​强震已致土耳其叙利亚超5000人遇难

根据有关部门最新统计，在土耳其南部和叙利亚北部发生的两次强烈地震已导致逾5,000人死亡。

🤔️小作业：

无注释原文：

Earthquakes Deepen Suffering of Syrians Displaced by War, Poverty

From: The Wall Street Journal

As earthquakes struck a swath of Turkey and Syria on Monday morning, Jihan Bayram ran out of her house in her pajamas to a parking lot in the Syrian city of Aleppo, where a crowd gathered.

Mothers warmed their babies in blankets in the freezing night air. “I thought we were going to die,” said Ms. Bayram, 33 years old, a teacher who lived in Aleppo through a decade of civil war. 

“Aleppo has suffered so much,” she said. “It’s like we are back in a deep crisis.”

Two powerful earthquakes and their aftershocks devastated a section of battle-scarred northern Syria that was already reeling from war, a mass exodus of its people and a grinding economic crisis. Northern Syria houses millions of people displaced by the country’s long civil war, including nearly two million people living in makeshift camps, more than half of whom are children. 

The quakes killed about 1,400 people in the Aleppo region and several other areas of Syria, said the Syrian Civil Defense organization, known as the White Helmets, and the Health Ministry affiliated with the government. Casualty figures were expected to rise, as many people were still missing and communications lines had been damaged in the earthquakes and many areas were out of reach for aid organizations and authorities.

“The scene in Aleppo is frightening,” said Zaher Tahhan, another resident. He said people were too afraid to go back inside their own homes for fear of collapse. “It feels like doomsday.” 

Aleppo was once Syria’s biggest city and remains its cultural heartland, but it was devastated by the war.

The days leading up to the earthquake saw heavy rain and snow in northern Syria, which made residents there even more vulnerable to a natural disaster, said Madevi Sun-Suon, spokeswoman for the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in Turkey. 

“This spells disaster for an area that’s already suffered,” she said.

Warehouses had been damaged and hospitals were overwhelmed, residents in Aleppo said. Citizens were gathering outside in parks, school playgrounds and in yards outside mosques and churches, which opened their doors to displaced families. 

Even before the earthquakes, Syrians were struggling under the perhaps worst economic crisis since the civil war broke out more than a decade ago, marked by a collapsing currency, soaring prices and fuel shortages. Hospitals were running low on supplies. The U.N. said last month that 15 million of Syria’s 22 million people were in need of humanitarian aid. 

International sanctions targeting areas under the control of Mr. Assad have worsened a deep economic crisis in Aleppo, where infrastructure has deteriorated under the economic restrictions. 

The Norwegian Refugee Council, an aid group, said the earthquake had hit Syrians at the worst possible moment, during a winter storm and in an unprecedented cost-of-living crisis.

“Millions have already been forced to flee by war in the wider region and now many more will be displaced by disaster,” Carsten Hansen, NRC’s Middle East regional director, said.

注：中文文本为华尔街日报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Earthquakes Deepen Suffering of Syrians Displaced by War, Poverty

From: The Wall Street Journal

As earthquakes struck a swath of Turkey and Syria on Monday morning, Jihan Bayram ran out of her house in her pajamas to a parking lot in the Syrian city of Aleppo, where a crowd gathered.

当地时间周一清晨，土耳其和叙利亚的大片地区发生地震，Jihan Bayram穿着睡衣跑出家门，来到叙利亚阿勒颇市(Aleppo)的一个停车场，那里聚集了一群人。

熟词僻义，作名词，表示“（珍贵东西的）意外发现；（地下贵重物质的）发现”，英文解释为“the discovery underground of a valuable substance”举个🌰：

The population and settlement of Colorado expanded after the gold strike of 1858. 1858年发现黄金后，科罗拉多的人口和定居户数大幅增长。

作动词，1）表示“摆出（姿态）”，英文解释为“If you strike a pose or attitude, you put yourself in a particular position, for example when someone is taking your photograph.”举个🌰：

He struck a pose, one hand on his hip and the other waving an imaginary cigarette. 他摆出一个姿势，一只手叉腰，另一只手挥动着一支假想的香烟。

2）表示“（时钟）敲，鸣，报时”，英文解释为“When a clock strikes, its bells ring to show what the time is.”举个🌰：

The clock was striking ten as we went into the church. 我们走进教堂时响起了10点的报时钟声。

3）表示“突然侵袭；使受折磨；使遭受重创”，英文解释为“to cause a person or place to suffer severely from the effects of something very unpleasant that happens suddenly”举个🌰：

The disease has struck the whole community, sometimes wiping out whole families. 疾病袭击了整个社区，有时整个家庭都无一生还。

swath /swɑːθ/ 更常写作 swathe /sweɪð/ 1）表示“长条区域，大块区域；（尤指）长条田地，大块田地”，英文解释为“a long strip or large area especially of land”举个🌰：

Huge swathes of rainforest are being cleared for farming and mining. 为了耕种和采矿，大片大片的雨林被砍伐。

2）表示“部分；范围”，英文解释为“a large part of something that includes several different things”举个🌰：

These people represent a broad/wide swathe of public opinion. 这些人代表了广大人民的意见。

美式 pajamas 英式 pyjamas /pɪˈdʒɑː.məz/表示“睡衣；睡衣裤”，英文解释为“A pair of pyjamas consists of loose trousers and a top that people wear to bed.”

Mothers warmed their babies in blankets in the freezing night air. “I thought we were going to die,” said Ms. Bayram, 33 years old, a teacher who lived in Aleppo through a decade of civil war. 

在寒冷的夜里，母亲们用毯子给孩子们取暖。“我以为我们要死了，”33岁的Bayram说。她是一名教师，在阿勒颇度过了十年的内战。

freezing /ˈfriː.zɪŋ/ 表示“极冷的”，英文解释为“extremely cold”举个🌰：

It's freezing in here - can I close the window? 这儿冷极了——我把窗户关上可以吗？

“Aleppo has suffered so much,” she said. “It's like we are back in a deep crisis.”

“阿勒颇遭受了如此多的苦难，”她说，“我们好像又陷入了一场严重的危机。”

Two powerful earthquakes and their aftershocks devastated a section of battle-scarred northern Syria that was already reeling from war, a mass exodus of its people and a grinding economic crisis. Northern Syria houses millions of people displaced by the country's long civil war, including nearly two million people living in makeshift camps, more than half of whom are children.

两次强烈地震及余震破坏了叙利亚北部饱受战火摧残的部分地区，该地区已经被战争、大量人口外流、难熬的经济危机所困扰。叙利亚北部居住着数百万因该国长期内战而流离失所的人，有近200万人居住在临时营地，其中一半以上是儿童。

aftershock /ˈɑːf.tə.ʃɒk/ 表示“（地震后的）余震”，英文解释为“a sudden movement of the earth's surface that often follows an earthquake and is less violent than the first main movement”举个🌰：

The initial earthquake was followed by a series of aftershocks. 初震后又发生了一系列的余震。

devastate /ˈdɛvəˌsteɪt/ 表示“严重破坏；彻底摧毁”，英文解释为“If something devastates an area or a place, it damages it very badly or destroys it totally.”举个🌰：

The tsunami devastated parts of Indonesia and other countries in the region. 

这次海啸严重破坏了印度尼西亚和该区域其他国家的部分地区。

battle-scarred 表示“经历战争而满目疮痍的”，英文解释为“showing signs of damage from bullets, bombs, etc.”如：a battle-scarred city/compound 经历战争而满目疮痍的城市/楼群，也可以表示“在战争中受到精神或心理创伤的”，英文解释为“feeling the mental or emotional effects of fighting in a war”如：battle-scarred marines 在战争中受到精神创伤的海军陆战队士兵。

表示“发蒙；感到眩晕；感到震惊；感觉心烦意乱”，英文解释为“If you reel, or your mind or brain reels, you feel very confused or shocked and unable to act.”举个🌰：

We were reeling (in amazement/shock/delight) from/with the news that we had won all that money. 得知赢了那么多钱，我们都（惊愕得/震惊得/高兴得）发蒙了。

I was still reeling from the shock. 我吓得依然昏头转向。

exodus /ˈek.sə.dəs/ 1）表示“（大批人的）退出，离开”，英文解释为“the movement of a lot of people from a place”举个🌰：

There has been a mass exodus of workers from the villages to the towns. 一直有大量工人源源不断从农村涌入城市。

2）Exodus大写时表示“《出埃及记》（基督教《圣经‧旧约》第二卷，记载摩西率领以色列人离开埃及之事）”，英文解释为“the second book of the Bible telling of Moses and the journey of the Israelites out of Egypt”

grinding /ˈɡraɪndɪŋ/ 表示“没完没了的；无休止的；无改进的”，英文解释为“that never ends or improves”，如：grinding poverty 贫困不堪，赤贫。

表示“迫使…离开常居地（或原位）”，英文解释为“to force something or someone out of its usual or original position”举个🌰：

The building of a new dam will displace thousands of people who live in this area.

建造新水坝将迫使居住在这一地区的数千人迁往别处。

🎬电影《米尔克》（Milk）中的台词提到：And these are kids that would be displaced from families. 住在里面的都是些离家出走的孩子。

makeshift /ˈmeɪk.ʃɪft/ 表示“权宜的；临时代用的”，英文解释为“temporary and of low quality, but used because of a sudden need”举个🌰：

Thousands of refugees are living in makeshift camps. 数千个的难民居住在临时帐篷里。

The quakes killed about 1,400 people in the Aleppo region and several other areas of Syria, said the Syrian Civil Defense organization, known as the White Helmets, and the Health Ministry affiliated with the government. Casualty figures were expected to rise, as many people were still missing and communications lines had been damaged in the earthquakes and many areas were out of reach for aid organizations and authorities.

叙利亚民防组织“白头盔”和卫生部表示，地震在叙利亚阿勒颇等地区造成约1400人死亡。伤亡数字预计还会上升，许多人仍处于失联状态，通信线路在地震中遭到损坏，很多地区援助组织和有关部门尚无法到达。

affiliated 1）表示“附属（某组织）的；（与某组织）有关连的”，英文解释为“connected with or controlled by a group or organization”

2）表示“（某人在政治上）支持某党派的”，英文解释为“used to refer to people who state that they support a particular political party when they register to vote”

📍affiliate /əˈfɪliət/  作名词，表示“附属机构；分支机构；分公司；分会”，英文解释为“a company, an organization, etc. that is connected with or controlled by another larger one”，如：an affiliate of the university 大学的隶属机构/分支机构。

affiliate 作动词，表示“使并入，使隶属（较大的团体或组织）；使紧密联系”，英文解释为“to cause a group to become part of or form a close relationship with another, usually larger, group, or organization”，如：a college affiliated to Zhejiang University 浙江大学附属学院；举个🌰：

The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。

顺便看下几个“xx附中”怎么说？

📍北京大学附属中学 The Affiliated High School of Peking University

📍清华大学附属中学 Tsinghua University High School

📍中国人民大学附属中学 The High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China

📍浙江大学附属中学 The High School Attached to Zhejiang University

casualty /ˈkæʒjʊəltɪ/ 1）表示“死伤者”，英文解释为“A casualty is a person who is injured or killed in a war or in an accident.”

2）表示“受害者，遇难者；毁坏物”，英文解释为“A casualty of a particular event or situation is a person or a thing that has suffered badly as a result of that event or situation.”举个🌰：

The car industry has been one of the greatest casualties of the recession. 汽车工业是经济不景气最大的受害者之一。

“The scene in Aleppo is frightening,” said Zaher Tahhan, another resident. He said people were too afraid to go back inside their own homes for fear of collapse. “It feels like doomsday.” 

另一位当地居民Zaher Tahhan说：“阿勒颇的场景令人恐惧。”他说，人们非常害怕，不敢回到家里，担心会发生坍塌。“这感觉就像末日。”

doomsday /ˈduːmz.deɪ/ 表示“世界末日”，英文解释为“the end of the world, or a time when something very bad will happen”

Aleppo was once Syria's biggest city and remains its cultural heartland, but it was devastated by the war.

阿勒颇曾是叙利亚最大的城市，目前仍是该国的文化中心地带，但该城在内战中遭到损毁。

The days leading up to the earthquake saw heavy rain and snow in northern Syria, which made residents there even more vulnerable to a natural disaster, said Madevi Sun-Suon, spokeswoman for the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in Turkey. 

联合国人道主义事务协调厅土耳其办事处发言人Madevi Sun-Suon说，地震发生前的几天，叙利亚北部下了大雨和大雪，当地居民因此更易受自然灾害影响。

“This spells disaster for an area that's already suffered,” she said.

“这对一个已然饱受煎熬的地区来说意味着灾难，” 她说。

霍格沃茨新生报到文中提到，spell 熟词僻义，1）表示“咒语，符咒；魔法；着魔”，英文解释为“spoken words that are thought to have magical power, or (the condition of being under) the influence or control of such words”举个🌰：

The witch cast/put a spell on the prince and he turned into a frog. 女巫对王子施了魔法，把他变成了青蛙。

2）表示“（持续的）一段时间”，英文解释为“a period of time for which an activity or condition lasts continuously”举个🌰：

I lived in Shanghai for a spell. 我在上海住过一阵子。

3）也表示“（特定天气的）一段短暂持续时间”，英文解释为“a short period of a particular type of weather”如：a spell of dry weather 一段天气干燥的日子。

4）作动词，spell disaster/trouble 表示“意味着灾难／会招致麻烦（等等）”，英文解释为“to cause something bad to happen in the future”举个🌰：

This cold weather could spell trouble for gardeners. 这种寒冷的天气可能会为菜农带来灾难。

Warehouses had been damaged and hospitals were overwhelmed, residents in Aleppo said. Citizens were gathering outside in parks, school playgrounds and in yards outside mosques and churches, which opened their doors to displaced families. 

阿勒颇的居民说，仓库已受损，医院也人满为患。市民们在室外聚集于公园、学校操场以及清真寺和教堂外的院子里；这些场所向流离失所的家庭敞开了大门。

warehouse /ˈweə.haʊs/ 表示“货仓，仓库”，英文解释为“a large building for storing things before they are sold, used, or sent out to shops, or ”举个🌰：

The goods have been sitting in a warehouse for months because a strike has prevented distribution. 因为罢工无法发货，货物已经堆在仓库里好几个月了。

📍英式 warehouse / 美式 warehouse store 表示“仓库批发店，大型零售商店”，英文解释为“a large shop selling large numbers of a particular product at a cheap rate”

mosque /mɒsk/ 表示“清真寺”，英文解释为“a building for Islamic religious activities and worship”

Even before the earthquakes, Syrians were struggling under the perhaps worst economic crisis since the civil war broke out more than a decade ago, marked by a collapsing currency, soaring prices and fuel shortages. Hospitals were running low on supplies. The U.N. said last month that 15 million of Syria's 22 million people were in need of humanitarian aid. 

即便在此次地震发生之前，叙利亚人就已在这场可能是内战爆发十多年来最严重的经济危机中挣扎，其特征是货币崩溃、价格飙升和燃料短缺。地震发生前，医院的医疗用品库存已经不多。联合国上个月表示，在叙利亚2,200万人口中，有1,500万人需要人道主义援助。

1）表示“货币，通货”，英文解释为“the money that is used in a particular country at a particular time”如：foreign currency 外币。

2）表示“流行；流通；通用”，英文解释为“the state of being commonly known or accepted, or of being used in many places”举个🌰：

His ideas enjoyed wide currency during the last century. 他的思想在上个世纪广为流传。

1）表示“急剧增加”，英文解释为“If the amount, value, level, or volume of something soars, it quickly increases by a great deal.”举个🌰：

Shares soared on the New York stock exchange. 纽约证券交易所股票暴涨。

2）表示“高飞，翱翔”，英文解释为“If something such as a bird soars into the air, it goes quickly up into the air.”举个🌰：

If you're lucky, a splendid golden eagle may soar into view. 幸运的话，一只金色雄鹰会跃入视线。

3）作动词，表示“升空；升腾”，英文解释为“to rise quickly and smoothly up into the air”举个🌰：

The rocket soared (up) into the air. 火箭升空。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇分析受疫情影响的旅游业的文章中提到：Soaring incomes in China explain part of the increase. 这一增长的部分原因是中国人收入猛增。

International sanctions targeting areas under the control of Mr. Assad have worsened a deep economic crisis in Aleppo, where infrastructure has deteriorated under the economic restrictions. 

针对阿萨德控制地区的国际制裁加剧了阿勒颇的严重经济危机，由于经济受限，阿勒颇的基础设施状况已经恶化。

1）常见含义表示“制裁”，英文解释为“an official order, such as the stopping of trade, that is taken against a country in order to make it obey international law”举个🌰：

Many nations have imposed sanctions on the country. 许多国家都对其进行制裁。

2）可以作动词也可以作名词，表示“批准；认可”，英文解释为“If someone in authority sanctions an action or practice, they officially approve of it and allow it to be done.”举个🌰：

He may now be ready to sanction the use of force. 他或许现在正准备批准使用武力。

作动词，表示“恶化”，英文解释为“If something deteriorates, it becomes worse in some way.”举个🌰：

She was taken into hospital last week when her condition suddenly deteriorated. 她是在上周病情突然恶化时被送进医院的。

The Norwegian Refugee Council, an aid group, said the earthquake had hit Syrians at the worst possible moment, during a winter storm and in an unprecedented cost-of-living crisis.

援助组织挪威难民委员会（Norwegian Refugee Council）表示，叙利亚人在最困苦的时刻遭遇了这场地震，地震发生时该国正遭受一场冬季风暴，此外该国正经历一场前所未有的生活成本危机。

表示“史无前例的，空前的；绝无仅有的”，英文解释为“never having happened or existed in the past”举个🌰：

This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented scale. 环境在本世纪遭到了空前的破坏。

🎬电影《星运里的错》（The Fault in Our Stars）中的台词提到：You are so busy being you that you have no idea how utterly unprecedented you are. 你太忙于做自己 都没有意识到自己是那么的令人心动。

“Millions have already been forced to flee by war in the wider region and now many more will be displaced by disaster,” Carsten Hansen, NRC's Middle East regional director, said.

挪威难民委员会中东地区主管Carsten Hansen表示：“在更广泛的地区，已有数以百万计的人员因战争被迫逃离，现在将有更多人因灾难而流离失所。”

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