​意大利撤销ChatGPT禁令

4月初，意大利有关部门宣布，即日起禁止使用聊天机器人ChatGPT，并对其展开调查。近日，在ChatGPT作出数据隐私方面的让步后，意大利隐私监管机构撤销了对ChatGPT的临时禁令。

🤔️小作业：

1. According to the article, what was the reason for the ban on ChatGPT in Italy?

a) OpenAI did not provide enough information about how it processes information.

b) ChatGPT's language models were too difficult for children to understand.

c) OpenAI had no legal basis for using Italian residents' data.

d) ChatGPT's sign-up page did not require users to specify their birth dates.

2. What is the ad hoc task force of European Union privacy regulators investigating?

a) OpenAI's compliance with Italian privacy regulations.

b) The use of generative AI tools in Europe.

c) The potential risks of AI models.

d) How to encourage the development of AI technology in Europe.

a) They have already fulfilled all of Italy's demands.

b) They are no longer under investigation by European Union privacy regulators.

c) They need to take more action to address Italy's concerns.

d) They believe they are fully compliant with Italian privacy regulations.

无注释原文：

ChatGPT Ban Lifted in Italy After Data-Privacy Concessions

From: The Wall Street Journal

Italy’s privacy regulator rescinded its temporary ban on ChatGPT after the chatbot’s developer, OpenAI, implemented changes demanded by the regulator, the latest twist in the complex regulatory response to new artificial-intelligence technology.

Italy’s ban was one of the first nationwide measures restricting the use of ChatGPT since it exploded globally in popularity in recent months. The Italian Data Protection Authority ordered the ban late last month, saying that OpenAI had “no legal basis” for using the data it had amassed about Italian residents to train its algorithms and that it was too easy for children to access.

The privacy regulator said late Friday that OpenAI had implemented most of its demands, including giving more information about how it processes information, and creating an online form for people to opt out of their information being used to train the language models that power ChatGPT. The U.S. company also updated its sign-up page in Italy to require users to specify their birth dates, a step aimed at blocking users under 13 from using ChatGPT and requesting parental approval for users under 18, the regulator said.

The regulator said it “acknowledges the steps forward made by OpenAI to reconcile technological advancements with respect for the rights of individuals.” 

“We look forward to ongoing constructive discussions” with Italy’s privacy regulator, a spokeswoman for OpenAI said.

The Italy showdown came as policymakers globally have been looking at how to regulate generative AI tools such as ChatGPT, which are trained to create their own content—such as rap lyrics, computer code or photorealistic images—by ingesting billions of existing texts, images, videos or music clips.

European parliament legislators agreed on Thursday to amend a sweeping new AI bill with new provisions to regulate generative AI tools, requiring them to summarize all their copyrighted sources, The Wall Street Journal reported. U.S. officials, meanwhile, are examining possible curbs on potentially risky AI models, and China’s top internet regulator earlier this month proposed rules for tools like ChatGPT.

OpenAI isn’t off the hook for privacy investigations in Europe. Italy’s regulator said that it would continue its preliminary investigation into OpenAI as part of an ad hoc task force of European Union privacy regulators assembled earlier this month. 

The Italian regulator also said it expects OpenAI to follow through on some remaining demands, including that OpenAI mount publicity campaign in Italy describing how it works and their right to opt out.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本部分华尔街日报官方译文，部分机器翻译，仅供参考

含注释全文：

意大利在ChatGPT作出数据隐私让步后撤销禁令

ChatGPT Ban Lifted in Italy After Data-Privacy Concessions

From: The Wall Street Journal

Italy’s privacy regulator rescinded its temporary ban on ChatGPT after the chatbot’s developer, OpenAI, implemented changes demanded by the regulator, the latest twist in the complex regulatory response to new artificial-intelligence technology.

在ChatGPT的开发者OpenAI实施了监管机构要求的改变后，意大利隐私监管机构撤销了对ChatGPT的临时禁令，这是针对新型人工智能技术的复杂监管应对中的最新转折。

rescind /rɪˈsɪnd/ 表示“废除；取消；撤销”，英文解释为“to officially end a law, or change a decision or agreement”举个🌰：He does not have the authority to rescind the ruling. 他无权撤销这项裁决。

「政府工作报告例句」

2018年报告Part 5：取消长期实行的药品加成政策，rescinded the policy, long in effect, of allowing hospitals to profit from higher priced medicine,

2018年报告Part 7：修改废止一大批部门规章。and revised or rescinded a large number of government department regulations.

2018年报告Part 16：全面取消二手车限迁政策。and rescind all local policies that restrict sales of non-local second-hand vehicles.

🎬电影《邻居大战》（Neighbors）中的台词提到：I'm sorry. I rescind the complaint. 很抱歉，我撤销投诉。

表示“（故事或情况的）转折，转变，突然变化”，英文解释为“an unexpected change or development in a story or situation”，举个🌰：The story has taken another twist. 故事情节再一次变化。

Italy’s ban was one of the first nationwide measures restricting the use of ChatGPT since it exploded globally in popularity in recent months. The Italian Data Protection Authority ordered the ban late last month, saying that OpenAI had “no legal basis” for using the data it had amassed about Italian residents to train its algorithms and that it was too easy for children to access.

自近几个月ChatGPT风靡全球以来，意大利的禁令是首批限制使用ChatGPT的全国性措施之一。意大利数据保护局（Data Protection Authority）上月底下令实施禁令，称OpenAI利用其收集的意大利居民数据来训练算法的做法没有法律依据，而且儿童太容易访问该应用。

通常表示“爆炸”，可以引申为表示“急剧扩大；激增，突增”，英文解释为“to increase very quickly”举个🌰：The population has exploded in the last ten years. 在过去10年中，人口激增。

表示“（尤指大量）积累，积聚；集聚，积累，大量收集（尤指钱或信息）”，英文解释为“to collect sth, especially in large quantities”举个🌰：He amassed a fortune from delivering newspapers. 他靠送报纸积累了一笔财富。

近义词：

📍accumulate：to gradually get more and more of sth over a period of time 积累；积聚；

📍rack up表示“大量获得（利润）；严重遭受（损失）；（体育中）多次赢得（比赛）”（If a business racks up profits, losses, or sales, it makes a lot of them. If a sportsman, sportswoman, or team racks up wins, they win a lot of games or races.）

algorithm /ˈælɡəˌrɪðəm/ 表示“算法；计算程序”，英文解释为“a set of rules that must be followed when solving a particular problem”。

The privacy regulator said late Friday that OpenAI had implemented most of its demands, including giving more information about how it processes information, and creating an online form for people to optout of their information being used to train the language models that power ChatGPT. The U.S. company also updated its sign-up page in Italy to require users to specify their birth dates, a step aimed at blocking users under 13 from using ChatGPT and requesting parental approval for users under 18, the regulator said.

该隐私监管机构周五晚些时候表示，OpenAI已经实施了该机构的大部分要求，包括提供更多关于它如何处理信息的信息，并创建一个在线表格，让人们选择不使用他们的信息来训练支持ChatGPT的语言模型。该监管机构表示，这家美国公司还更新了其在意大利的注册页面，要求用户指定提供出生日期，此举旨在阻止13岁以下的用户使用ChatGPT，并要求18岁以下的用户获得父母的允许才能使用。

implement表示“执行；贯彻；实施”英文解释为“to take action or make changes that you have officially decided should happen”，举个🌰：A nine year compulsory education is implemented in China. 中国实行九年制义务教育。

opt /ɒpt/ out 表示“选择不参与；选择退出”，英文解释为“to choose not to be part of an activity or to stop being involved in it”举个🌰：Within any society, there will usually be people who decide to opt out (= choose not to live the way most people do). 通常，任何社会里都会有人决定不按常规方式生活。

sign /saɪn/ 表示“注册；报名参加（某项有组织的活动）”，英文解释为“to agree to become involved in an organized activity”举个🌰：I've signed up to make the sandwiches for the party. 我已报名为聚会做三明治。

表示“具体说明；明确指出”，英文解释为“to explain or describe something clearly and exactly”举个🌰：He said we should meet but didn't specify a time. 他说我们应该见见面，但没说具体时间。

block /blɒk/ 表示“堵塞；阻挡；阻碍”，英文解释为“to prevent movement through something”举个🌰：A fallen tree is blocking the road. 一棵倒下的树挡住了路。

📍在社交媒体上「屏蔽」某人，不看某人的动态，用的就是block。

The regulator said it “acknowledges the steps forward made by OpenAI to reconcile technological advancements with respect for the rights of individuals.”

该监管机构表示，承认OpenAI在协调技术进步与尊重个人权利方面取得的进展。

reconcile /ˈrek.ən.saɪl/ 表示“调和；调解；使一致”，英文解释为“to find a way in which two situations or beliefs that are opposed to each other can agree and exist together”举个🌰：It is sometimes difficult to reconcile science and religion. 有时很难调和宗教和科学之间的矛盾。

“We look forward to ongoing constructive discussions” with Italy’s privacy regulator, a spokeswoman for OpenAI said.

OpenAI发言人表示，期待与意大利隐私监管机构进行建设性的讨论。

constructive /kənˈstrʌk.tɪv/ 表示“建设性的；有益的；有用的；积极的”，英文解释为“If advice, criticism, or actions are constructive, they are useful and intended to help or improve something.”举个🌰：She criticized my writing, but in a way that was very constructive. 她批评了我的作品，但是以一种非常建设性的方式——我受益匪浅。

The Italy showdown came as policymakers globally have been looking at how to regulate generative AI tools such as ChatGPT, which are trained to create their own content—such as rap lyrics, computer code or photorealistic images—by ingesting billions of existing texts, images, videos or music clips.

在全球范围内，政策制定者一直在研究如何监管像ChatGPT这样的生成式人工智能工具，这些工具经过训练，可以从数十亿现有的文本、图像、视频或音乐片段中学习来生成自己的内容，例如说唱歌词、计算机代码或逼真的图像。

表示“决定胜负的大辩论；摊牌”，英文解释为“an important argument that is intended to end a disagreement that has existed for a long time”。

generative /ˈdʒen.ər.ə.tɪv/ 表示“有生产能力的；能生成的”，英文解释为“able to produce or create something”如：the generative power of the mind 大脑的生成能力。

lyric /ˈlɪrɪk/ 通常复数，表示“歌词”，英文解释为“the words of a song, especially a pop song”。

ingest表示“摄入；食入；咽下”，英文解释为“to take food, drugs, etc. into your body, usually by swallowing”，举个🌰：The chemicals can be poisonous if ingested. 这些化学制品如果摄入体内可能会引起中毒。

区分：

📍inject表示“（给…）注射（药物等）”，英文解释为“to put a drug or other substance into a person's or an animal's body using a syringe”举个🌰 Adrenalin was injected into the muscle. 往肌肉里注射了肾上腺素。

📍digest表示“消化”，英文解释为“when you digest food, or it digests , it is changed into substances that your body can use”举个🌰 Humans cannot digest plants such as grass. 人不能消化草类植物。

European parliament legislators agreed on Thursday to amend a sweeping new AI bill with new provisions to regulate generative AI tools, requiring them to summarize all their copyrighted sources, The Wall Street Journal reported. U.S. officials, meanwhile, are examining possible curbs on potentially risky AI models, and China’s top internet regulator earlier this month proposed rules for tools like ChatGPT.

据《华尔街日报》（The Wall Street Journal）报道，欧洲议会议员周四同意修改一项全面的新人工智能法案，加入监管生成式人工智能工具的新条款，要求它们总结所有受版权保护的来源。与此同时，美国官员正在研究对潜在风险人工智能模型的可能限制，中国最高互联网监管机构本月早些时候提出了对ChatGPT等工具的规定。

parliament /ˈpɑː.lɪ.mənt/ 表示“议会”，英文解释为“in some countries, the group of (usually) elected politicians or other people who make the laws for their country”

legislator /ˈledʒ.ɪ.sleɪ.tər/ 表示“立法者”，英文解释为“a member of a group of people who together have the power to make laws”

表示“修订，修正，修改（法律文件等）”，英文解释为“to change the words of a text, especially a law or a legal document”举个🌰：In line 2, "men" should be amended (= changed) to "people". 第2行中的 men 应改为 people。

作形容词，1）表示“影响广泛的；大范围的；根本性的；意义深远的”，英文解释为“having an important effect on a large part of sth”如：sweeping changes 彻底变化，举个🌰：They were given sweeping powers to search homes. 他们授予入户搜查的极大权力。

🎬电影《沉默》（Silence）中的台词提到：He wrote those words during the most sweeping persecution of all. 他写下这些话时 正经历着最为残酷的迫害。

2）sweeping statement/generalization 表示“泛泛之谈；一概而论的说法；过于笼统的概括”，英文解释为“something that you say or write that is too general and that has not been carefully thought about”举个🌰：Sweeping generalizations about this complex and difficult situation are not helpful. 对这种复杂困难的情形作泛泛之谈是没有用的。

📍sweep作动词，可以表示“风行，风靡，迅速蔓延，迅速传播；席卷；横扫”，英文解释为“to quickly spread through and influence an area”举个🌰：A flu epidemic is sweeping through Moscow. 一场流感正在莫斯科迅速传播。

📺电视剧《王冠》（The Crown）中的台词提到：Independence is sweeping across the continent. 席卷这片大陆。

📺动画片《辛普森一家》（The Simpsons）中的台词提到：A plague is sweeping through Springfield. 一场瘟疫正席卷斯普林菲尔德。

1）表示“提供；供给；准备”，英文解释为“the act of providing something”举个🌰：The provision of good public transport will be essential for developing the area. 提供良好的公共交通对该地区的发展极为重要。

2）表示“（法律文件的）规定，条款”，英文解释为“a condition or an arrangement in a legal document”举个🌰：Under the provisions of the lease, the tenant is responsible for repairs. 按契约规定，房客负责房屋维修。

summarize /ˈsʌm.ər.aɪz/ 表示“总结，概述，概括”，英文解释为“to express the most important facts or ideas about something or someone in a short and clear form”举个🌰：I'll just summarize the main points of the argument in a few words. 我会用几句话把争论的要点概括一下。

表示“有版权的”，英文解释为“Copyrighted material is protected by a copyright.”举个🌰：They used copyrighted music without permission. 他们未经许可使用了有版权的音乐。

可以作动词，也可以作名词，表示“控制，抑制，限定，约束（不好的事物）”，英文解释为“to control or limit sth, especially sth bad”举个🌰：A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation. 为了抑制通货膨胀实施了一系列的政策。（名词）He called for much stricter curbs on immigration. 他呼吁对移民实行更为严格的限制。

OpenAI isn’t off the hook for privacy investigations in Europe. Italy’s regulator said that it would continue its preliminary investigation into OpenAI as part of an ad hoc task force of European Union privacy regulators assembled earlier this month.

OpenAI并没有摆脱欧洲隐私调查的困境。意大利监管机构表示，作为欧盟隐私监管机构本月早些时候组建的特设工作组的一员，它将继续对OpenAI进行初步调查。

表示“脱离困境，脱身”，英文解释为“If you are off the hook, you have escaped from a difficult situation.”举个🌰：John's agreed to go to the meeting in my place so that gets/lets me off the hook. 约翰答应代替我去开会，这样我就能脱身了。

preliminary表示“预备性的；初步的；开始的”，英文解释为“happening before a more important action or event”如：preliminary results/findings/enquiries 初步结果/发现/调查，举个🌰：After a few preliminary remarks he announced the winners. 说了几句开场白之后，他即宣布优胜者名单。

ad hoc /ˌæd ˈhɒk/ 表示“特别的；专门的；临时安排的”，英文解释为“made or happening only for a particular purpose or need, not planned before it happens”如：an ad hoc committee/meeting 特别委员会/会议。

assemble /əˈsembl/ 1）表示“集合，聚集；收集”，英文解释为“to come together in a single place or bring parts together in a single group”举个🌰：We assembled in the meeting room after lunch. 午饭后我们在会议室集合。

2）表示“组装；装配”，英文解释为“to make something by joining separate parts”如：furniture that is easy to assemble 易于组装的家具。

The Italian regulator also said it expects OpenAI to follow through on some remaining demands, including that OpenAI mount publicity campaign in Italy describing how it works and their right to opt out.

意大利监管机构还表示，它希望OpenAI履行部分剩余要求，包括在意大利展开宣传活动，介绍其工作原理及人们自行选择退出的权利。

1）表示“准备；安排；组织；开展，发动”，英文解释为“If you mount a campaign or event, you organize it and make it take place.”举个🌰：The National Gallery mounted an exhibition of American painting. 国家美术馆举办了美国画展。

📍比如，BBC在「重庆公交车坠江」一文中提到的，开展大规模救援行动，A huge rescue operation was mounted.

📍纽约时报在「全美最严苛反堕胎法案诞生」一文中也有用到了mount的这个含义：In the coming days, we will be mounting the fight of our lives — we will take this to court and ensure abortion remains safe and legal. 在未来的日子里，我们将发动我们生命中的斗争--我们将诉诸法庭，确保堕胎仍然安全和合法。

2）表示“逐步增加；增长，上升”，就是increase的高级版，举个🌰：The death toll continues to mount. 死亡人数持续增加。

📍2019年9月，美国电子烟巨头Juul的CEO辞职时，经济学人的文章中用到了As concerns mount这一表达：Juul replaced its chief executive, as concerns mount about the health risks of e-cigarettes.

3）表示“安放，安装；镶嵌；裱贴”，英文解释为“to fix something to a wall, in a frame, etc., so that it can be looked at or used”举个🌰：The surveillance camera is mounted above the main door. 闭路电视的摄像机安装在大门的上方。

4）熟词僻义，作动词，表示“骑上（马、自行车等）”，英文解释为“to get on a horse, bicycle, etc.. in order to ride”举个🌰：She mounted her horse and rode off. 她骑上马走了。

5）作名词，则可以直接表示“马”，英文解释为“a horse”如：an excellent mount for a child 供孩子骑的好马。

表示“宣传活动；宣传，推广；关注”，英文解释为“the activity of making certain that someone or something attracts a lot of interest or attention from many people, or the attention received as a result of this activity”举个🌰：He attracted a lot of adverse/bad publicity with his speech. 他的演讲招致了公众的不少抨击。

- 词汇盘点 -

- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -