韩国首尔梨泰院发生踩踏事故

昨晚，韩国首尔知名商圈梨泰院发生踩踏事故，至少153人死亡。遇难外国人增加至20人，其中包括4名中国公民。

无注释原文：

What we know about the deadly Halloween disaster in Seoul

From: CNN

Most weekends, the narrow alleys of Itaewon, the neon-lit nightlife district in South Korea’s capital Seoul, are busy with partygoers and tourists. Now it’s the site of one of the country’s worst disasters.

On Saturday night, tens of thousands of people flooded into the area in central Seoul to celebrate Halloween – but panic erupted as the crowds swelled, with some witnesses saying it became hard to breathe and impossible to move.

At least 153 were killed in the crush, with dozens more injured. Authorities have now launched an urgent investigation to find out how what was supposed to be a night of celebration went so horribly wrong, as families across the country mourn and search for missing loved ones.

Here’s what we know so far.

Why were the crowds so big?

Itaewon has long been a popular place to celebrate Halloween, especially as the holiday became more popular in Asia in recent years. Some even fly into Seoul from other countries in the region for the festivities.

But for the past two years, celebrations were muted by pandemic restrictions on crowd sizes and mask mandates.

Saturday night marked the first Halloween since the country lifted these restrictions – lending it particular significance for many eager participants in Seoul, as well as international visitors including foreign residents and tourists.

Hotels and ticketed events in the neighborhood had been booked solid in advance, and large crowds were expected.

What happened?

Witnesses told CNN there was very little – if any – crowd control before the mass of people turned deadly.

Videos and photos posted to social media show people crammed together, standing shoulder to shoulder in the narrow street.

Crowds are not unusual for that area, or for Seoul residents, who are used to jam-packed subways and streets in a city of almost 10 million.

One eyewitness said it took some time for people to realize something was wrong, with people’s panicked screams competing with music blaring from the surrounding clubs and bars.

After the first emergency calls came in around 10:24 p.m., authorities rushed to the scene – but the sheer volume of people made it difficult to reach those who needed help.

Video posted to social media showed people performing compressions on other partygoers lying on the ground as they waited for medical assistance.

The thousands of people in Halloween costumes contributed to the widespread sense of confusion and chaos. One witness described seeing a police officer shouting during the disaster – but some revelers mistook him for another partygoer.

The cause of the crush is still under investigation, though officials said there were no gas leaks or fires on site.

Who were the victims?

The casualties were young, mostly in their teens and early 20s, authorities said. Known for its nightlife and trendy restaurants, Itaewon is popular among backpackers and international students.

Among the 153 dead were 20 foreign nationals, with victims from Iran, Norway, China, Thailand and Uzbekistan, according to authorities.

More than 90% of the victims have been identified, South Korea’s Minister of Interior and Safety Lee Sang-min said on Sunday.

He added that about 10 people can’t be identified, as some are under the age of 17 – too young to hold a national ID card – and others are foreign nationals.

As of 2 p.m. Sunday local time, Seoul authorities had received 3,580 missing persons reports, said the city government. That number could include multiple reports for the same person, or reports filed Saturday night for people who have since been found.

Questions being asked

As a stunned and grieving nation grapples with the tragedy, questions are also emerging about how such a disaster could have unfolded in a popular area where people are known to gather.

It’s hard to pinpoint what might have triggered the crush – but authorities “would have anticipated high numbers … before Saturday night,” said Juliette Kayyem, a disaster management expert and national security analyst for CNN.

“There is a responsibility on the part of the authorities to be monitoring crowd volume in real time, so they can sense the need to get people out,” she added.

Suah Cho, 23, was caught up in the crowd but managed to escape into a building along the alley. When asked whether she had seen any officials trying to limit the number of people entering the alley, she replied: “Before the incident, not at all.”

Another eyewitness described the situation getting “worse and worse,” saying they could hear “people asking for help for other people, because there were not enough rescuers that can just handle all that.”

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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

What we know about the deadly Halloween disaster in Seoul

From: CNN

Most weekends, the narrow alleys of Itaewon, the neon-lit nightlife district in South Korea’s capital Seoul, are busy with partygoers and tourists. Now it’s the site of one of the country’s worst disasters.

大多数周末，在韩国首都首尔（Seoul）霓虹灯闪烁的夜生活区梨泰院（Itaewon）的狭窄小巷里，都挤满了参加聚会的人群和游客。现在，这里成了该国最严重的灾难之一的所在地。

alley/alleyway 表示“小街；小巷，胡同”，英文解释为“a narrow road or path between buildings”。

neon /ˈniː.ɒn/ 表示“氖，氖气；霓虹的”，英文解释为“a chemical element that is a gas with no smell or colour, does not react with other chemicals, and shines red when an electric current goes through it”如：a neon light/sign 霓虹灯/霓虹灯广告牌。

-goer，这个用法很常见，表示“常去...的人；...迷”，如：cinema-goer 或者movie-goer可以表示影迷，电影观众。还有诸如gym-goer, shopping-goer, ...

On Saturday night, tens of thousands of people flooded into the area in central Seoul to celebrate Halloween – but panic erupted as the crowds swelled, with some witnesses saying it became hard to breathe and impossible to move.

周六晚上，数以万计的人涌入首尔市中心的这一地区庆祝万圣节——但随着人群不断增加，恐怖的事发生了，一些目击者称，变得呼吸困难，无法移动。

erupt /ɪˈrʌpt/ 1）表示“突然发生”，英文解释为“to start suddenly and violently”举个🌰：

At the end of a hot summer, violence erupted in the inner cities.

一个炎热的夏末，在市中心贫民区突然爆发了暴力事件。

2）表示“（感情的）爆发；剧烈地表达（感情）”，英文解释为“to suddenly express your feelings in a noisy way”举个🌰：

The crowd erupted in applause and cheering.

人群中爆发出掌声和欢呼。

表示“使增大；增大；肿胀，肿，膨胀”，英文解释为“to become larger and rounder than usual; to (cause to) increase in size or amount”举个🌰：

Last year's profits were swelled by a fall in production costs.

去年因生产成本下降，利润有所增加。

At least 153 were killed in the crush, with dozens more injured. Authorities have now launched an urgent investigation to find out how what was supposed to be a night of celebration went so horribly wrong, as families across the country mourn and search for missing loved ones.

至少153人在拥挤的人群中丧生，数十人受伤。当局现在发起了一项紧急调查，以查明本应是一个庆祝之夜的事情是如何变得如此可怕，全国各地的家庭都在哀悼和寻找失踪的亲人。

表示“（因失去…而）哀悼，忧伤”，英文解释为“to feel and show sadness because sb has died; to feel sad because sth no longer exists or is no longer the same”举个🌰：

They mourn the passing of a simpler way of life.

他们对逝去的较为淳朴的生活感到惋惜。

近义词：

📍grieve for表示“（尤指因某人的去世而）悲伤，悲痛，伤心”，英文解释为“to feel very sad, especially because sb has died”举个🌰：

They are still grieving for their dead child.

他们还在为死去的孩子伤心。

Here’s what we know so far.

这是我们目前所知道的情况。

Why were the crowds so big? 为何人群如此之多？

Itaewon has long been a popular place to celebrate Halloween, especially as the holiday became more popular in Asia in recent years. Some even fly into Seoul from other countries in the region for the festivities.

梨泰院一直是庆祝万圣节的热门场所，尤其是随着这个节日近年来在亚洲变得越来越受欢迎。有些人甚至从亚洲的其他国家飞往首尔参加庆祝活动。

复数，表示“庆祝活动”，英文解释为“the parties, meals, and other social activities with which people celebrate a special occasion”举个🌰：

Come in and join the festivities!

进来参加庆祝活动吧！

📍festivity作不可数名词时，表示“欢庆；欢乐”，英文解释为“a situation in which people are happy and celebrating”。

But for the past two years, celebrations were muted by pandemic restrictions on crowd sizes and mask mandates.

但在过去的两年里，因新冠疫情对人群规模和口罩要求的限制，庆祝活动变得冷冷清清。

mute /mjuːt/ 作名词，表示“静音按钮”，英文解释为“a button on an electronic device that makes it silent”，作动词，表示“消音；减音；减弱（尤指乐器）的声音”，英文解释为“to make the sound of sth, especially a musical instrument, quieter or softer, sometimes using a mute”，也可以指“减弱；缓解”，英文解释为“to make sth weaker or less severe”。

muted /ˈmjuː.tɪd/ 形容词，1）表示“（声音）不响亮的，减轻的”，英文解释为“not loud”举个🌰：

There was polite, muted applause when I finished speaking.

我讲话结束时，响起了礼貌而又温和的掌声。

2）表示“缺乏热情的，淡漠的”，英文解释为“showing little enthusiasm”举个🌰：

The idea received a muted response.

这个想法反应平平。

可以作名词也可以作动词，表示“命令；要求；强制执行；授权”，英文解释为“to order someone to do something”举个🌰：

Their delegates have been mandated to vote against the proposal at the conference.

他们的代表受命在会议上对提议投反对票。

Saturday night marked the first Halloween since the country lifted these restrictions – lending it particular significance for many eager participants in Seoul, as well as international visitors including foreign residents and tourists.

周六晚上是韩国取消这些限制以来的第一个万圣节，这对首尔许多热切的参与者以及包括外国居民和游客在内的国际游客来说具有特殊意义。

1）早在2020年「武汉解封」冬已尽，春来兮！文中CNN的标题「China lifts 76-day lockdown on Wuhan as city reemerges from coronavirus crisis」就有提到有提到lift ... lockdown，lift作动词，表示「解除，撤销，停止」，英文解释为：to remove or end restrictions，如：to lift a ban 解除禁令。

熟词僻义，表示“增添，添加”，英文解释为“If something lends a particular quality to something else, it adds that quality to it.”举个🌰：

Vases of flowers all around the room lent the place a cheerful look/lent a cheerful look to the place.

几瓶花给这个房间增添了一些欢乐的气氛。

Hotels and ticketed events in the neighborhood had been booked solid in advance, and large crowds were expected.

附近的酒店和售票活动已被提前预订一空，预计会有大量人群。

1）表示“确定的；扎实的；可信赖的”，英文解释为“certain or safe; of a good standard; giving confidence or support”举个🌰：

This provided solid evidence that he committed the crime.

这提供了确凿证据，证明他犯了罪。

2）表示“实心的，无空隙的”，英文解释为“completely hard or firm all through an object, or without any spaces or holes”如：solid rock 实心的石头，a solid line of traffic 拥挤不堪的车流，举个🌰：

The lecture hall was packed solid (with students).

演讲大厅里挤满了（学生）。

What happened? 发生了什么？

Witnesses told CNN there was very little – if any – crowd control before the mass of people turned deadly.

目击者告诉美国有线电视新闻网（CNN），在致死事件发生前，几乎没有对人群数量进行限制。

Videos and photos posted to social media show people crammed together, standing shoulder to shoulder in the narrow street.

社交媒体上发布的视频和照片显示，人们挤在一起，肩并肩站在狭窄的街道上。

crammed /kræmd/ 表示“（地方）挤满的，塞满的，充满的”，英文解释为“very full of people or things”如：a crammed train/room 拥挤的火车/房间。

cram 作动词，表示“塞满；塞进；挤入”，英文解释为“to force a lot of things into a small space”举个🌰：

Eight children were crammed into the back of the car.

8个孩子被塞进了汽车的后座。

Crowds are not unusual for that area, or for Seoul residents, who are used to jam-packed subways and streets in a city of almost 10 million.

人群对于这个地区或首尔居民来说并不罕见，他们已经习惯了这个近千万人口城市的拥挤地铁和街道。

jam-packed /ˌdʒæmˈpækt/ 表示“挤得满满的，塞得紧紧的”，英文解释为“full of people or things that are pushed closely together”举个🌰：

The streets were jam-packed with tourists.

街道被游客挤得水泄不通。

One eyewitness said it took some time for people to realize something was wrong, with people’s panicked screams competing with music blaring from the surrounding clubs and bars.

一名目击者说，人们过了一阵子才意识到有些不对劲，人群中惊慌失措的尖叫声与周围俱乐部和酒吧发出的音乐交织在一起。

blare /bleər/ 表示“发出（刺耳的声音）”，英文解释为“to make an unpleasantly loud noise”举个🌰：

The loudspeakers blared across the square.

广场上充斥着扬声器刺耳的声音。

After the first emergency calls came in around 10:24 p.m., authorities rushed to the scene – but the sheer volume of people made it difficult to reach those who needed help.

晚上10点24分左右接到第一个急救电话后，当局赶到现场——但由于人数众多，很难帮到那些需要帮助的人。

1）作形容词可以表示“陡峭的；近乎垂直的”，英文解释为“extremely steep; almost vertical”，如：a sheer mountain side 陡峭的山坡；

2）强调“（某物）之重/之大等”，英文解释为：used to emphasize that something is very heavy, large etc. 如：the sheer scope就是用于强调scope，范围之大，举个🌰：

The sheer size of the country makes communications difficult.

该国幅员辽阔，造成了通信的困难。

3）也可以解释为“完全的，纯粹的(pure)，彻底的”，英文释义：used to emphasize how very great, important, or powerful a quality or feeling is; nothing except，举个🌰：

I'll never forget the look of sheer joy on her face.

我永远也不会忘记她满脸喜悦的神情。

Video posted to social media showed people performing compressions on other partygoers lying on the ground as they waited for medical assistance.

社交媒体上发布的视频显示，人们在等待医疗救助时对躺在地上的其他聚会参与者进行按压。

compression /kəmˈpreʃ.ən/ 表示“压紧，压缩”，英文解释为“the act of pressing something into a smaller space or putting pressure on it from different sides until it gets smaller”举个🌰：Tectonic forces caused compression in the earth’s crust. 大地构造作用力导致地壳被压缩。

此处compressions指胸部按压。Compressions means you'll use your hands to push down hard and fast in a specific way on the person's chest. Compressions are the most important step in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

The thousands of people in Halloween costumes contributed to the widespread sense of confusion and chaos. One witness described seeing a police officer shouting during the disaster – but some revelers mistook him for another partygoer.

成千上万穿着万圣节服装的人让一切感到更加混乱和无序。一名目击者描述说，事故中看到一名警察在喊话，但一些狂欢者把他误认为另一个参加派对的人。

reveller /ˈrev.əl.ər/ 表示“寻欢作乐的人，狂欢者”，英文解释为“someone who dances, drinks, sings, etc. at a party or in public, especially in a noisy way”举个🌰：

The statue was damaged by drunken revellers.

雕像被喝醉的狂欢者破坏了。

作动词，表示“误认，错误辨认”，英文解释为“to be wrong about or to fail to recognize something or someone”举个🌰：

You can't mistake their house - it has a bright yellow front door.

你不会认错他们的房子——正门是鲜黄色的。

The cause of the crush is still under investigation, though officials said there were no gas leaks or fires on site.

虽然官员们说现场没有发生煤气泄漏或火灾，但踩踏事故的原因仍在调查之中。

Who were the victims? 遇难者有谁？

The casualties were young, mostly in their teens and early 20s, authorities said. Known for its nightlife and trendy restaurants, Itaewon is popular among backpackers and international students.

当局称，遇难者很年轻，大多是十几岁和二十岁出头。梨泰院以其夜生活和时髦餐厅而闻名，在背包客和国际学生中很受欢迎。

casualty /ˈkæʒjʊəltɪ/ 1) 表示“死伤者”，英文解释为“A casualty is a person who is injured or killed in a war or in an accident.”

2) 表示“受害者”，英文解释为“A casualty of a particular event or situation is a person or a thing that has suffered badly as a result of that event or situation.”举个🌰：

The car industry has been one of the greatest casualties of the recession.

汽车工业是经济不景气最大的受害者之一。

backpacker /ˈbækˌpæk.ər/ 表示“背包旅行者”，英文解释为“a person who travels with a backpack”

Among the 153 dead were 20 foreign nationals, with victims from Iran, Norway, China, Thailand and Uzbekistan, according to authorities.

当局称，151名死者中有20名外国人，受害者来自伊朗、挪威、中国、泰国和乌兹别克斯坦。

More than 90% of the victims have been identified, South Korea’s Minister of Interior and Safety Lee Sang-min said on Sunday.

韩国内政安全部部长李祥敏（Lee Sang-min）周日表示，超过90%的受害者身份已确认。

He added that about 10 people can’t be identified, as some are under the age of 17 – too young to hold a national ID card – and others are foreign nationals.

他补充说，大约有10人身份不明，因为有些人不到17岁——年龄太小未持有国民身份证——还有一些人是外国人。

As of 2 p.m. Sunday local time, Seoul authorities had received 3,580 missing persons reports, said the city government. That number could include multiple reports for the same person, or reports filed Saturday night for people who have since been found.

首尔市政府表示，截至当地时间周日下午2点，首尔当局已收到3580份失踪人员报告。这个数字可能包括同一个人的多份报告，或周六晚上提交的报告后来人找到了。

表示“自…起；到...时候为止”，英文解释为“starting from a particular time or date”举个🌰：

As of next month, all the airline's fares will be going up.

自下月起，所有航空公司的机票价格都将上调。

Questions being asked 疑问

As a stunned and grieving nation grapples with the tragedy, questions are also emerging about how such a disaster could have unfolded in a popular area where people are known to gather.

当这个惊愕和悲痛的国家在努力应对这场悲剧时，人们也开始质疑这样一场灾难是如何在一个众所周知的人们聚集的热门地区发生的。

stunned /stʌnd/ 表示“目瞪口呆”，英文解释为“very shocked or surprised”举个🌰：

I am stunned and saddened by this news.

这个消息令我大为震惊，非常难过。

grieving /ˈɡriː.vɪŋ/ 表示“（因某人去世而）悲痛的，伤心的，悲伤的”，英文解释为“feeling very sad because someone has died”如：grieving relatives 悲痛的亲属们。

1）表示“扭打；搏斗”，英文解释为“to take a firm hold of sb/sth and struggle with them”举个🌰：

Passers-by grappled with the man after the attack.

袭击之后过路人便与这男人扭打起来。

2）表示“努力设法解决；尽力解决；设法对付；尽量克服”，英文解释为“to try hard to find a solution to a problem”举个🌰：

The government has yet to grapple with the problem of air pollution.

政府还需尽力解决空气污染问题。

🎬电影《钢铁侠3》（Iron Man 3）中的台词提到：trying to grapple with something from some hard-crypt data files 希望能在一些加密的数据文件里找到线索

字面意思就是“打开；展开；摊开”，也可以指形势或故事的“发展，展现，呈现，披露”，英文解释为“If a situation or story unfolds, it develops or becomes clear to other people.”举个🌰：

As the plot unfolds, you gradually realize that all your initial assumptions were wrong.

随着情节的展开，你会慢慢意识到自己最初的那些猜测都是不对的。

It’s hard to pinpoint what might have triggered the crush – but authorities “would have anticipated high numbers … before Saturday night,” said Juliette Kayyem, a disaster management expert and national security analyst for CNN.

灾难管理专家、美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）国家安全分析员朱丽叶·卡耶姆（Juliette Kayyem）说，很难确定是什么引发了踩踏事故--但当局“在周六晚上之前……本应预计到有大量的人”。

表示“查明，准确地说出，描述（事实真相）”，英文解释为“to discover or explain exactly the real facts about something or the cause of a problem”举个🌰：

It’s difficult to pinpoint the cause of the accident.

事故原因很难查明。

1）作动词，除了表示“发动；引起；触发”，英文解释为“to make sth happen suddenly”举个🌰：

Nuts can trigger off a violent allergic reaction.

坚果可以引起严重的过敏反应。

2）作名词，表示“扳机”，英文解释为“The trigger of a gun is a small lever which you pull to fire it.”举个🌰：

A man pointed a gun at them and pulled the trigger.

一个男人用枪指着他们，扣动了扳机。

类似的还有：

📍stir表示“激发，激起（强烈的感情）；引起（强烈的反应）”，英文解释为“to make someone have a strong feeling or reaction”，举个🌰：

The poem succeeds in stirring the imagination.

这首诗能够激发起想象力。

📍provoke也表示“激起，引起”，英文解释为“to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one”，如：provoke debate/discussion 激起辩论/讨论。

📍spur 鼓动；激励；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞”，英文解释为“If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.”举个🌰：

It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats.

是金钱驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的小船冒险出海远航。

🎬电影《龙之心3：巫师的诅咒》（Dragonheart 3: The Sorcerer's Curse）中的台词提到：To spur the clans to war. 激励部族发起战争。

“There is a responsibility on the part of the authorities to be monitoring crowd volume in real time, so they can sense the need to get people out,” she added.

“当局有责任实时监控人群数量，这样他们就能意识到让人们离开的必要性，”她补充道。

表示“监视；检查；跟踪调查”，英文解释为“to watch and check sth over a period of time in order to see how it develops, so that you can make any necessary changes”举个🌰：

Each student's progress is closely monitored.

每一位同学的学习情况都受到密切的关注。

Suah Cho, 23, was caught up in the crowd but managed to escape into a building along the alley. When asked whether she had seen any officials trying to limit the number of people entering the alley, she replied: “Before the incident, not at all.”

23岁的苏亚·赵（Suah Cho，音译）被挤在人群中，但设法逃进了巷子里的一栋大楼内。当被问及她是否看到任何官员试图限制进入巷子的人数时，她回答说：“事件发生前，完全没有。”

Another eyewitness described the situation getting “worse and worse,” saying they could hear “people asking for help for other people, because there were not enough rescuers that can just handle all that.”

另一名目击者描述说，情况变得“越来越糟”，称他们可以听到“人们在为其他人求助，因为没有足够的救援人员能够应对所有救援。”

- 今日盘点 -

- END -