对别人竖中指犯法吗？

近日，加拿大魁北克法院法官就一起竖中指指控的案件进行裁决。该法官认为，向别人竖中指是上帝赋予的、宪章规定的权利，并不是犯罪行为。

🤔️小作业：

1.「竖中指」怎么表达？文中一共出现了几种表达？

2. triviality, trivial是什么意思？

3. receive a citation是什么意思？

无注释原文：

Judge says flipping the bird is the right of 'every red-blooded Canadian'

From: The Wall Street Journal

The Canadian neighbors had developed a distaste for each other after arguing for months, but an interaction in May 2021 upped the ante.

As Michael Naccache watched Neall Epstein walk by his house, Naccache held up a drill and cursed at Epstein, according to court records. In response, Epstein flashed his middle fingers and swung his right arm in a dismissive manner, which Naccache believed was a throat-slashing gesture, the documents state.

When Epstein returned home from his long walk, police officers were waiting for him. They arrested him and charged him with criminal harassment and uttering death threats.

Epstein's charges were recently reviewed in the Court of Quebec, where Judge Dennis Galiatsatos denounced the allegations as “petty neighbourhood trivialities.” He dismissed the charges last month, calling the fact that police intervened an “injustice.”

“To be abundantly clear, it is not a crime to give someone the finger,” Galiatsatos wrote in the decision. “Flipping the proverbial bird is a God-given, Charter enshrined right that belongs to every red-blooded Canadian.”

Audrey Roy-Cloutier, a spokeswoman for Quebec's prosecution service, said in a statement to The Washington Post that the office won't appeal the decision “even though we disagree with some of the statement's findings.”

Epstein's attorney, Joalie Jenkins, said in a statement that her client is “happy with the outcome.”

The back and forth between Epstein and Naccache occurred between March and May of 2021. At the heart of the months-long tension, according to the judge's decision, was Naccache's disapproval of neighborhood children and families — including Epstein's — playing, walking or gathering in the street, particularly because of the ongoing pandemic.

On May 18, 2021, Naccache testified that he heard a noise while using a handheld jackhammer during home renovations. Epstein said Naccache called him “crazy” and cursed at him, which prompted him to curse back, court documents state.

Epstein then gave Naccache the finger with both hands before making the gesture with his arm. Naccache testified that he believed Epstein made a throat-slashing gesture and a punching motion with his hand, while Epstein said he flicked his arm more casually, as if to say “leave me alone.”

Naccache, who said his life felt threatened, called the police. Epstein cooperated with officials and provided a voluntary statement, according to court documents.

While reviewing video footage of the event, Galiatsatos wrote in his decision that there was no evidence to support Naccache's claims that he feared for his life.

“On what basis did he fear that Mr. Epstein was a potential murderer?” Galiatsatos wrote. “The fact that he went for quiet walks with his kids? The fact that he socialized with the other young parents on the street? If that is the standard, we should all fear that our neighbours are killers in waiting.”

The legality of flipping someone off has long been debated. In 2019, a U.S. Court of Appeals judge ruled a raised middle finger was a form of free speech. But that same year, a North Carolina court ruled in favor of a state trooper who charged a driver who'd flipped him the bird. This month, a Delaware man sued police after he received a citation for pointing the middle finger toward officials.

In this case, Galiatsatos ruled that first responders like police face more important issues than neighbors trading insults.

“It is deplorable that the complainants have weaponized the criminal justice system in an attempt to exert revenge on an innocent man for some perceived slights that are, at best, trivial peeves,” Galiatsatos wrote.

Near the end his written ruling, Galiatsatos said he wished he could throw the case's files out of a window to express his bewilderment at Epstein's charges.

“Alas, the courtrooms of the Montreal courthouse do not have windows,” he wrote. “A mere verdict of acquittal will have to suffice.”

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Judge says flipping the bird is the right of 'every red-blooded Canadian'

From: The Wall Street Journal

The Canadian neighbors had developed a distaste for each other after arguing for months, but an interaction in May 2021 upped the ante.

在争吵了数月之后，加拿大一对邻居彼此之间互相不满，2021年5月的一次互动让情况变得更加紧张。

distaste /dɪsˈteɪst/ 表示“厌恶，讨厌，不喜欢”，英文解释为“a dislike of something that you find unpleasant or unacceptable”举个🌰：

His distaste for publicity of any sort is well known. 众所周知，他不喜欢任何形式的宣传。

表示“交流，交往；相互作用，相互影响”，英文解释为“an occasion when two or more people or things communicate with or react to each other”举个🌰：

There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers. 管理部门与工人之间的沟通不够。

表示“增加赌注；提高要求；提高风险”，英文解释为“If you up the ante, you increase your demands or the risks in a situation in order to achieve a better result.”举个🌰：

He has upped the ante by refusing to negotiate until a ceasefire has been agreed. 他增加了砝码，在达成停火协议之前拒绝谈判。

As Michael Naccache watched Neall Epstein walk by his house, Naccache held up a drill and cursed at Epstein, according to court records. In response, Epstein flashed his middle fingers and swung his right arm in a dismissive manner, which Naccache believed was a throat-slashing gesture, the documents state.

庭审记录显示，当迈克尔·纳卡奇（Michael Naccache）看着尼尔·爱泼斯坦（Neall Epstein）从他家门口走过时，纳卡奇举起钻孔机，对爱泼斯坦破口大骂。庭审记录指出，作为回应，爱泼斯坦轻蔑地竖起中指，挥动着右臂。纳卡奇认为这是一个割喉的手势。

drill /drɪl/  1）表示“钻；钻床；钻机”，英文解释为“a tool or machine that makes holes”如：an electric/pneumatic drill 电/风钻。

2）表示“（尤指军事）训练，练习”，英文解释为“an activity that practises a particular skill and often involves repeating the same thing several times, especially a military exercise intended to train soldiers”如：a spelling/pronunciation drill 拼写/发音练习，举个🌰：

In some of these schools, army-style drills are used to instil a sense of discipline. 这些学校中有一些利用军训来培养纪律观念。

1）作名词，表示“咒骂语；骂人话”，英文解释为“a rude or offensive word or phrase that some people use when they are very angry”。

2）作动词，表示“诅咒，咒骂；骂人”，英文解释为“to use a word or an expression that is not polite and shows that you are very angry”举个🌰：

She was cursing her brother for losing her keys. 她在骂弟弟，因为他弄丢了她的钥匙。

作动词，swing /swɪŋ/ 表示“挥动（拳头或器物）打击”，英文解释为“to move an object or your fist in an attempt to hit something or someone”举个🌰：

I swung (the bat) and missed. 我挥动（球棒）击球，但是没有打中。

1）作名词，表示“秋千”，英文解释为“a seat for swinging on, hung from above on ropes or chains”；

2）表示“摆动；挥动；转动；强劲节奏”，英文解释为“a swinging movement or rhythm”，举个🌰：

He took a wild swing at the ball. 他对准球猛地挥拍一击。

3）表示“改变；改变的程度”，英文解释为“a change from one opinion or situation to another; the amount by which sth changes”，举个🌰：

Voting showed a 25% swing to him. 投票显示25%的人转而支持他。

表示“表现轻视；认为不值得考虑”，英文解释为“showing that you do not think something is worth considering”，如：a dismissive attitude 轻蔑的态度，举个🌰：

He's so dismissive of anybody else's suggestions. 他拒绝考虑其他任何人的建议。

🎬电影《希区柯克》（Hitchcock）中的台词提到：maybe I was a bit too dismissive about your friend 我可能有点小瞧你朋友。

作名词，表示“斜线号，斜杠”，英文解释为“the symbol / used in writing to separate letters, numbers, or words”举个🌰：

You often write a slash between alternatives, for example, "and/or". 通常在选择项之间会加斜线号，比如“和/或”。

作动词，1）表示“（用刀、剑等）猛削，劈，砍”，英文解释为“to cut or try to cut something violently with a knife, sword etc”举个🌰：

Someone had slashed the tires. 有人把轮胎割破了。

2）表示“大幅削减，大幅减少（金钱、工作等）”，英文解释为“to very much reduce something, such as money or jobs”举个🌰：

Prices have been slashed by 60 percent! 价格直降60%！

When Epstein returned home from his long walk, police officers were waiting for him. They arrested him and charged him with criminal harassment and uttering death threats.

当爱泼斯坦长途跋涉回到家时，警察正在等着他。他们逮捕了他，并指控他刑事骚扰和发出死亡威胁。

utter /ˈʌtə/ 表示“发出（声音）；说”，英文解释为“If someone utters sounds or words, they say them.”举个🌰：

He uttered a snorting laugh. 他扑哧一声笑了。

Epstein's charges were recently reviewed in the Court of Quebec, where Judge Dennis Galiatsatos denounced the allegations as “petty neighbourhood trivialities.” He dismissed the charges last month, calling the fact that police intervened an “injustice.”

魁北克法院最近对爱泼斯坦被指控进行了审查，法官丹尼斯·加利亚塔托斯（Dennis Galiatsatos）谴责这些指控为“邻里琐事”。上个月，他驳回了指控，并称警方的介入是“不公正的”。

表示“谴责；指责；斥责”，英文解释为“to strongly criticize sb/sth that you think is wrong, illegal, etc.”举个🌰：

The project was denounced as a scandalous waste of public money.

这项工程被斥责为挥霍公款，令人愤慨。

📍名词：denouncement /di'naunsmənt/，表示“谴责；指责；告发；痛骂；公开抨击”，英文解释为“a public act of denouncing；A charging of someone with a misdeed”；

⚠️区分：denouement /deɪˈnuːmɒn/ 表示“（戏剧、小说等的）结局，收场；（事情的）结果”（the end of a play, book, etc., in which everything is explained or settled; the end result of a situation）

📺英剧《唐顿庄园》（Downton Abbey）中的台词提到：But if you tell Granny I said so, I'll denounce you as a liar. 但你要是敢把我的话告诉奶奶 我就说你撒谎。

表示“指控，指责”，英文解释为“An allegation is a statement saying that someone has done something wrong.”举个🌰：

The company has denied the allegations. 该公司否认了这些指控。

petty /ˈpet.i/ 1）表示“琐碎的；无足轻重的”，英文解释为“not important and not worth giving attention to”举个🌰：

Prisoners complain that they are subjected to too many petty rules and restrictions. 犯人们抱怨他们受到太多条条框框的管制。

2）表示“过于注重琐事的；小心眼的，心胸狭窄的”，英文解释为“complaining too much about things that are not important”举个🌰：

Don't be so petty! 别这么小心眼！

triviality /ˌtrɪv.iˈæl.ə.ti/ 表示“琐事，小事”，英文解释为“something that is not important”举个🌰：

I'm a busy man - don't bother me with trivialities. 我很忙——别拿鸡毛蒜皮的小事来烦我。

1）表示“干预，介入”，英文解释为“If you intervene in a situation, you become involved in it and try to change it.”举个🌰：

She might have been killed if the neighbours hadn't intervened. 要不是邻居介入，她可能会没命了。

2）表示“插话”，英文解释为“If you intervene, you interrupt a conversation in order to add something to it.”举个🌰：

He intervened and told me to stop it. 他插话，不让我再说下去。

3）表示“干扰”，英文解释为“If an event intervenes, it happens suddenly in a way that stops, delays, or prevents something from happening.”举个🌰：

The boat arrived on Friday mornings unless bad weather intervened. 除非受到恶劣天气的干扰，船于星期五上午到达。

“To be abundantly clear, it is not a crime to give someone the finger,” Galiatsatos wrote in the decision. “Flipping the proverbial bird is a God-given, Charter enshrined right that belongs to every red-blooded Canadian.”

“说得很清楚，对别人竖起中指并不是犯罪行为，”加利亚塔托斯在判决中写道。“竖中指是上帝赋予的、宪章规定的权利，属于每一个鲜活的加拿大人。”

表示“向某人伸出中指”举个🌰：

It is very impolite to give someone the finger. 对某人比出中指是非常不礼貌的。

proverbial /prəˈvɜː.bi.əl/ 表示“谚语的，俗话所说的，常言中的；众所周知的”，英文解释为“as used in a proverb or other phrase”举个🌰：

The players pointed the proverbial finger at themselves as the ones needing to improve. 这些球员简直就是在对自己竖中指，其实他们才是需要提高的人。

flip/give sb the bird 表示“向人比中指”，英文解释为“to show someone in an offensive way that you are angry with that person by turning the back of your hand towards them and putting your middle finger up”

enshrine /ɪnˈʃraɪn/ 表示“把…置于神龛内；视...为神圣；使...神圣不可侵犯；铭记；珍藏（指传统或权利被保留下来以使人铭记、珍视）”，英文解释为“If something such as a tradition or right is enshrined in something, it is preserved and protected so that people will remember and respect it”举个🌰：

The right is enshrined in the Constitution. 该权利被载入宪法。

red-blooded /ˌredˈblʌd.ɪd/ 表示“血气方刚的；精力充沛的”，英文解释为“used to describe someone who seems full of confidence or sexual energy”举个🌰：

He says he's a red-blooded American male! 他说他是一个血气方刚的美国汉子！

Audrey Roy-Cloutier, a spokeswoman for Quebec's prosecution service, said in a statement to The Washington Post that the office won't appeal the decision “even though we disagree with some of the statement's findings.”

魁北克检察机关发言人奥黛丽·罗伊-克劳蒂埃（Audrey Roy-Cloutier）在给《华盛顿邮报》（The Washington Post）的一份声明中表示，“尽管我们不同意声明中的一些结论”，但该机关不会对判决提出上诉。

1) 表示“起诉”，英文解释为“Prosecution is the action of charging someone with a crime and putting them on trial.”如：a criminal prosecution 刑事诉讼。

2) 也可以表示“（刑事案件的）检控方，控方”，英文解释为“the prosecution the lawyers who try to prove in a court of law that someone is guilty of a crime”。

3）表示“实施；从事；进行”，英文解释为“the act of making sth happen or continue”。

Epstein's attorney, Joalie Jenkins, said in a statement that her client is “happy with the outcome.”

爱泼斯坦的律师乔莉·詹金斯（Joalie Jenkins）在一份声明中表示，她的当事人“对结果感到满意。”

attorney /əˈtɜːnɪ/ 表示“律师”，英文解释为“In the United States, an attorney or attorney-at-law is a lawyer.”比如我们可以说a prosecuting attorney，即“公诉律师”。

The back and forth between Epstein and Naccache occurred between March and May of 2021. At the heart of the months-long tension, according to the judge's decision, was Naccache's disapproval of neighborhood children and families — including Epstein's — playing, walking or gathering in the street, particularly because of the ongoing pandemic.

爱泼斯坦和纳卡奇之间的纠纷发生在2021年3月至5月。根据法官的裁决，长达数月紧张关系的核心是，纳卡奇不赞成邻居的孩子和家人（包括爱泼斯坦的）在街上玩耍、散步或聚集，尤其是因为当时疫情正在蔓延。

On May 18, 2021, Naccache testified that he heard a noise while using a handheld jackhammer during home renovations. Epstein said Naccache called him “crazy” and cursed at him, which prompted him to curse back, court documents state.

2021年5月18日，纳卡奇作证说，家里装修期间，他使用手提钻时听到了噪音。庭审文件指出，爱泼斯坦说纳卡奇称他为“疯子”，并咒骂他，他不得不还口。

表示“证明，证实；作证”，英文解释为“to speak seriously about something, especially in a law court, or to give or provide proof”举个🌰：

He testified that he had seen the man leaving the building around the time of the murder. 他作证说，自己看到那人在谋杀发生前后离开了大楼。

jackhammer /ˈdʒækˌhæm.ər/ 表示“风钻（同 pneumatic drill）”，英文解释为“a pneumatic drill ”

Epstein then gave Naccache the finger with both hands before making the gesture with his arm. Naccache testified that he believed Epstein made a throat-slashing gesture and a punching motion with his hand, while Epstein said he flicked his arm more casually, as if to say “leave me alone.”

爱泼斯坦随后用双手向纳卡奇竖起了中指，然后才做出手臂的姿势。纳卡奇作证说，他认为爱泼斯坦做了一个割喉的手势和出拳的动作，而爱泼斯坦则说他只是随意地摆动手臂，好像在说“别烦我。”

1）表示“用拳猛击”，英文解释为“If you punch someone or something, you hit them hard with your fist.”举个🌰：

After punching him on the chin she wound up hitting him over the head. 她对准他的下巴猛击一拳，最后又在他的头上打了一拳。

2）表示“按（键或钮）”，英文解释为“If you punch something such as the buttons on a keyboard, you touch them in order to store information on a machine such as a computer or to give the machine a command to do something.”举个🌰：

She strode to the lift and punched the button. 她大步走到电梯前按了一下按钮。

flick /flɪk/ 表示“（迅速）轻击，轻弹，轻拍，轻拂”，英文解释为“to move or hit something with a short sudden movement”举个🌰：

He carefully flicked the loose hairs from the shoulders of his jacket. 他仔细地把落在上衣肩上的头发轻轻弹掉。

Naccache, who said his life felt threatened, called the police. Epstein cooperated with officials and provided a voluntary statement, according to court documents.

纳卡奇认为受到了生命威胁，于是报了警。根据庭审文件，爱泼斯坦配合警方，主动作供述。

While reviewing video footage of the event, Galiatsatos wrote in his decision that there was no evidence to support Naccache's claims that he feared for his life.

加利亚塔托斯在他的判决中写道，在审查该事件的录像画面时，没有证据支持纳卡奇的说法，即他对自己的生命安全感到担忧。

表示“（描述某一事件的）片段镜头”，英文解释为“Footage of a particular event is a film of it or the part of a film which shows this event.”举个🌰：

They are planning to show exclusive footage from this summer's festivals. 他们计划独家播放今年夏季节日活动的片断镜头。

补充：

📍closed-circuit footage指的是监控录像画面；

📍CCTV：此CCTV非彼CCTV，其中的CC就是Closed Circuit的缩写，TV就是电视Television的缩写。

📍 那么CCTV，闭路电视什么意思呢？据维基百科，闭路电视（简称CCTV）是指在特定的区域进行视频传输，并只在固定回路设备里播放的电视系统。例如录像机、大楼内的监视器等。这类播放模式就被称作闭路电视。下次你可以观察下监控摄像头墙边上是不是有CCTV的字样。

“On what basis did he fear that Mr. Epstein was a potential murderer?” Galiatsatos wrote. “The fact that he went for quiet walks with his kids? The fact that he socialized with the other young parents on the street? If that is the standard, we should all fear that our neighbours are killers in waiting.”

“他有什么理由担心爱泼斯坦是一个潜在的杀人犯？”加利亚塔托斯写道。“他和孩子们安静地散步？他和街上其他年轻父母来往？如果这是衡量的标准，我们都应该担心，我们的邻居都是等待机会的杀手。”

The legality of flipping someone off has long been debated. In 2019, a U.S. Court of Appeals judge ruled a raised middle finger was a form of free speech. But that same year, a North Carolina court ruled in favor of a state trooper who charged a driver who'd flipped him the bird. This month, a Delaware man sued police after he received a citation for pointing the middle finger toward officials.

对别人竖中指的合法性长期以来一直存在争议。2019年，美国上诉法院的一名法官裁定，竖中指是言论自由的一种形式。但同年，北卡罗来纳州一法院做出了有利于当地警方的裁决，该州警指控一名司机竖起中指。本月，特拉华州一名男子因向官员竖中指而被传唤后起诉了警方。

trooper /ˈtruː.pər/ 表示“（美国的）州警察”，英文解释为“a police officer in one of the forces of the 50 states of the US”如：state troopers 州警察。

citation /saɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ 1）表示“引语，引文，引述”，英文解释为“a word or piece of writing taken from a written work”举个🌰：

All citations are taken from the 2015 edition of the text. 全部引文均出自该文本2015年的版本。

2）还可以表示“（法院的）传唤，传票”，英文解释为“an official request for someone to appear in a law court”

In this case, Galiatsatos ruled that first responders like police face more important issues than neighbors trading insults.

在这个案件中，加利亚塔托斯裁定，像警察这样的第一应急人员面临的问题比邻居之间的辱骂更重要。

“It is deplorable that the complainants have weaponized the criminal justice system in an attempt to exert revenge on an innocent man for some perceived slights that are, at best, trivial peeves,” Galiatsatos wrote.

加利亚塔托斯写道：“令人遗憾的是，投诉人将刑事司法系统武器化，认为自己受到了一些轻视，就试图对无辜的人进行报复，而这些轻视充其量只是微不足道的小事。”

deplorable /dɪˈplɔː.rə.bəl/ 表示“非常糟糕的，极其恶劣的”，英文解释为“very bad”举个🌰：

I thought his behaviour was absolutely deplorable. 我认为他的行为极其恶劣。

exert /ɪɡˈzɜːt/ 表示“运用；行使（权威、权力等）；施加（影响等）”，英文解释为“to use something such as authority, power, influence, etc. in order to make something happen”举个🌰：

If you were to exert your influence they might change their decision. 如果你能施加你的影响，他们或许会改变决定。

作形容词，比较熟悉表示“少量的，微小的”，英文解释为“small in amount or degree”如：a slight improvement 略微的改善。

作动词，表示“轻视，冷落；怠慢”，英文解释为“to insult someone by ignoring them or treating them as if not important”举个🌰：

I felt slighted when my boss thanked everyone but me for their hard work. 我的老板感谢了每个人所付出的艰辛劳动，唯独没有感谢我，这让我感到自己受到了轻视。

作名词，表示“轻视；冷落”，英文解释为“an action that insults a person because someone fails to pay attention to them or to treat them with the respect that they deserve”举个🌰：

I regarded her failure to acknowledge my greeting as a slight. 她没有理会我的问候，我认为这是在轻视我。

trivial /ˈtrɪvɪəl/ 表示“无关紧要的；微不足道的，琐碎的；没有价值的；容易解决的，不费吹灰之力的”，英文解释为“If you describe something as trivial, you think that it is unimportant and not serious.”举个🌰：

He tried to wave aside these issues as trivial details that could be settled later. 他对这些问题置之不理，视它们为可以后解决的无关紧要的细节。

peeve /piːv/ 表示“惹人生气的原因，怨恨；触怒”，英文解释为“a cause of annoyance”举个🌰：

We all have our irrational peeves. 我们都有非理性的怨恨。

Near the end his written ruling, Galiatsatos said he wished he could throw the case's files out of a window to express his bewilderment at Epstein's charges.

在其裁决书的最后，加利亚塔托斯表示，他希望他能把该案的文件丢掉，以表达他对爱泼斯坦被指控的不解之情。

bewilderment /bɪˈwɪl.də.mənt/ 表示“迷惘；困惑；迷乱”，英文解释为“confusion”如：a state of bewilderment 混乱状态。

“Alas, the courtrooms of the Montreal courthouse do not have windows,” he wrote. “A mere verdict of acquittal will have to suffice.”

“可惜，蒙特利尔法院的法庭没有窗户，”他写道，“只能宣判无罪了。”

alas /əˈlæs/ 表示“（表示悲伤或遗憾）哎呀，唉”，英文解释为“used to express sadness or feeling sorry about something”举个🌰：

I love football but, alas, I have no talent as a player. 我喜欢足球。唉，可惜我没有足球运动员的天分。

1）表示“（经过检验或认真考虑后的）决定，结论，意见”，英文解释为“a decision that you make or an opinion that you give about sth, after you have tested it or considered it carefully”举个🌰：

The doctor's verdict was that he was entirely healthy. 这名医生的判断是他完全是健康的。

2）另一个常用含义，表示“裁定，裁决，裁断”（In a court of law, the verdict is the decision that is given by the jury or judge at the end of a trial.）

🎬电影《真实故事》（True Story）中的台词提到：And the verdict was you're a liar. 而判决是，你是个骗子。

acquittal /əˈkwɪt.əl/ 表示“宣判无罪”，英文解释为“the decision of a court that someone is not guilty”。

suffice /səˈfaɪs/ 表示“足够；满足要求”，英文解释为“to be enough”举个🌰：

I'm taking ￥10 - I think that should suffice. 我带了10元——我觉得应该够了。

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