谣言的伤害力有多大

3月18日，苏州大学通报男生P图造女生黄谣，引发热议。谣言的伤害力有多大？发现被造谣怎么办？我们今天一起来看看。

🤔️小作业：

1. Rumors, Gossip和Fake news有什么区别？

2. juicy是什么意思？

3.「屏蔽/拉黑」怎么表达？

无注释原文：

Rumors, Gossip, and Your Health

From: WebMD

Rumors. Gossip. Fake news.

We've all heard these terms. While most consider them harmless, they can affect your health. Learning to tell the difference between fact and fiction can be a real boost -- both mentally and physically.

What happens when rumors aren't harmless? What if they damage someone's reputation, livelihood, or personal life?

If you're on the receiving end of untrue gossip, what do you do?

Rumors vs. Gossip vs. 'Fake News'

Rumors are defined as widely spread talk with no reliable source to back it up. They aren't always bad. Some rumors can even seem positive, like promotions, engagements, or awards.

But until proven otherwise, they are just that -- rumors.

Gossip is when you take rumors -- those unconfirmed pieces of information -- and pass them along, spreading what may be “fake news.”

What may be surprising is how difficult it can be to tell rumor and gossip from truth. Even people who are Internet-savvy can have trouble telling what's real and what's not. It can also be tough to tell the difference between news and advertisement. As a result, people sometimes give more weight to what they see in their social media feed than what they get from more credible news sources.

What's the Harm?

When it comes to "fake news," the effects can be both immediate and long-lasting. In most cases, a "fake news" story can rile up your emotions and change your mood. Depending on the strength of your feelings, the story, and the reaction it gave you, can stick in your head, even after you find out it's false. You may even remember those feelings if you see another story about the same subject.

On their own, rumors and gossip seem harmless; almost a fun pastime. But there's a point where they can become harmful to your health.

There's a great deal of information out there about bullying among teenagers and younger children. What's sometimes overlooked is that adults can be bullied, too.

It can come in the form of untrue rumors or gossip about them or a loved one. It can also come through reactions to words or an image that's been posted.

Physical appearance, politics, and financial issues can all become the subject of online bullying, too.

It's far from something to brush off. It can bring things like:

· Exhaustion

· Anxiety

· Depression

What's more, all this talk can escalate to physical violence. When it's not addressed, it can also cause long-term physical and mental health issues, including:

· Clinical depression

· Posttraumatic stress disorder

· Panic attacks

· Guilt

· Suicide

What Can You Do?

Rumors, gossip, and fake news can make you feel helpless, angry, and very anxious. There are steps you can take to regain your power and your health.

To avoid fake news, you can:

· Watch out for sites that end in ".com.co." Often, these are bootleg versions of traditional news services.

· Try to find other articles on the same topic from other sites, especially if the first article you read makes you upset. It's possible that the anger-inducing story was created in a way to rile you up.

· Check another source if an article you read uses all caps, either in headlines or in the article itself.

· Click the "About Us" tab for more information about the source.

· Poke around a little to see if other, more-known sites are reporting the story. If it's legitimate, at least one other site would cover it.

· Be careful about blogs, even if they're tied to well-known sites. In many cases, blogs aren't held to the same editorial standard as regular news pieces.

When you come across a piece of gossip, a juicy rumor, or an unflattering photo that clearly is aimed at hurting the subject, don't share it, don't comment, and don't engage. You might be able to help someone who doesn't know how to combat the problem by simply reporting it for them.

If you're the subject of a rumor, gossip, or bullying, it's important to remember that not every bit of teasing is bullying. But when it escalates to that point, don't respond. Cut them off -- block the calls and texts, and block them on social media.

Get in touch with your Internet service provider if the abuse is coming through a website or your smartphone. Chances are the bully is violating their terms of service. If so, the offensive posts will disappear. You can also contact the police. There are laws against harassment, stalking, and threatening behavior.

Don't engage with them. Don't forward the messages to friends. Most of all, don't believe whatever is being said about you.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Rumors, Gossip, and Your Health

From: WebMD

Rumors. Gossip. Fake news.

谣言。流言蜚语。假新闻。

gossip /ˈɡɒsɪp/ 表示“流言飞语；闲言碎语”，英文解释为“informal talk or stories about other people's private lives, that may be unkind or not true”。

We've all heard these terms. While most consider them harmless, they can affect your health. Learning to tell the difference between fact and fiction can be a real boost -- both mentally and physically.

我们都听说过这些术语。虽然大多数人认为它们是无害的，但它们可能会影响你的健康。学会区分事实和虚构，对你的身心健康都有好处。

What happens when rumors aren't harmless? What if they damage someone's reputation, livelihood, or personal life?

如果谣言会对人产生伤害呢？如果它们损害了某个人的声誉、生计或个人生活怎么办？

reputation /ˌrep.jəˈteɪ.ʃən/ 表示“名誉；声望；名望”，英文解释为“the opinion that people in general have about someone or something, or how much respect or admiration someone or something receives, based on past behaviour or character”举个🌰：

The company has a worldwide reputation for quality. 这家公司的产品质量誉满全球。

If you're on the receiving end of untrue gossip, what do you do?

如果你听到了虚假的流言蜚语，你会怎么做？

Rumors vs. Gossip vs. 'Fake News' 谣言 vs. 流言蜚语 vs. 假新闻

Rumors are defined as widely spread talk with no reliable source to back it up. They aren't always bad. Some rumors can even seem positive, like promotions, engagements, or awards.

谣言的定义是广泛传播的没有可靠来源支持的言论。谣言并不一定是不好的内容。有些谣言甚至看起来是正面的，比如晋升、订婚或获奖。

reliable /rɪˈlaɪ.ə.bəl/ 表示“可信赖的；可靠的；真实可信的”，英文解释为“Someone or something that is reliable can be trusted or believed because he, she, or it works or behaves well in the way you expect.”举个🌰：

Is your watch reliable? 你的表准吗？

But until proven otherwise, they are just that -- rumors.

但除非得到证实，否则它们只是谣言。

Gossip is when you take rumors -- those unconfirmed pieces of information -- and pass them along, spreading what may be “fake news.”

流言蜚语是指人们把谣言——那些未经证实的信息——传播出去，而传播的内容可能是“假消息”。

What may be surprising is how difficult it can be to tell rumor and gossip from truth. Even people who are Internet-savvy can have trouble telling what's real and what's not. It can also be tough to tell the difference between news and advertisement. As a result, people sometimes give more weight to what they see in their social media feed than what they get from more credible news sources.

令人惊讶的是，将谣言和流言蜚语与事实区分开非常困难。即使是熟悉互联网的人也很难区分什么是真实的，什么不是。区分新闻和广告也很困难。因此，人们有时会更倾向于相信他们在社交媒体中看到的内容，而不是从更可信的新闻源获取的内容。

savvy表示“有见识的；懂实际知识的；通情达理的”，英文解释为“having practical knowledge and understanding of sth; having common sense”，如tech-savvy指的就是懂技术，精通技术/科技的（knowing a lot about modern technology, especially computers）。

🎬电影《爱情、婚礼和婚姻》（Love, Wedding, Marriage）中的台词提到：if you're gonna be gone for six months, you need to be internet email savvy. 如果你要离开半年 你得精通互联网电子邮件。

作动词，表示“供给；供应；（尤指规律地或连续地）把…放进（机器或系统）”，英文解释为“to supply something to a person or thing, or put something into a machine or system, especially in a regular or continuous way”举个🌰：

The vegetables are fed into the machine at this end. 蔬菜从这头放进机器里。

feed一词，作名词时，不知道你有没有听过“Feed流”或者“信息流”这样的说法，熟悉互联网行业的人可能会比较了解，指的就是持续向用户提供内容更新的信息流服务，比如朋友圈（Moments），微博，抖音的形式，你可以以时间线或者兴趣度一条一条地往下刷或者说阅读。可以看下Web feed或者News feed的英文解释：a data format used for providing users with frequently updated content.

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述战斗机AI飞行员的文章中提到：Ms Broadbent’s team is also experimenting with novel ways to deliver information to a pilot, from a Twitter-like feed to an anthropomorphic avatar. 布罗德本特的团队也在测试用推特式消息流、拟人化形象等各种新鲜方式向飞行员发送信息。

What's the Harm? 有什么危害？

When it comes to "fake news," the effects can be both immediate and long-lasting. In most cases, a "fake news" story can rile up your emotions and change your mood. Depending on the strength of your feelings, the story, and the reaction it gave you, can stick in your head, even after you find out it's false. You may even remember those feelings if you see another story about the same subject.

说到“假新闻”，其影响是直接的，也是长期的。在大多数情况下，“假新闻”报道会煽动你的情绪，改变你的心情。取决于你情绪的强烈强度，即使你发现它是假的，“假新闻”报道及你的反应也会在你的脑海中挥之不去。如果你看到关于同一个主题的另一个报道，你甚至可能会记得那些感受。

rile作动词，表示“激怒；使恼火”，英文解释为“to make someone angry”，如rile sb 激怒某人，举个🌰：

Don't let her rile you. 不要让她激怒了你。

📍be/get riled up 表示“十分生气；恼火”，英文解释为“to be or get very annoyed”

On their own, rumors and gossip seem harmless; almost a fun pastime. But there's a point where they can become harmful to your health.

谣言和流言蜚语本身似乎无害；几乎是一种有趣的消遣。但是，它们也可能会对你的健康造成伤害。

表示“消遣，娱乐”，英文解释为“something that you do because you think it is enjoyable or interesting”举个🌰：

Learning English was my favourite pastime. 学英语是我最喜爱的消遣方式。

There's a great deal of information out there about bullying among teenagers and younger children. What's sometimes overlooked is that adults can be bullied, too.

青少年和年幼儿童被霸凌的新闻很多。有时被忽视的是，成年人也可能被霸凌。

作名词，表示“恃强凌弱者，以大欺小者”，英文解释为“someone who hurts or frightens someone who is smaller or less powerful, often forcing them to do something that they do not want to do”举个🌰：

You're just a big bully! 你欺负人！

作动词，表示“伤害；胁迫；欺负，欺凌”，英文解释为“to hurt or frighten someone who is smaller or less powerful than you, often forcing that person to do something they do not want to do”举个🌰：

Our survey indicates that one in four children is bullied at school. 我们的调查表明，有四分之一的孩子在学校受人欺负。

It can come in the form of untrue rumors or gossip about them or a loved one. It can also come through reactions to words or an image that's been posted.

可能是关于他们或所爱之人的虚假谣言或流言蜚语。也可能是源于所发布的文字或照片。

Physical appearance, politics, and financial issues can all become the subject of online bullying, too.

外貌、政治倾向和财务问题都可能成为网络霸凌的主题。

It's far from something to brush off. It can bring things like:

· Exhaustion

· Anxiety

· Depression

这绝非一件可以轻描淡写的事情。它可能导致以下问题：

· 疲劳

· 焦虑

· 抑郁

表示“漠视，不理睬”，英文解释为“to refuse to listen to what someone says, or to refuse to think about something seriously”举个🌰：

She just brushed off all their criticisms. 她对他们的一切批评都置之不理。

What's more, all this talk can escalate to physical violence. When it's not addressed, it can also cause long-term physical and mental health issues, including:

· Clinical depression

· Posttraumatic stress disorder

· Panic attacks

· Guilt

· Suicide

更严重的是，所有这些言论都可能升级为身体暴力。如果不及时解决，还可能引起长期的身心健康问题，包括：

·临床抑郁症

·创伤后应激障碍

·惊恐发作

·罪恶感

·自杀

escalate /ˈɛskəˌleɪt/ 表示“使…加剧；加剧”，英文解释为“If a bad situation escalates or if someone or something escalates it, it becomes greater in size, seriousness, or intensity.”举个🌰：

They fear the dispute could escalate. 他们都害怕争端会加剧。

🎬电影《死亡实验》（The Experiment）中的台词提到：Do I need to escalate matters right now? 逼我把事情闹大吗？

📍de-escalate /ˌdiːˈes.kə.leɪt/ 表示“（使）缓和，（使）缓解”，英文解释为“to (cause to) become less dangerous or difficult”举个🌰：

There are signs that the confrontation is beginning to de-escalate. 有迹象表明对立已经开始缓和。

表示“创伤后应激障碍”，英文解释为“a mental condition in which a person suffers severe anxiety and depression after a very frightening or shocking experience, such as an accident or a war.”

📍创伤后应激障碍（ post-traumatic stress disorder，PTSD）是指个体经历、目睹或遭遇到一个或多个涉及自身或他人的实际死亡，或受到死亡的威胁，或严重的受伤，或躯体完整性受到威胁后，所导致的个体延迟出现和持续存在的精神障碍。（百度百科）

panic attack /ˈpæn.ɪk əˌtæk/ 表示“（一阵突如其来的）惊慌失措，惶恐”，英文解释为“a sudden period of severe anxiety in which your heart beats fast, you have trouble breathing, and you feel as if something very bad is going to happen”

What Can You Do? 你能做什么？

Rumors, gossip, and fake news can make you feel helpless, angry, and very anxious. There are steps you can take to regain your power and your health.

谣言、流言和虚假新闻可能会让你感到无助、愤怒和非常焦虑。以下是一些可以采取的措施以助你恢复动力和健康。

To avoid fake news, you can:

为避免假新闻，您可以：

· Watch out for sites that end in ".com.co." Often, these are bootleg versions of traditional news services.

· 注意那些以“.com.co”结尾的网站，这些通常是传统新闻服务的山寨网站。

bootleg /ˈbuːt.leɡ/ 表示“非法制造（或贩卖）的；盗版的”，英文解释为“illegally made, copied, or sold”如：bootleg CDs/liquor 盗版光盘/私酒。

· Try to find other articles on the same topic from other sites, especially if the first article you read makes you upset. It's possible that the anger-inducing story was created in a way to rile you up.

· 尝试从其他网站上找到同一主题的其他文章，特别是如果你阅读的第一篇文章让你心烦意乱。这个引发愤怒的报道可能是为了煽动你的情绪而创作的。

作动词，1）表示“诱发（某种身体反应）；引起，导致”，英文解释为“to cause a particular physical condition”，如：a drug-induced coma 药物引起的昏迷，举个🌰：

Patients with eating disorders may use drugs to induce vomiting. 患有进食障碍的人可使用药物催吐。

2）表示“催生；引产”，英文解释为“to use a drug to make a pregnant woman start giving birth”举个🌰：

In this hospital, twins are often induced. 在这家医院生育双胞胎常常要引产的。

· Check another source if an article you read uses all caps, either in headlines or in the article itself.

· 如果你阅读的文章无论是在标题还是正文中，全部使用大写字母，请检查其他来源。

caps 复数，表示“大写字母”，英文解释为“short for capital letters (= letters of the alphabet in the form and larger size used at the beginning of sentences and names)”举个🌰：

I find myself typing angry sentences all in caps. 我发现自己全用大写表达了愤怒不满。

· Click the "About Us" tab for more information about the source.

· 单击“关于我们”标签以获取更多有关来源的信息。

tab /tæb/ 表示“（计算机屏幕或网站上的）标签”，英文解释为“a small symbol on a computer screen or website that allows you to open different documents or pages”举个🌰：

Move between pages by clicking on the tabs at the top of the screen. 点击屏幕上方的标签转换页面。

· Poke around a little to see if other, more-known sites are reporting the story. If it's legitimate, at least one other site would cover it.

· 搜索看看，是否有其他更知名的网站在报道这件事。如果是真的，至少还有其他网站会报道它。

poke /pəʊk/ 表示“搜索；翻找”，英文解释为“to search for something by moving things around, usually not in a very careful or organized way”举个🌰：I was poking around in the drawer, looking for the key, when I found this! 我在抽屉里翻来翻去找钥匙，就在这时找到了这个！

表示“合法的，正当的，法律允许的”，英文解释为“allowed by law”举个🌰：

Is his business strictly legitimate? 他的生意是否绝对合法？

· Be careful about blogs, even if they're tied to well-known sites. In many cases, blogs aren't held to the same editorial standard as regular news pieces.

· 对博客要小心，即使它们与知名网站相关联。在许多情况下，博客的编辑标准不如常规新闻报道严格。

When you come across a piece of gossip, a juicy rumor, or an unflattering photo that clearly is aimed at hurting the subject, don't share it, don't comment, and don't engage. You might be able to help someone who doesn't know how to combat the problem by simply reporting it for them.

当你遇到流言蜚语、爆料，或者明显在伤害当事人的不光彩照片时，请不要分享，不要评论，也不要参与。只要帮他们举报，也许就可以帮助那些不知道如何应对这个问题的人。

除了表示「多汁的」，也可以表示“（信息）生动有趣的，富于刺激性的”，英文解释为“used to describe information that is especially interesting because it is shocking or personal”举个🌰：

I've got some really juicy gossip for you. 我有些有趣的小道消息要告诉你。

还可以表示“大的；重要的；高质量的”，英文解释为“big, important, or of a high quality”举个🌰：

If sales continue like this, we should be showing a nice juicy profit at the end of the year. 如果销售量这样保持下去，年底我们的利润会很丰厚。

unflattering /ʌnˈflæt.ər.ɪŋ/ 表示“不恭维的；贬损的；有损形象的”，英文解释为“making someone look less attractive or seem worse than usual”如：an unflattering photo/dress/colour 难看的照片/衣服/颜色。

If you're the subject of a rumor, gossip, or bullying, it's important to remember that not every bit of teasing is bullying. But when it escalates to that point, don't respond. Cut them off -- block the calls and texts, and block them on social media.

如果你是被造谣、流言蜚语或受欺凌的对象，重要的是要记住，并不是所有的开玩笑都是霸凌。但是，当升级到这一地步时，不要回应。离它们远一点——屏蔽电话和短信，并在社交媒体上屏蔽它们。

Get in touch with your Internet service provider if the abuse is coming through a website or your smartphone. Chances are the bully is violating their terms of service. If so, the offensive posts will disappear. You can also contact the police. There are laws against harassment, stalking, and threatening behavior.

如果霸凌行为是通过网站或智能手机传播的，请与互联网服务提供商联系。该行为很可能违反了他们的服务条款。如果是这样，冒犯性帖子将会消失。你也可以联系警察。法律禁止骚扰、跟踪和威胁行为。

harassment /ˈhəræsmənt, ˈhærəs-/ 表示“骚扰；烦恼”，英文解释为“Harassment is behaviour which is intended to trouble or annoy someone, for example repeated attacks on them or attempts to cause them problems.”举个🌰：

Another survey found that 51 percent of women had experienced some form of sexual harassment in their working lives. 另一份调查显示有51%的女性在其职业生涯中曾遭遇过某种形式的性骚扰。

表示“（非法）跟踪，盯梢”，英文解释为“to illegally follow and watch sb over a long period of time, in a way that is annoying or frightening”举个🌰：

She claimed that he had been stalking her over a period of three years. 她声称，三年来他一直在跟踪她。

Don't engage with them. Don't forward the messages to friends. Most of all, don't believe whatever is being said about you.

不要和他们接触。不要把信息转发给朋友。最重要的是，别相信别人对你的任何评价。

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