世界讨厌香菜日来了

今天是个奇怪的日子世界讨厌香菜日。你喜欢吃香菜吗？有研究发现，爱不爱吃香菜似乎是基因决定的？我们一起来看看。

🤔️小作业：

1.「香菜，芫荽」怎么表达？

2.「挑剔的」怎么表达？

3. legitimate是什么意思？

无注释原文：

Why some people like coriander and others think it tastes like soap, according to science

From: The Mirror

24 Feb 2021

It's International 'I Hate Coriander' Day, so to celebrate the occasion, here's a look at the scientific reason why some people like the herb, while others think it tastes like soap

While Marmite is known for its slogan - you either love it or hate it - there seems to be one other ingredient that divides foodies just as much, if not more.

And that, my friends, is coriander.

While some enjoy adding the herb to as many meals as possible, others are disgusted by the stuff and believe it ruins any dish it's in, making it taste soapy and inedible.

I am firmly in the latter category, being a coriander hater, which may make you think I'm a 'fussy eater', but it turns out this actually isn't the case.

Apparently, there's a scientific reason why some people dislike coriander (or cilantro, as it's also known) and it's partly to do with their genes.

Back in 2012, statistical geneticist Nicholas Eriksson and his team discovered that there's a "genetic component to cilantro taste perception and suggest that cilantro dislike may stem from genetic variants in olfactory receptors".

This research was published by Cornell University and concluded that receptor genes known as the OR6A2 cluster could be contributing to the "detection of a soapy smell from cilantro".

Following this, DNA testing company, 23andme did some research into whether or not loving coriander (known as cilantro in the US) is a "genetic trait".

They asked around 50,000 of their customers whether they liked or disliked the taste of coriander.

The company then compared the DNA of those who liked and disliked and agreed a genetic variation they believe to be associated with those who consider it soapy-tasting.

They shared their findings in a blog post, writing: "Cilantro’s aromatic qualities primarily depend on a group of compounds known as aldehydes. One type of aldehyde has been described as being 'fruity' and 'green' and another type as being 'soapy' and 'pungent'.

"One of the eight genes near the SNP we identified codes for a receptor called OR6A2, which is known to detect aldehydes such as those found in cilantro. Although this finding provides evidence that genetic variation in olfactory receptors is involved in cilantro taste perception, common genetic variants explain only a very small part of the difference – a half per cent – between 23andMe customers for this trait."

According to The Telegraph, around 10 per cent of the population are affected by the OR6AC gene variant and it is thought to be more common in women and those of European descent.

If all of this wasn't enough to convince you, Professor Russell Keast, who specialises in sensory and food science at Deakin University’s School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, has also shared his thoughts on our genetic make-up and the coriander love/hate debate.

In a post on the university's website, he explained: "We have smell receptors in our nose that are responsible for identifying volatile compounds in the atmosphere, including volatile compounds released from potential foods.

"Sense of smell is highly variable between people, so what I experience may not be what you experience, and this can be due to quantity, type and natural variations with smell receptors."

So there you have it, folks. You're not necessarily being picky when it comes to coriander - there could be a legitimate scientific reason for your hatred.

I, for one, feel pretty vindicated.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Why some people like coriander and others think it tastes like soap, according to science

From: The Mirror

24 Feb 2021

It's International 'I Hate Coriander' Day, so to celebrate the occasion, here's a look at the scientific reason why some people like the herb, while others think it tastes like soap

今天是国际讨厌香菜日，为了庆祝这个节日，让我们来看看为什么有些人喜欢香菜，有些人则认为它尝起来像肥皂，其背后有什么科学依据。

coriander /ˌkɒr.iˈæn.dər/ 表示“芫荽，香菜”，英文解释为“a plant whose leaves or seeds are added to food to give a special flavour”

表示“（用作调味品或药材的）香草，药草”，英文解释为“a type of plant whose leaves are used in cooking to give flavour to particular dishes or in making medicine”

While Marmite is known for its slogan - you either love it or hate it - there seems to be one other ingredient that divides foodies just as much, if not more.

虽然马麦酱因其广告语“非爱即恨”而闻名——但似乎还有一种食材同样让吃货们两极分化（对香菜的爱恨程度如果不比马麦酱的深的话，至少是一样的）。

slogan /ˈsləʊɡən/ 表示“口号；广告语”，英文解释为“A slogan is a short phrase that is easy to remember. Slogans are used in advertisements and by political parties and other organizations who want people to remember what they are saying or selling.”

1）表示“（成功的）要素，因素”，英文解释为“one of the parts of something successful”举个🌰：

Trust is a vital ingredient in a successful marriage. 信任是婚姻幸福的重要因素。

2）表示“（尤指烹调用的）原料”，英文解释为“Ingredients are the things that are used to make something, especially all the different foods you use when you are cooking a particular dish.”举个🌰：

Coconut is a basic ingredient for many curries. 椰子是多种咖喱菜的基本成分。

foodie /ˈfuː.di/ 表示“美食家”，英文解释为“a person who loves food and is very interested in different types of food”

表示“使产生分歧；使意见不一”，英文解释为“to make two or more people disagree”举个🌰：

The issue has divided the company. 这个问题在公司中引起了意见分歧。

And that, my friends, is coriander.

朋友们，那就是香菜。

While some enjoy adding the herb to as many meals as possible, others are disgusted by the stuff and believe it ruins any dish it's in, making it taste soapy and inedible.

虽然有些人喜欢在尽可能多的饭菜中加入香菜，另一些人则对此感到厌恶，认为它会破坏任何菜肴，使其尝起来像肥皂，难以下咽。

disgusted /dɪsˈɡʌs.tɪd/ 表示“反感的，厌恶的，憎恶的”，英文解释为“feeling extreme dislike or disapproval of something”举个🌰：

She was disgusted at the way they treated their children. 她很反感他们对待孩子的方式。

soapy /ˈsəʊ.pi/ 表示“含有肥皂的；像肥皂的”，英文解释为“containing or like soap”举个🌰：

I soaked it in some soapy water and the stains came out. 我把它浸泡在肥皂水中，污渍就被洗去了。

inedible /ɪˈned.ə.bəl/ 表示“不可食用的，不适合食用的”，英文解释为“not suitable as food”举个🌰：

The meat was inedible. 这肉不能吃。

I am firmly in the latter category, being a coriander hater, which may make you think I'm a 'fussy eater', but it turns out this actually isn't the case.

我绝对属于后者，我讨厌香菜，这可能会让你认为我是一个“挑食者”，但事实证明并非如此。

fussy /ˈfʌs.i/ 表示“过分挑剔的；难以满足的”，英文解释为“not easily satisfied, or having very high standards about particular things”举个🌰：

All children were fussy eaters. 所有的孩子都挑食。

Apparently, there's a scientific reason why some people dislike coriander (or cilantro, as it's also known) and it's partly to do with their genes.

显然，有些人不喜欢香菜（也称为芫荽）是有科学依据的，这部分与他们的基因有关。

cilantro /sɪˈlæn.trəʊ/ 表示“芫荽，香菜”，英文解释为“the leaves of the coriander plant, used to add flavour to food”

Back in 2012, statistical geneticist Nicholas Eriksson and his team discovered that there's a "genetic component to cilantro taste perception and suggest that cilantro dislike may stem from genetic variants in olfactory receptors".

早在2012年，统计遗传学家尼古拉斯·埃里克森（Nicholas Eriksson）和他的团队就发现“香菜味觉感知有遗传成分，并表明不喜欢香菜可能源于嗅觉受体的遗传变异”。

geneticist /dʒəˈnet.ɪ.sɪst/ 表示“遗传学家”，英文解释为“a person who studies genetics”

表示“基因的；遗传信息的”，英文解释为“belonging or relating to genes (= parts of the DNA in cells) received by each animal or plant from its parents”如：a genetic defect/disease 基因缺陷/遗传性疾病。

1）表示“认识，观念，看法”，英文解释为“a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem”举个🌰：

These photographs will affect people's perceptions of war. 这些照片会影响人们对战争的看法。

2）表示“知觉；感知”，英文解释为“the way you notice things, especially with the senses”如：visual perception 视觉；

🎬电影《失落的大陆》（Land of the Lost）中的台词提到：he has terrible depth perception 他的深度感知力很差。

stem /stem/ 表示“源自；由…造成”，英文解释为“to start or develop as the result of something”举个🌰：

Her problems stem from her difficult childhood. 她的问题主要是由艰难的童年生活造成的。

表示“变体；变种；变形”，英文解释为“A variant of a particular thing is something that has a different form from that thing, although it is related to it.”举个🌰：

The quagga was a strikingly beautiful variant of the zebra. 白氏斑马是一种极其美丽的斑马变种。

olfactory /ɒlˈfæk.tər.i/ 表示“嗅觉的”，英文解释为“connected with the ability to smell”如：the olfactory nerve 嗅觉神经。

表示“感受器；受体”，英文解释为“a nerve ending which receives information about changes in light, heat etc and causes the body to react in particular ways”。

This research was published by Cornell University and concluded that receptor genes known as the OR6A2 cluster could be contributing to the "detection of a soapy smell from cilantro".

康奈尔大学发表了这项研究，并得出结论，嗅觉受体基因OR6A2簇可能有助于“检测从香菜中散发出来的肥皂味”。

作动词，表示“群集，丛生；聚集”，英文解释为“be ore come into a cluster or close group; congregate”举个🌰：

The children clustered together in the corner of the room. 孩子们聚集在房间的角落里。

作名词，1）表示“（人或动物的）群，团，组”，英文解释为“a group of people, animals or things close together”如：a cluster of spectators 一群旁观者；

2）表示“（同类物丛生或聚集的）簇，团，束，串”，英文解释为“a group of things of the same type that grow or appear close together”

Following this, DNA testing company, 23andme did some research into whether or not loving coriander (known as cilantro in the US) is a "genetic trait".

随后，DNA检测公司23andme进行了一些研究，分析喜欢香菜（或者芫荽）是否是“遗传特征”。

They asked around 50,000 of their customers whether they liked or disliked the taste of coriander.

该公司询问了约5万名客户，喜欢或不喜欢香菜的味道。

The company then compared the DNA of those who liked and disliked and agreed a genetic variation they believe to be associated with those who consider it soapy-tasting.

然后，该公司比较了那些喜欢和不喜欢的人的DNA，并确定了他们认为与那些觉得香菜有肥皂味的人相关的基因变异。

They shared their findings in a blog post, writing: "Cilantro’s aromatic qualities primarily depend on a group of compounds known as aldehydes. One type of aldehyde has been described as being 'fruity' and 'green' and another type as being 'soapy' and 'pungent'.

他们在一篇博文中分享了他们的发现，写道：“香菜的芳香主要取决于一组化合物，即醛类化合物。一种醛类化合物被描述为‘果香’和‘青葱’，另一种被描述为‘肥皂味’和‘刺激性’。

aromatic /ˌærəˈmætɪk/ 表示“有香味的，有香气的，芳香的”，英文解释为“having a pleasant smell”如：aromatic herbs 气味芬芳的药草。

2）表示“（围起来的）场地，楼群，院落”，英文解释为“an area surrounded by fences or walls that contains a group of buildings”举个🌰：

They marched into the compound. 他们进入大院。

作动词，表示“使加重，使加剧，使恶化”，英文解释为“to make a problem or difficult situation worse”举个🌰：

Her terror was compounded by the feeling that she was being watched. 她有种被人监视的感觉，这加剧了她的恐惧感。

fruity /ˈfruː.ti/ 表示“水果的；水果味的”，英文解释为“smelling or tasting of fruit”举个🌰：

This wine has a delicious fruity flavour. 这种酒有一种可口的水果香味。

pungent /ˈpʌn.dʒənt/ 表示“（气味）刺鼻的；（味道）强烈的”，英文解释为“A pungent smell or taste is very strong, sometimes unpleasantly strong.”如：the pungent whiff of a goat 山羊发出的刺鼻膻味。

也可以表示“（话语或文章）尖刻的，尖锐的”，英文解释为“Pungent speech or writing is very strongly felt.”如：pungent criticism/commentary 尖刻的批评/评论。

"One of the eight genes near the SNP we identified codes for a receptor called OR6A2, which is known to detect aldehydes such as those found in cilantro. Although this finding provides evidence that genetic variation in olfactory receptors is involved in cilantro taste perception, common genetic variants explain only a very small part of the difference – a half per cent – between 23andMe customers for this trait."

“我们发现的SNP附近八个基因中，有一个编码了一种称为OR6A2的受体。据了解，该受体能够检测诸如在香菜中发现的那些醛类化合物。尽管这一发现提供了证据，表明嗅觉受体的遗传变异与香菜味觉感知有关，但常见的遗传变异只能解释23andMe客户之间这一特征差异的很一小部分——仅占半个百分点。”

According to The Telegraph, around 10 per cent of the population are affected by the OR6AC gene variant and it is thought to be more common in women and those of European descent.

据《电讯报》（The Telegraph）报道，大约10%的人口受到OR6AC基因变异的影响，而这种变异在女性和欧洲人中似乎更为常见。

表示“血缘关系，家族关系；祖先；出身，血统”，英文解释为“the state or fact of being related to a particular person or group of people who lived in the past”，如：of Asian descent 亚裔，举个🌰：

She's a woman of mixed/French descent. 她是一个混血/法裔女人。

📍descent作动词还有“下降，下落；下沉”的意思，英文解释为“a movement down”，举个🌰：

The plane began (to make) its final descent into the airport. 飞机开始（做）最终下降，准备在机场着陆。

📍还可以表示“不期而至，突然到达”，英文解释为“an occasion when a group of people arrive somewhere, usually suddenly or unexpectedly”，举个🌰：

We weren't prepared for the descent of thousands of journalists on the town. 我们没想到数千名记者会突然来到镇上。

If all of this wasn't enough to convince you, Professor Russell Keast, who specialises in sensory and food science at Deakin University’s School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, has also shared his thoughts on our genetic make-up and the coriander love/hate debate.

如果这一切还不足以说服你，迪肯大学（Deakin University）运动和营养科学学院专门研究感官和食品科学的拉塞尔·凯斯特（Russell Keast）教授也分享了他对我们基因构成和香菜爱恨之争的看法。

convince /kənˈvɪns/ 表示“说服；使相信；使信服”，英文解释为“to persuade someone or make someone certain”举个🌰：

I hope this will convince you to change your mind. 我希望这会说服你改变主意。

specialize/specialise 表示“专门研究，专攻；专门从事”，英文解释为“to spend most of your time studying one particular subject or doing one type of business”举个🌰：

She hired a lawyer who specializes in divorce cases. 她请了个专打离婚官司的律师。

sensory /ˈsen.sər.i/ 表示“感觉的；感官的”，英文解释为“connected with the physical senses of touch, smell, taste, hearing, and sight”

In a post on the university's website, he explained: "We have smell receptors in our nose that are responsible for identifying volatile compounds in the atmosphere, including volatile compounds released from potential foods.

在该大学网站上的一篇文章中，他解释道：“我们鼻子里有嗅觉受体，负责识别大气中的挥发性化合物，包括潜在食物释放的挥发性化合物。

volatile /ˈvɒl.ə.taɪl/ 1）表示“不稳定的；易变的；易怒的，喜怒无常的”，英文解释为“likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly or suddenly become violent or angry”举个🌰：

He had a volatile temper and couldn't have been easy to live with. 他的脾气十分暴躁，别人很难与他相处。

2）表示“（液体或固体）易挥发的，易气化的”，英文解释为“A volatile liquid or solid substance will change easily into a gas.”

"Sense of smell is highly variable between people, so what I experience may not be what you experience, and this can be due to quantity, type and natural variations with smell receptors."

“人的嗅觉极为不同，因此我所感受的可能不是你所感受的那样，这可能是由于数量、类型和自然差异导致的。

variable /ˈveə.ri.ə.bəl/  作形容词，表示“多变的；反复无常的”，英文解释为“likely to change often”如：a variable interest rate 不断变化的利率。

作名词，表示“可变情况；变量；可变因素”，英文解释为“a situation, number or quantity that can vary or be varied”举个🌰：

With so many variables, it is difficult to calculate the cost. 有这么多的可变因素，很难计算出成本。

补充：

📍constant作名词，表示“常数；常量”，英文解释为“a number or quantity that does not vary”。

So there you have it, folks. You're not necessarily being picky when it comes to coriander - there could be a legitimate scientific reason for your hatred.

所以明白了吧，朋友们。说到香菜，不一定是你比较挑剔——你所讨厌的可能有合理的科学依据。

表示“挑剔的”，英文解释为“Someone who is picky is very careful about choosing only what they like.”举个🌰：

The children are such picky eaters. 孩子们非常挑食。

表示“合法的，正当的，法律允许的”，英文解释为“allowed by law”举个🌰：

Is his business strictly legitimate? 他的生意是否绝对合法？

hatred /ˈheɪ.trɪd/ 表示“憎恨，憎恶”，英文解释为“an extremely strong feeling of dislike”举个🌰：

The motive for this shocking attack seems to be racial hatred. 看起来这起令人震惊的攻击事件的动机像是种族仇恨。

I, for one, feel pretty vindicated.

就我而言，我觉得证明了我完全是无辜的。

vindicate /ˈvɪn.dɪ.keɪt/ 1）表示“证明…正确；证明…是真的”，英文解释为“to prove that what someone said or did was right or true, after other people thought it was wrong”举个🌰：

The investigation vindicated her complaint about the newspaper. 调查证明了她对那家报纸的投诉属实。

2）表示“证明（某人）无辜，澄清”，英文解释为“to prove that someone is not guilty or is free from blame, after other people blamed them”举个🌰：

They said they welcomed the trial as a chance to vindicate themselves. 他们说他们欢迎审判，那是证明他们无罪的一个机会。

- 今日盘点 -

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