到2035年全球超一半人口将超重或肥胖

近日，世界肥胖联合会的一份报告称，除非各国政府采取果断的行动遏制日益严重的超重或肥胖现象，否则到2035年，全球将有一半以上的人口将超重或肥胖。

🤔️小作业：

1. BMI全称是什么？是什么意思？

2. repercussion是什么意思？

3. 什么是perfect storm?

无注释原文：

More than half of humans on track to be overweight or obese by 2035 – report

From: The Guardian

More than half of the world's population will be overweight or obese by 2035 unless governments take decisive action to curb the growing epidemic of excess weight, a report has warned.

About 2.6 billion people globally – 38% of the world population – are already overweight or obese. But on current trends that is expected to rise to more than 4 billion people (51%) in 12 years' time, according to research by the World Obesity Federation.

Without widespread use of tactics such as taxes and limits on the promotion of unhealthy food, the number of people who are clinically obese will increase from one in seven today to one in four by 2035. If that happens, almost 2 billion people worldwide would be living with obesity.

Those with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 are judged to be overweight, while people whose BMI is at least 30 are deemed to be obese. Evidence shows that obesity increases someone's risk of cancer, heart disease and other diseases.

Obesity among children and young people is on course to increase faster than among adults. By 2035 it is expected to be at least double the rate seen in 2020, according to the federation's latest annual World Obesity Atlas report.

It is expected to rise by 100% among boys under 18, leaving 208 million affected, but go up even more sharply – by 125% – among girls the same age, which would see 175 million of them affected.

Prof Louise Baur, the federation's president, said the stark findings were “a clear warning that by failing to address obesity today, we risk serious repercussions in the future.

“It is particularly worrying to see obesity rates rising fastest among children and adolescents.”

“Governments and policymakers around the world need to do all they can to avoid passing health, social and economic costs on to the younger generation,” Baur added.

The federation is an alliance of health, scientific, research and campaign groups, and works closely on obesity with various global agencies, including the World Health Organization (WHO). Its members in the UK include the Association for the Study of Obesity.

It wants governments to use tax systems; restrictions on the marketing of foods that are high in fat, salt or sugar; front-of-pack labels; and provision of healthy food in schools to address rising obesity.

The federation's report also highlights that many of the world's poorest countries are facing the sharpest increases in obesity yet are the least well prepared to confront the disease.

Nine of the 10 countries set to experience the biggest rises in coming years are low- or middle-income nations in Africa and Asia.

Niger, Papua New Guinea, Somalia, Nigeria and Central African Republic are the least prepared countries to deal with rising obesity, the federation says. Rachel Jackson Leach, the federation's director of science, warned that without firm action, low- and middle-income countries that are least able to tackle obesity would suffer major consequences.

“The greatest increases will be seen in low- and middle-income countries where scarce resources and lack of preparedness will create a perfect storm that will negatively impact people living with obesity the most,” she said.

It ranks rich European nations as the 10 best prepared of 183 countries studied. That list is headed by Switzerland, Norway, Finland, Iceland and Sweden. The UK was judged seventh on that measure.

The global cost of obesity is also due to rocket, from $1.96tr in 2019 to $4.32tr by 2035, which would be the equivalent of 3% of global GDP – a sum comparable to the economic damage wrought by Covid-19 – the federation estimates.

Its report says that rising obesity globally is being driven by factors such as the climate emergency, Covid restrictions and chemical pollutants, as well as the composition and promotion of unhealthy foods and the behaviour of the food industry.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

More than half of humans on track to be overweight or obese by 2035 – report

From: The Guardian

More than half of the world's population will be overweight or obese by 2035 unless governments take decisive action to curb the growing epidemic of excess weight, a report has warned.

一份报告警告称，除非各国政府采取果断措施，遏制日益严重的肥胖症，否则到2035年，全球超过一半的人口将超重或肥胖。

obese /əʊˈbiːs/ 表示“肥胖的，臃肿的”，英文解释为“extremely fat in a way that is dangerous for health”举个🌰：

He was not just overweight; he was clinically obese. 他不仅只是体重偏高，而是医学定义上的肥胖。

1）作形容词，表示“流行的；盛行的；肆虐的”，英文解释为“happening a lot and affecting many people”举个🌰：

Crime and poverty are epidemic in the city. 犯罪和贫穷如瘟疫一般在这个城市肆虐。

2）作名词，表示“（疾病的）流行，传染”，英文解释为“the appearance of a particular disease in a large number of people at the same time”如：a flu epidemic 流感的传播；

3）表示“泛滥；蔓延”，英文解释为“a particular problem that seriously affects many people at the same time”如：a crime epidemic 犯罪频发。

About 2.6 billion people globally – 38% of the world population – are already overweight or obese. But on current trends that is expected to rise to more than 4 billion people (51%) in 12 years' time, according to research by the World Obesity Federation.

全球约有26亿人（占世界人口的38%）超重或肥胖。但是根据世界肥胖联合会的研究，按照目前的趋势，预计12年后这个数字将上升到40亿人以上（51%）。

obesity /oʊˈbiːsəti/ 表示“肥胖”，英文解释为“the fact of being extremely fat, in a way that is dangerous for health”。

Without widespread use of tactics such as taxes and limits on the promotion of unhealthy food, the number of people who are clinically obese will increase from one in seven today to one in four by 2035. If that happens, almost 2 billion people worldwide would be living with obesity.

如果不广泛采用税收和限制推广不健康食品等措施，肥胖症人数将从现在占比七分之一到2035年变为四分之一。届时全球将有近20亿人患有肥胖症。

Those with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 are judged to be overweight, while people whose BMI is at least 30 are deemed to be obese. Evidence shows that obesity increases someone's risk of cancer, heart disease and other diseases.

身体质量指数（BMI）大于25的人即视为超重，而BMI大于30的人即视为肥胖。证据表明，肥胖会增加人们患癌症、心脏病等疾病的风险。

BMI表示“体重指数（通过身高与体重的关系，衡量是否肥胖的一种标准）”，英文解释为“a measurement of a person's weight in relation to their height, used to find out if they are too fat”举个🌰：

Obesity for adults was defined as a body mass index of 30 or greater. 成年人肥胖定义为体重指数达到或者超过30。

表示“认为; 相信”，英文解释为“If something is deemed to have a particular quality or to do a particular thing, it is considered to have that quality or do that thing.”举个🌰：

He says he would support the use of force if the UN deemed it necessary. 他说如果联合国认为有必要，他就支持动用武力。

Obesity among children and young people is on course to increase faster than among adults. By 2035 it is expected to be at least double the rate seen in 2020, according to the federation's latest annual World Obesity Atlas report.

儿童和年轻人患肥胖症的增长速率将快于成年人的。根据该联合会最新《世界肥胖症图谱》报告，到2035年，预计这一速率将至少是2020年的两倍。

atlas /ˈæt.ləs/ 表示“图表册”，英文解释为“a book containing maps showing where particular things are made, found, etc.”如：a wine atlas 葡萄酒分布图册，或者指“地图集，地图册”，英文解释为“a book containing maps”如：a road atlas 道路交通图册。

It is expected to rise by 100% among boys under 18, leaving 208 million affected, but go up even more sharply – by 125% – among girls the same age, which would see 175 million of them affected.

预计18岁以下男孩的肥胖率将增长100％，影响2.08亿人，而同龄女孩的肥胖率将增长125％，影响1.75亿人。

Prof Louise Baur, the federation's president, said the stark findings were “a clear warning that by failing to address obesity today, we risk serious repercussions in the future.

该联合会主席路易丝·鲍尔教授（Prof Louise Baur）说，这些残酷的报告结果是“明确的警告，如果今天不解决肥胖问题，我们将来可能会受到严重的影响。”

1）表示“（对比）明显的，鲜明的”，英文解释为“If two things are in stark contrast to one another, they are very different from each other in a way that is very obvious.”如：stark differences 鲜明的区别，举个🌰：

The good weather was in stark contrast to the storms of previous weeks. 这时的好天气和前几个星期的暴风雨形成鲜明的对比。

2）表示“严酷的；赤裸裸的；真实而无法回避的”，英文解释为“unpleasant; real, and impossible to avoid”。

repercussion /ˌriːpəˈkʌʃən/ 表示“后果”，英文解释为“If an action or event has repercussions, it causes unpleasant things to happen some time after the original action or event.”举个🌰：

It was an effort which was to have painful repercussions. 那是一个将产生沉痛后果的尝试。

“It is particularly worrying to see obesity rates rising fastest among children and adolescents.”

“令人格外担忧的是，青少年儿童的肥胖率上升最快。”

adolescent /ˌædəˈlesnt/ 作名词，表示“青少年”，英文解释为“a young person who is developing into an adult”。

作形容词，表示“青春期的；青少年的”，英文解释为“being or relating to an adolescent”如：an adolescent boy 青春期的男孩；也可以指“（成年人或其行为）孩子气的，幼稚的”，英文解释为“used to describe an adult or an adult's behaviour that is silly and like a child's”如：adolescent humour/behaviour 孩子气的幽默/幼稚的举止。

“Governments and policymakers around the world need to do all they can to avoid passing health, social and economic costs on to the younger generation,” Baur added.

鲍尔补充说：“世界各国政府和决策者需要尽其所能，避免将健康、社会和经济成本转嫁给年轻一代。”

The federation is an alliance of health, scientific, research and campaign groups, and works closely on obesity with various global agencies, including the World Health Organization (WHO). Its members in the UK include the Association for the Study of Obesity.

该联合会是由卫生、科学、研究和运动团体组成的联盟，并与包括世界卫生组织（WHO）在内的各种全球机构就应对肥胖问题进行密切合作。该联合会在英国的成员包括肥胖研究协会。

1）表示“结盟国家（或团体），同盟国家（或团体）”，英文解释为“a group of countries, political parties, or people who have agreed to work together because of shared interests or aims”如：a military alliance 军事同盟。

2）表示“联盟，结盟；同盟”，英文解释为“an agreement to work with someone else to try to achieve the same thing”

It wants governments to use tax systems; restrictions on the marketing of foods that are high in fat, salt or sugar; front-of-pack labels; and provision of healthy food in schools to address rising obesity.

该联合会希望政府利用税收制度；限制高脂、高盐或高糖食品的营销；在产品包装上标注营养信息；并在学校提供健康食品，以解决日益严重的肥胖问题。

1）表示“提供；供给；准备”，英文解释为“the act of providing something”举个🌰：

The provision of good public transport will be essential for developing the area. 提供良好的公共交通对该地区的发展极为重要。

1）表示“（法律文件的）规定，条款”，英文解释为“a condition or an arrangement in a legal document”举个🌰：

Under the provisions of the lease, the tenant is responsible for repairs. 按契约规定，房客负责房屋维修。

The federation's report also highlights that many of the world's poorest countries are facing the sharpest increases in obesity yet are the least well prepared to confront the disease.

该联合会的报告还强调，世界上许多最贫困的国家正面临着肥胖率的急剧上升，但却最不具备应对这种疾病的能力。

1）表示“面临（问题、任务、困难等）”，英文解释为“If you are confronted with a problem, task, or difficulty, you have to deal with it.”举个🌰：

She was confronted with severe money problems. 她面临严重的资金问题。

2）表示“正视（困难局面或问题）”，英文解释为“If you confront a difficult situation or issue, you accept the fact that it exists and try to deal with it.”举个🌰：

We are learning how to confront death. 我们在学习如何正视死亡。

Nine of the 10 countries set to experience the biggest rises in coming years are low- or middle-income nations in Africa and Asia.

未来几年将出现最大涨幅的10个国家中，有9个是非洲和亚洲的中低收入国家。

Niger, Papua New Guinea, Somalia, Nigeria and Central African Republic are the least prepared countries to deal with rising obesity, the federation says. Rachel Jackson Leach, the federation's director of science, warned that without firm action, low- and middle-income countries that are least able to tackle obesity would suffer major consequences.

该联合会表示，尼日尔、巴布亚新几内亚、索马里、尼日利亚和中非共和国是最不具备应对肥胖增长问题的国家。该联合会的科学主任瑞秋·杰克逊·利奇（Rachel Jackson Leac）警告说，如果不采取果断行动，最没有能力应对肥胖问题的低收入和中等收入国家将遭受重大后果。

“The greatest increases will be seen in low- and middle-income countries where scarce resources and lack of preparedness will create a perfect storm that will negatively impact people living with obesity the most,” she said.

她说：“增幅最大的将是中低收入国家，那里资源稀缺、缺乏准备，将会是雪上加霜，对肥胖症患者的负面影响最大。”

表示“缺乏的；不足的；稀少的”，英文解释为“if sth is scarce , there is not enough of it and it is only available in small quantities”，如：scarce resources 稀缺资源，举个🌰：

Food and clean water were becoming scarce. 食物和洁净的水越来越少了。

perfect storm /ˌpɜː.fekt ˈstɔːm/ 表示“（许多糟糕的事情同时发生而）糟得不可更糟的局面；祸不单行；屋漏偏逢连夜雨”，英文解释为“an extremely bad situation in which many bad things happen at the same time”

It ranks rich European nations as the 10 best prepared of 183 countries studied. That list is headed by Switzerland, Norway, Finland, Iceland and Sweden. The UK was judged seventh on that measure.

在该联合会所调查的183个国家中，最具应对能力的前10个国家均为富裕的欧洲国家。前10名中，瑞士、挪威、芬兰、冰岛和瑞典名列前茅，英国排名第七。

The global cost of obesity is also due to rocket, from $1.96tr in 2019 to $4.32tr by 2035, which would be the equivalent of 3% of global GDP – a sum comparable to the economic damage wrought by Covid-19 – the federation estimates.

该联合会估计，全球肥胖成本也将激增，从2019年的1.96万亿美元增长到2035年的4.32万亿美元，这相当于全球GDP的3%，这一数额与新冠疫情造成的经济损失相当。

rocket作动词除了表示“迅速上升，猛涨”，也可以表示“迅速取得成功；一举成名”，英文解释为“to achieve a successful position very quickly”，举个🌰：

Their new album rocketed to number one in the charts. 他们的新专辑跃居排行榜首位。

1）作形容词，表示“（价值、数量、意义、重要性等）相等的，相同的”，英文解释为“equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.”举个🌰：

Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles. 八公里约等于五英里。

2）作名词，表示“相等的东西；等量；对应词”，英文解释为“a thing, amount, word, etc. that is equivalent to sth else”。

比如，提到Weibo时候会介绍为中国版的Twitter，常见的有几种说法：

🧣Weibo, China's Twitter-like service (SCMP)

🧣Weibo, the Chinese equivalent to Twitter (NPR NEWS)

🧣Twitter-like Weibo (Reuters)

🧣Weibo, a Twitter-like platform (NYT)

wrought /rɔːt/ 表示“使发生”，英文解释为“to cause something to happen”举个🌰：

He has wrought (= caused) considerable changes in the company. 他已使这家公司发生了巨大的变化。

This century wrought major changes in our society. 本世纪给我们的社会带来了重大变革。

有说，wrought是work过去式的旧式，也有说，其原形是wreak /riːk/ 表示“造成，引起（灾祸等）”，英文解释为“to cause something to happen in a violent and often uncontrolled way”举个🌰：

The recent storms have wreaked havoc on crops. 最近的暴风雨给农作物造成了巨大的灾害。

Its report says that rising obesity globally is being driven by factors such as the climate emergency, Covid restrictions and chemical pollutants, as well as the composition and promotion of unhealthy foods and the behaviour of the food industry.

该报告称，全球肥胖率的上升受到许多因素的推动，包括气候紧急情况、新冠疫情限制、化学污染物、不健康食品的成分和宣传，以及食品行业的行为等。

composition /ˌkɒm.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ 表示“成分；构成；结构”，英文解释为“the parts, substances, etc. that something is made of”如：the composition of the atmosphere 大气的构成。

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