过去一年，新闻中的重要数字

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🤔️小作业：

无注释原文：

The Numbers in the News

From: The New York Times

44 billion

The value in dollars of Elon Musk’s deal to buy Twitter, backed by about $12.5 billion of debt that investment banks, led by Morgan Stanley, took on to help finance the acquisition. The banks made the promise before technology sector shares crashed, the billionaire tried to walk away from the acquisition, and the market for leveraged loans seized up. Unable to sell that debt without incurring huge losses, the banks head into the new year saddled with loans that will constrain their ability to finance more deals.

Mr. Musk’s management of Twitter has been erratic: He’s fired workers, refused to pay invoices, changed content moderation policies, allowed banned users back on to the platform, temporarily suspended some journalists’ accounts, been accused of neglecting his other companies and said he would resign as C.E.O. (eventually). But his style has won admiration among many tech executives, founders and investors.

151,000

The number of layoffs in the tech sector, according to Layoffs.fyi. Job cuts at companies including Amazon, Meta, Twitter and Stripe have dominated headlines in recent months, as Silicon Valley faces pressure to downsize. The shift is partly a post-pandemic correction. Companies hired aggressively (perhaps too aggressively) when demand for services boomed as consumers were stuck at home. But as the broader economy slowed in the latter half of the year, companies have been squeezed and tech stocks have plummeted.

4.9 million

The number of jobs created in the past 12 months, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The labor market is confounding economists. Ordinarily, when economic growth falters, hiring slows down, too (example A: the tech sector). Job growth is ticking lower, but employers are continuing to hire, keeping the unemployment rate a relatively strong 3.7 percent. That’s good news for workers, but it may force the Fed to double down on aggressive rate increases in the first half of 2023.

51 billion

The cost in euros of Germany’s bailout of Uniper, once Europe’s biggest importer of Russian gas. The utility company has been decimated this year as energy prices soared. The business was hit particularly hard after Gazprom, the Russian energy company that was its biggest supplier, cut gas flows in apparent retaliation for economic sanctions on Moscow over the invasion of Ukraine. Uniper posted a net loss of €40 billion, or about $42.5 billion — the biggest in German corporate history — for the first nine months of 2022. The government nationalized the company to avoid a Lehman Brothers-style effect on the energy sector.

8 billion

The amount in dollars of the shortfall in FTX’s accounts when the cryptocurrency exchange founded by Sam Bankman-Fried declared bankruptcy last month. The company, once seen as one of the most stable in the sector, could owe money to more than a million people and organizations. Mr. Bankman-Fried was once lauded as an industry leader, able to secure funding from top investors who backed a wide range of causes and businesses, from charities and politicians to sports and the news media. But he is now under criminal investigation, former top associates are cooperating with the authorities, and FTX has been called “one of the biggest financial frauds in American history.”

11 years and three months

The length of time that Elizabeth Holmes, the founder of the blood-testing start-up Theranos, was sentenced to prison after being convicted of defrauding investors. (Ramesh Balwani, the company’s former C.O.O., was sentenced to nearly 13 years.) Ms. Holmes raised $945 million and her company was valued as high as $9 billion, turning her into one of Silicon Valley’s most celebrated entrepreneurs. But her claims that Theranos’s technology would enable tests to be conducted with just a few drops of blood proved untrue.

747

Boeing produced its final humpbacked jumbo jet on Dec. 6. The industry’s push for more fuel-efficient planes and the pandemic proved the death knell for the onetime titan of the skies. The plane made its first commercial flight in January 1970. By being able to carry hundreds of passengers at a time, the 747 helped drive a boom in international travel. But its market share fell in recent years, as airlines shifted to more sustainable and less expensive aircraft.

注：中文文本为纽约时报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

过去一年，新闻中的重要数字

The Numbers in the News

From: The New York Times

44 billion 440亿

The value in dollars of Elon Musk’s deal to buy Twitter, backed by about $12.5 billion of debt that investment banks, led by Morgan Stanley, took on to help finance the acquisition. The banks made the promise before technology sector shares crashed, the billionaire tried to walk away from the acquisition, and the market for leveraged loans seized up. Unable to sell that debt without incurring huge losses, the banks head into the new year saddled with loans that will constrain their ability to finance more deals.

伊隆·马斯克收购Twitter交易的美元价值，其中有125亿美元的借债来自以摩根士丹利为首的多家投资银行的融资。银行是在股市科技板块崩盘之前做出承诺的，这位亿万富翁试图退出收购，杠杆贷款市场停摆。银行要出售这笔债务肯定会有大幅亏损，于是只能背着这笔债进入新的一年，从而限制了它们为更多交易融资的能力。

acquisition名词，1）表示“获得”，英文解释为“the process of getting something”举个🌰：

The acquisition of huge amounts of data has helped our research enormously. 获得的大量数据对我们的研究有莫大的帮助。

2）表示“收购”，英文解释为“If a company or business person makes an acquisition, they buy another company or part of a company.”举个🌰：

They have made acquisitions in several EU countries. 他们在几个欧盟国家购买了一些产业。

🎬电影《美国队长2：冬日战士》（Captain America: The Winter Soldier）中的台词提到：The prevailing theory was that the hijacking was a cover for the acquisition and sale of classified intelligence. 大部分人的看法是劫持事件只是在掩盖机密情报的交易。

leveraged /ˈliː.vər.ɪdʒd/ 1）表示“（公司）举债经营的”，英文解释为“A leveraged company or organization owes a large amount of money in relation to its value.”举个🌰：

The company is highly leveraged and struggling with interest payments. 这家公司的举债率很高，在利息支付方面非常吃力。

2）表示“（交易或投资）依赖借款的，举债的，高杠杆的”，英文解释为“A leveraged deal or investment has been paid for using borrowed money. ”

seize /siːz/ 表示“（人体某部位）发僵；动弹不得；出故障；失灵”，英文解释为“to stop being able to move or work in the normal way”举个🌰：

The washing machine totally seized up. 洗衣机彻底坏掉了。

1）表示“招致；遭受，引起”，英文解释为“to experience something, usually something unpleasant, as a result of actions you have taken”如：to incur debts/fines/bills 招致债务/遭到罚款/要付账。

2）表示“引致，带来（成本、花费等）”，英文解释为“if you incur costs, you have to pay them”举个🌰：

You risk incurring bank charges if you exceed your overdraft limit. 如果超出了透支限额，就有被银行加收费用的风险。

saddle /ˈsæd.əl/ 表示“使（某人）负担，使（某人）承担（重任或难题）”，英文解释为“to give someone a responsibility or problem that they do not want and that will cause them a lot of work or difficulty”举个🌰：

The company is saddled with debt. 公司负债累累。

表示“限制；约束；束缚”，英文解释为“to control and limit something”举个🌰：

The company's progress was constrained by a leader who refused to look forward. 公司领导缺乏发展眼光限制了公司的进步。

Mr. Musk’s management of Twitter has been erratic: He’s fired workers, refused to pay invoices, changed content moderation policies, allowed banned users back on to the platform, temporarily suspended some journalists’ accounts, been accused of neglecting his other companies and said he would resign as C.E.O. (eventually). But his style has won admiration among many tech executives, founders and investors.

马斯克的Twitter管理层不走寻常路：他解雇员工，拒绝报销发票，改变内容管理政策，允许被封禁的用户回归平台，短暂关停了一些记者的帐号，还被指对他的其他公司不管不顾，他说他（最终）会辞去CEO一职。但是他的风格得到不少科技企业高管、创始人和投资者的赞扬。

表示“不规则的；不确定的；不稳定的；不可靠的”，英文解释为“not happening at regular times; not following any plan or regular pattern; that you cannot rely on”举个🌰：

The electricity supply here is quite erratic. 这里的电力供应相当不稳定。

📺美剧《犯罪心理》（Criminal minds）第六季中的台词提到：He'll change his M.O., and that'll make him erratic. 他会改变作案方式 情绪会因此而不稳定。

类似的：

📍unpredictable：someone who is unpredictable tends to change their behaviour or ideas suddenly, so that you never know what they are going to do or think 反复无常的，捉摸不透的。

invoice /ˈɪn.vɔɪs/ 表示“（供之后支付的）费用清单；发票，账单”，英文解释为“a list of things provided or work done together with their cost, for payment at a later time”

1）表示“ 适度；适中；合理；节制”，英文解释为“the quality of being reasonable and not being extreme”举个🌰：

The United Nations Secretary General called on all parties to show moderation. 联合国秘书长呼吁各方要克制。

2）也有“审核，审核评分制”的含义，英文解释为“the action or process of moderating examination papers, results, or candidates”。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述TikTok的文章中提到：Controversies around TikTok's content moderation and data protection will keep cropping up. TikTok在内容审查和数据保护方面的争议将不断涌现。

1）表示“（因犯错而）暂令停职；暂令停学；暂令停止参加活动”，英文解释为“If someone is suspended from work, school, etc., they are temporarily not allowed to work, go to school, or take part in an activity because of having done something wrong.”举个🌰：

He was suspended for four games after arguing with the referee. 跟裁判发生争执之后，他被停赛4场。

2）表示“暂停”，英文解释为“If you suspend something, you delay it or stop it from happening for a while or until a decision is made about it”举个🌰：

The union suspended the action this week. 工会本周暂停了这一行动。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述英国房价上涨的文章中提到：Britain has temporarily suspended stamp duty, a tax on buying houses. 英国已经暂停征收购房印花税。

3）表示“悬挂”，英文解释为“to hang”举个🌰：

The builders worked on wooden platforms, suspended by ropes from the roof of the building. 建筑工人站在用绳子从房顶上吊下来的木制平台上作业。

151,000

The number of layoffs in the tech sector, according to Layoffs.fyi. Job cuts at companies including Amazon, Meta, Twitter and Stripe have dominated headlines in recent months, as Silicon Valley faces pressure to downsize. The shift is partly a post-pandemic correction. Companies hired aggressively (perhaps too aggressively) when demand for services boomed as consumers were stuck at home. But as the broader economy slowed in the latter half of the year, companies have been squeezed and tech stocks have plummeted.

Layoffs.fyi给出的科技业裁员数量。随着硅谷面临缩减规模的压力，包括亚马逊、Meta、Twitter和Stripe在内的多家企业裁员，成为近几个月最受热议的新闻。这种转变在一定程度上是一种大流行之后的盘整。此前消费者居家不出导致服务需求猛增，于是这些公司大举招人（可能太过激进）。随着今年下半年经济整体放缓，企业面临困境，科技板块股票暴跌。

layoff /ˈleɪ.ɒf/ 表示“解雇，解聘，下岗”，英文解释为“an occasion when a company stops employing someone, sometimes temporarily, because the company does not have enough money or enough work”

作动词，boom /buːm/ 表示“增长；迅速发展”，英文解释为“to increase or become successful and produce a lot of money very quickly”举个🌰：

The leisure industry is booming. 休闲产业正在蓬勃发展。

作名词，表示“增长，繁荣；增长期，繁荣期”，英文解释为“an increase in something , or a time when something becomes more popular”举个🌰：

This year has seen a boom in book sales.

今年图书销售激增。

📍baby boom表示“生育高峰，婴儿潮”，英文解释为“a large increase in the number of babies born among a particular group of people during a particular time”举个🌰：

There was a baby boom in the UK and the US after the Second World War.

二战后，英国和美国都出现了一次生育高峰。

1）表示“（困难地）挤进，挤过”，英文解释为“to get in, through, under, etc. with difficulty”举个🌰：

She squeezed through the crowd and found a seat at the front.

她从人群中挤过去，在前面找了个座位。

2）表示“挤压；捏”，英文解释为“to press sth firmly, especially with your fingers”如：to squeeze a tube of toothpaste 挤牙膏，举个🌰：

He squeezed her arm reassuringly.

他安慰地捏了捏她的手臂。

3）表示“给…带来财务困难，使陷入财务困境”，英文解释为“If you are squeezed by financial demands, they cause you financial problems.”举个🌰：

Small businesses are being squeezed by heavy taxation. 重税使小企业在财务上捉襟见肘。

🎬电影《今晚带我回家》（Take Me Home Tonight）中的台词提到：Come on, punch it up. punch. and squeeze real tight 来 击个拳 击拳 然后握紧。

瑞幸咖啡怎么了？文中也出现过，CNBC的标题Shares of China’s Luckin Coffee plummet 80% after investigation finds COO fabricated sales就用到了plummet这个词。

📍类似的表达「暴跌」的词有：tank，sink，plunge和slump，欢迎补充。

4.9 million 490万

The number of jobs created in the past 12 months, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. The labor market is confounding economists. Ordinarily, when economic growth falters, hiring slows down, too (example A: the tech sector). Job growth is ticking lower, but employers are continuing to hire, keeping the unemployment rate a relatively strong 3.7 percent. That’s good news for workers, but it may force the Fed to double down on aggressive rate increases in the first half of 2023.

据劳工统计局，过去12个月创造的就业岗位数量。劳动市场让经济学家们大感困惑。通常在经济增长疲软的时候，招工也会放缓（以科技业为例）。就业增长在放缓，但雇主没有停止招人，失业率一直保持在3.7%，表现相对强劲。这对工人是好事，但可能会迫使联储在2023年上半年愈发坚持激进的升息策略。

confound /kənˈfaʊnd/ 表示“使惊疑，使困惑”，英文解释为“to confuse and very much surprise someone, so that they are unable to explain or deal with a situation”

表示“衰弱；动摇；犹豫；畏缩”，英文解释为“to lose strength or purpose and stop, or almost stop”举个🌰：

The dinner party conversation faltered for a moment. 晚宴上的谈话出现了一会儿冷场。

51 billion 510亿

The cost in euros of Germany’s bailout of Uniper, once Europe’s biggest importer of Russian gas. The utility company has been decimated this year as energy prices soared. The business was hit particularly hard after Gazprom, the Russian energy company that was its biggest supplier, cut gas flows in apparent retaliation for economic sanctions on Moscow over the invasion of Ukraine. Uniper posted a net loss of €40 billion, or about $42.5 billion — the biggest in German corporate history — for the first nine months of 2022. The government nationalized the company to avoid a Lehman Brothers-style effect on the energy sector.

德国救助Uniper的欧元成本，该公司曾是欧洲最大的俄罗斯天然气进口商。由于能源价格飙升，这家公用事业公司今年遭受重创。该公司最大供应商俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司切断了天然气供应，明显是为了报复俄罗斯因入侵乌克兰而受到的经济制裁，令Uniper受到极大打击。2022年前9个月，Uniper公布的净亏损为400亿欧元，约425亿美元，是德国企业历史上最大的亏损。政府将该公司国有化，以避免在能源领域出现雷曼兄弟式的影响。

表示“紧急财政援助；（通常指从经济上）帮助（某人或机构）脱离困境”，英文解释为“A bailout of an organization or individual that has financial problems is the act of helping them by giving them money.”举个🌰：

Three years of huge losses forced the bank to seek a government bailout. 长达3年的巨额亏损迫使银行向政府寻求援助。

decimate /ˈdes.ɪ.meɪt/ 表示“毁灭，大量杀戮；大幅削减”，英文解释为“to kill a large number of something, or to reduce something severely”举个🌰：

Populations of endangered animals have been decimated. 濒危动物的数量已经大幅减少。

1）表示“急剧增加”，英文解释为“If the amount, value, level, or volume of something soars, it quickly increases by a great deal.”举个🌰：

Shares soared on the New York stock exchange. 纽约证券交易所股票暴涨。

2）表示“高飞，翱翔”，英文解释为“If something such as a bird soars into the air, it goes quickly up into the air.”举个🌰：

If you're lucky, a splendid golden eagle may soar into view. 幸运的话，一只金色雄鹰会跃入视线。

3）作动词，表示“升空；升腾”，英文解释为“to rise quickly and smoothly up into the air”举个🌰：

The rocket soared (up) into the air. 火箭升空。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇分析受疫情影响的旅游业的文章中提到：Soaring incomes in China explain part of the increase. 这一增长的部分原因是中国人收入猛增。

retaliation /rɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/ 表示“报复；反击”，英文解释为“the act of hurting someone or doing something harmful to someone because they have done or said something harmful to you”

8 billion 80亿

The amount in dollars of the shortfall in FTX’s accounts when the cryptocurrency exchange founded by Sam Bankman-Fried declared bankruptcy last month. The company, once seen as one of the most stable in the sector, could owe money to more than a million people and organizations. Mr. Bankman-Fried was once lauded as an industry leader, able to secure funding from top investors who backed a wide range of causes and businesses, from charities and politicians to sports and the news media. But he is now under criminal investigation, former top associates are cooperating with the authorities, and FTX has been called “one of the biggest financial frauds in American history.”

上月萨姆·班克曼—弗里德创立的加密货币交易所FTX宣布破产时该交易所账户上的美元缺口。该公司曾被视为该行业最稳定的公司之一，现在可能欠了100多万人及组织的钱。班克曼—弗里德曾被誉为行业领袖，能够从顶级投资者那里获得资金，这些投资者支持广泛的事业和企业，从慈善机构和政治人士到体育和新闻媒体。但现在他正在接受刑事调查，他的前高级助手正在与当局合作，FTX被称为“美国历史上最大的金融欺诈之一”。

cryptocurrency  /ˈkrɪptoʊkɜːrənsi/ 表示“（公共网络的，而非政府发行的）加密电子货币（使用加密法确保付款安全支付及收取）”，实际就是加密货币，英文解释为“a digital currency produced by a public network, rather than any government, that uses cryptography to make sure payments are sent and received safely”，如：cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin 诸如比特币一类的加密电子货币。

表示“称赞，赞美”，英文解释为“to praise someone or something”举个🌰：

He lauded the work of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. 他赞扬了联合国难民事务高级专员的工作。

1）熟词僻义，作动词，表示“获得；设法得到；争取到”，英文解释为“to get something, sometimes with difficulty”举个🌰：

He was disappointed by his failure to secure the top job with the bank. 他因没能得到银行的高层工作而失望。

2）表示“使安全；保护；保卫”，英文解释为“to make certain something is protected from danger or risk”举个🌰：

This form of investment is an excellent way of securing your children's financial future. 这种投资方式是为你的孩子提供日后经济保障的极佳方式。

11 years and three months 11年零3个月

The length of time that Elizabeth Holmes, the founder of the blood-testing start-up Theranos, was sentenced to prison after being convicted of defrauding investors. (Ramesh Balwani, the company’s former C.O.O., was sentenced to nearly 13 years.) Ms. Holmes raised $945 million and her company was valued as high as $9 billion, turning her into one of Silicon Valley’s most celebrated entrepreneurs. But her claims that Theranos’s technology would enable tests to be conducted with just a few drops of blood proved untrue.

血液检测初创公司Theranos的创始人伊丽莎白·霍姆斯因欺诈投资者被判入狱的时间。（该公司前首席运营官拉梅什·巴尔瓦尼被判近13年监禁。）霍姆斯筹集了9.45亿美元，她的公司估值高达90亿美元，使她成为硅谷最著名的企业家之一。但她声称Theranos的技术只需几滴血就能进行检测，这被证明是不真实的。

convict表示“证明…有罪；定罪；宣判…有罪”，英文解释为“If someone is convicted of a crime, they are found guilty of that crime in a court of law.”举个🌰：

There was insufficient evidence to convict him. 没有足够的证据证明他有罪。

747

Boeing produced its final humpbacked jumbo jet on Dec. 6. The industry’s push for more fuel-efficient planes and the pandemic proved the death knell for the onetime titan of the skies. The plane made its first commercial flight in January 1970. By being able to carry hundreds of passengers at a time, the 747 helped drive a boom in international travel. But its market share fell in recent years, as airlines shifted to more sustainable and less expensive aircraft.

12月6日，波音公司生产了最后一架该型号巨型喷气式飞机。航空业对更省油飞机的推动和新冠疫情为这个曾经的航空业巨头敲响了丧钟。1970年1月，该型号飞机进行了首次商业飞行。由于一次能搭载数百名乘客，747帮助推动了国际旅行的繁荣。但近年来，随着航空公司转向更可持续、更便宜的飞机，它的市场份额有所下降。

death knell /ˈdeθ ˌnel/ 表示“终结的预兆，完结的信号”，英文解释为“a warning of the end of something”举个🌰：

The opening of the superstore will sound/toll the death knell for (= cause the failure of) hundreds of small independent shops. 大型超市的开张将会为数百家独立经营的小店铺敲响丧钟。

titan /ˈtaɪ.tən/表示“巨人；巨头”，英文解释为“If you describe someone as a titan of a particular field, you mean that they are very important and powerful or successful in that field.”

类似的还有：

📍mogul /ˈməʊɡəl/表示“（尤指新闻、影视界的）大人物；大亨”，英文解释为“A mogul is an important, rich, and powerful businessman, especially one in the news, film, or television industry.”如：an international media mogul一位国际传媒大亨。

📍magnate /ˈmæɡneɪt, -nɪt/ 表示“大亨，巨头”，英文解释为“a rich and powerful person in industry or business”。

📍tycoon /taɪˈkuːn/ 表示“巨头，大亨（工商界）”，英文解释为“someone who is successful in business or industry and has a lot of money and power”如：property tycoon 房地产大亨。

📍conglomerate /kənˈglɒmərɪt/ 表示“联合大公司；企业集团”，英文解释为“A conglomerate is a large business firm consisting of several different companies.”如：the world's second-largest media conglomerate 世界第二大传媒集团。

📍behemoth /ˈbiːhɪmɒθ/ 表示“巨头（指规模庞大、实力雄厚的公司或机构）”，英文解释为“a very big and powerful company or organization”。

📍giant表示“巨头，大公司”，英文解释为“Giant is often used to refer to any large, successful business organization or country.”如：Japanese electronics giant, Sony 日本的电子业巨头——索尼公司。

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