been put in motion, they're not so easy to stop.

印刷工序一旦启动，就不容易停止了。

表示“衰败；倒台，垮台”，英文解释为“(something that causes) the usually sudden destruction of a person, organization, or government and their loss of power, money, or health”举个🌰：

In the end, it was the continual drinking that was his downfall.

不断酗酒最终搞垮了他的身体。

upheaval /ʌpˈhiː.vəl/ 表示“剧变；激变；动乱；动荡”，英文解释为“a big change that causes a lot of confusion, worry and problems”如：a period of emotional upheaval 情绪波动很大的时期。

📍2020年8月《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述卡车业文章的标题就叫：The trucking industry is in the midst of upheaval—and hype 卡车运输业正在经历剧变，以及炒作。

My arguments with the boss got worse and worse, and finally culminated in my resignation.

我和老板的争吵日益恶化，直到最终我决定换工作。

calamitous /kəˈlæm.ɪ.təs/ 表示“灾难的，悲惨的；不幸的”，英文解释为“causing great damage or suffering”，相当于disastrous.

stint /stɪnt/ 表示“工作期限；（从事某项活动的）规定期限”，英文解释为“a fixed or limited period of time spent doing a particular job or activity”举个🌰：

He has just finished a stint of compulsory military service.

他刚刚服完义务兵役。

Now, he will become Britain’s third prime minister in seven weeks, the youngest in two centuries and the first person of the Hindu faith to achieve its highest elected office.

现在，他将成为七周内的第三位英国首相，是两个世纪以来最年轻的首相，也是第一个获得民选最高职位的印度教教徒。

A former investment banker whose wife is the daughter of an Indian technology billionaire, Mr. Sunak will also be one of the wealthiest people ever to occupy 10 Downing Street — something that could prove a vulnerability at a time when Britons are struggling to pay soaring gas bills. The Times of London this year estimated the couple’s worth at more than $800 million, placing them among the 250 wealthiest British people or families.

苏纳克曾是投资银行家，他的妻子是一名印度科技业亿万富翁的女儿，因此他也将成为有史以来最富有的唐宁街10号主人之一——在英国人正深受燃气价格高企之苦时，这可能被证明是一个弱点。据《泰晤士报》今年的估计，苏纳克夫妇的资产超过8亿美元，跻身英国富有个人或家族排行榜前250。

vulnerability /ˌvʌlnərəˈbɪləti/ 表示“易受伤害；有弱点；脆弱”，英文解释为“the quality of being vulnerable (= able to be easily hurt, influenced, or attacked), or something that is vulnerable”。

1）表示“急剧增加”，英文解释为“If the amount, value, level, or volume of something soars, it quickly increases by a great deal.”举个🌰：

Shares soared on the New York stock exchange.

纽约证券交易所股票暴涨。

2）表示“高飞，翱翔”，英文解释为“If something such as a bird soars into the air, it goes quickly up into the air.”举个🌰：

If you're lucky, a splendid golden eagle may soar into view.

幸运的话，一只金色雄鹰会跃入视线。

3）作动词，表示“升空；升腾”，英文解释为“to rise quickly and smoothly up into the air”举个🌰：

The rocket soared (up) into the air.

火箭升空。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇分析受疫情影响的旅游业的文章中提到：Soaring incomes in China explain part of the increase. 这一增长的部分原因是中国人收入猛增。

But if his victory swept away another barrier in British politics — putting Mr. Sunak in the same pathbreaking category as Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s first female prime minister, and Benjamin Disraeli, its only prime minister of Jewish heritage — it also thrust him into power at a singularly difficult moment.

但是，如果说他的胜利扫除了英国政坛的又一道壁垒——使苏纳克与英国首位女首相玛格丽特·撒切尔（Margaret Thatcher），以及唯一的犹太血统首相本杰明·迪斯雷利（Benjamin Disraeli）一样成为开创性人物——这也让他在一个特别困难的时刻获得权力。

1）sweep sb away/along表示“使某人醉心；驱使某人专注；令（某人）着迷，令（某人）倾倒，深深吸引（某人）”，英文解释为“to make sb very interested or involved in sth, especially in a way that makes them forget everything else”举个🌰：

They were swept away by the force of their emotions.

他们受感情的威力所驱使。 

2）sweep sth away表示“消灭；彻底消除；完全打消”，英文解释“to get rid of sth completely”举个🌰：

Any doubts had long since been swept away.

一切怀疑早已完全消除。

“There is no doubt we face profound economic challenges,” Mr. Sunak said in brief, somewhat stiff, remarks after his victory. “We now need stability and unity, and I will make it my utmost priority to bring my party and country together.”

“毫无疑问，我们面临着严峻的经济挑战，”胜选后，苏纳克发表了简短而有些生硬的讲话。“我们现在需要稳定和团结，我的首要任务是把我的党和国家团结起来。”

1）表示“不易弯曲（或活动）的；硬的；挺的”，英文解释为“firm and difficult to bend or move”如：stiff cardboard 硬纸板。

2）表示“拘谨的，局促的，生硬的”，英文解释为“behaving in a way that is formal and not relaxed”

The man chosen to face all these challenges was born in Southampton, on England’s south coast, to Indian immigrants who had moved to Britain from East Africa. His father was a family doctor; his mother ran a pharmacy. They saved to send him to Winchester College, one of Britain’s most academically rigorous high schools, and then to Oxford University, where he studied philosophy, politics, and economics.

将负责面对这些挑战的苏纳克出生在英格兰南海岸的南安普敦，来自从东非搬到英国的印度移民家庭。他的父亲是一名家庭医生。他的母亲经营一家药店。他们攒钱把他送到英国治学最严的高中之一温彻斯特学院（Winchester College），然后供他上牛津大学（Oxford University），在那里他学习哲学、政治和经济学。

pharmacy /ˈfɑːməsɪ/表示“药店；（医院的）药房，配药室；药剂学，配药学；一批备用药品”，英文解释为“a shop/store, or part of one, that sells medicines and drugs; the study of how to prepare medicines and drugs”。

From there, Mr. Sunak worked at Goldman Sachs and at a hedge fund, and later earned an M.B.A. at Stanford University, where he met his wife, Akshata Murty. Her father is Narayana Murthy, the founder of Infosys, whose wealth Forbes magazine estimates at $4.5 billion.

而后，苏纳克曾在高盛（Goldman Sachs）和一家对冲基金工作，后在斯坦福大学（Stanford University）获得MBA，并在那里结识他的妻子阿克沙塔·穆尔蒂（Akshata Murty），其父是印孚瑟斯（Infosys）的创始人纳拉亚纳·穆尔蒂（Narayana Murthy），《福布斯》杂志估计其财富为45亿美元。

hedge fund /ˈhedʒ ˌfʌnd/ 表示“对冲基金”，英文解释为“a type of investment that can make a lot of profit but involves a large risk”如：a hedge fund manager 对冲基金经理人。

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