应不应该冒着生命危险去救人？

🤔️小作业：

1. What is the main topic of the article?

A. The legal responsibilities of individuals to rescue those in danger.

B. The ethical implications of failing to help someone in need.

C. The case of Jamel Dunn and the lack of legal consequences for the teens who witnessed his drowning.

D. The cultural differences that affect people's willingness to provide assistance.

2. According to the article, why did the teenagers who witnessed Jamel Dunn's drowning not face legal consequences?

A. There is no law that covers this kind of incident.

B. They were protected by the "good Samaritan" law.

C. Alligator safety concerns prevented them from calling 911.

D. They expressed remorse for their actions and received leniency as a result.

A. It highlights the importance of legal responsibility for failure to render assistance.

B. It demonstrates the dangers of not intervening in emergency situations.

C. It shows the limitations of "good Samaritan" laws.

D. It is not relevant to the topic of the article.

无注释原文：

Do you have to rescue someone in danger?

From: BBC

21 July 2017

It is a harrowing video to watch: a man, crying out for help as he struggles to swim in the middle of a Florida pond.

Off camera, the voices of five teens, mocking him.

"They drowning, what the heck," one laughs.

"Ain't nobody fixing to help you," another is heard to say.

And, after his head disappeared under the water for the final time: "Oh, he just died."

Crime?

The body of Jamel Dunn - a 32-year-old disabled father-of-two - was found in the water three days later, on 12 July.

Up until that point, no one knew where he had gone. No one had called 911 to report a man in trouble. No one even knew anyone had witnessed the drowning until the video emerged on social media, and Dunn's family members saw it.

Its contents have shocked the community in the city of Cocoa, on Florida's east coast. But the teens, aged between 14 and 16, will face no charges, prosecutors have said: there is nothing on the statute books which deal with an incident like this, they say.

The vast majority of states in America do not put a "duty to rescue" on their citizens, but 10 do.

But even these do not cover all instances. Florida is one of the few states to have such a law, but it only covers reporting a sexual battery if witnessed or suspected, according to The Volokh Conspiracy, a blog written mainly by law professors.

In fact, only a few countries in the world have a law which means people have to help or risk prison time, including Germany, where four people are currently being prosecuted for "unterlassene Hilfeleistung" (failure to provide assistance).

According to local reports in Germany, last October an 82-year-old man collapsed in a bank in Essen, but was then ignored by other customers, ranging in age from 39 to 62, for the next 20 minutes.

A fifth customer eventually called an ambulance, but it was too late, and the man died a few days later in hospital.

Paparazzi

Perhaps the most high-profile instance of a law like this involved the death of Princess Diana.

Seven photographers were accused of failing to render assistance by French investigators following the 1997 Paris crash which killed the princess, her boyfriend Dodi Al-Fayed and driver Henri Paul.

The men had taken photographs rather than helping the dying occupants of the car, it was alleged.

But after two years of investigation, all charges were dropped against them.

Fear

But why would you have such rules?

Sometimes, however, people are more worried about being landed with a bill - or getting into legal trouble.

~

But many social media users understood the decision, according to the New York Times.

"If I helped her to get up and sent her to the hospital, doctors would ask you to pay the medical bill," one wrote. "Her relatives would come and beat you up indiscriminately."

Protection

The teenagers in the Florida case, however, would not have ended up in trouble. Every state in the US has a "good Samaritan law", which largely protects those who try to help in an emergency situation from being sued.

But whether or not this factored into their thinking is unknown. The teens were heard to mention alligators - but that would not have prevented them calling 911.

As for the moral argument, Yvonne Martinez, the Cocoa Police Department spokeswoman, told Florida Today at least one of the boys did not seem worried by the implications of what they had done.

"There was no remorse, only a smirk," she said.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Do you have to rescue someone in danger?

From: BBC

21 July 2017

It is a harrowing video to watch: a man, crying out for help as he struggles to swim in the middle of a Florida pond.

这是一段令人痛心的视频：佛罗里达州一名男子在池塘中挣扎着，大声呼救。

harrowing /ˈher.oʊ.ɪŋ/ 表示“折磨人的；令人肠断的；使人十分难过的；恐怖的”，英文解释为“A harrowing experience is extremely upsetting or disturbing.”举个🌰：You've had a harrowing time this past month. 在这过去的一个月里，你已经历了一段痛苦的日子。

Off camera, the voices of five teens, mocking him.

镜头外，五名青少年嘲笑着他。

作形容词，表示“假的；仿制的；假装的”，英文解释为“not real but appearing or pretending to be exactly like something”如：mock cream 人造奶油，mock leather 人造革，mock surprise 假装出来的惊讶。

作动词，表示“嘲笑；（为了取笑）模仿”，英文解释为“If someone mocks you, they show or pretend that they think you are foolish or inferior, for example by saying something funny about you, or by imitating your behaviour.”举个🌰：I thought you were mocking me. 我以为你在嘲笑我。

🎬电影《消失的爱人》（Gone Girl）中的台词提到：If you need to mock somebody, mock me. 如果你们要嘲弄什么人，嘲弄我。

类似的一个词：

📍imitate 表示“模仿，仿效”，英文解释为“to behave in a similar way to someone or something else, or to copy the speech or behaviour, etc. of someone or something”。

mock作名词，熟词僻义，表示“模拟考试”，英文解释为“an exam taken at school for practice before a real exam”

"They drowning, what the heck," one laughs.

“Ta溺水了，搞什么呀，”一个人笑着说。

drown /draʊn/ 表示“（使）淹死，（使）溺死”，英文解释为“to (cause to) die by being unable to breathe underwater”举个🌰：He drowned in a boating accident. 他在一次划船事故中溺水身亡。

补充：

📍drown sth out 表示“（声音/噪音）压过；盖没；淹没”，英文解释为“to be louder than other sounds so that you cannot hear them”举个🌰：She turned up the radio to drown out the noise from next door. 她开大了收音机的音量以压过隔壁房间的吵闹声。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述美国股市投机者的文章中提到：As noisy as Mr Portnoy and his ilk are, they have been almost drowned out by the tut-tutting of jowly investors. 虽然波特诺伊这类人话挺多，但他们的声音几乎被那些脸颊松垮的投资者不耐烦的啧啧声淹没了。

"Ain't nobody fixing to help you," another is heard to say.

“没人会帮你的，”另一个人说。

And, after his head disappeared under the water for the final time: "Oh, he just died."

当他的头最后沉入水中时，“哦，他死了。”

Crime? 犯罪吗?

The body of Jamel Dunn - a 32-year-old disabled father-of-two - was found in the water three days later, on 12 July.

3天后，也就是7月12日，32岁的贾梅尔·邓恩（Jamel Dunn）的尸体在水中被发现，他是两个孩子的残疾父亲。

Up until that point, no one knew where he had gone. No one had called 911 to report a man in trouble. No one even knew anyone had witnessed the drowning until the video emerged on social media, and Dunn's family members saw it.

在此之前，没有人知道他去了哪里。没有人打911报警称有人遇险。甚至没有人知道有人目睹了这起溺水事件，直到该视频在社交媒体上出现，邓恩的家人才知道有人目睹了这一过程。

表示“显露（事实、结果）”，英文解释为“If a fact or result emerges from a period of thought, discussion, or investigation, it becomes known as a result of it. ”举个🌰：No new evidence emerged during the investigation. 调查过程中未发现新证据。

Its contents have shocked the community in the city of Cocoa, on Florida's east coast. But the teens, aged between 14 and 16, will face no charges, prosecutors have said: there is nothing on the statute books which deal with an incident like this, they say.

佛罗里达州东海岸可可市当地社会对这起事件感到震惊。但检察官表示，法规中没有任何条款涉及这样的事件，这些年龄在14岁到16岁之间的青少年不会面临任何指控。

1）表示“公诉人；检察官”，英文解释为“a public official who charges sb officially with a crime and prosecutes them in court”，如：the public/state prosecutor 公诉人；州检察官。

2）表示“原告律师；控方律师”，英文解释为“a lawyer who leads the case against a defendant in court”。

statute book 表示“法典；法令全书；法规汇编”，英文解释为“When a law is on or reaches the statute book, it has been formally approved and written down and can be used in a law court.”

📍statute /ˈstætʃ.uːt/ 表示“成文法；法令，法规”，英文解释为“a law that has been formally approved and written down”

区分：

📍statue /ˈstætʃ.uː/ 表示“（尤指石头或金属的）雕像，雕塑，塑像”，英文解释为“an object made from a hard material, especially stone or metal, to look like a person or animal”如：a statue of a boy 一尊男孩儿雕像。

The vast majority of states in America do not put a "duty to rescue" on their citizens, but 10 do.

美国绝大多数州都没有规定公民有“救援职责”，但10个州有此规定。

But even these do not cover all instances. Florida is one of the few states to have such a law, but it only covers reporting a sexual battery if witnessed or suspected, according to The Volokh Conspiracy, a blog written mainly by law professors.

但即使如此，也无法涵盖所有情况。佛罗里达州是为数不多的有此法律的州之一，但据主要由法学教授撰写的博客The Volokh Conspiracy，它只涵盖了目击或怀疑性侵的情况。

熟词僻义，除了表示“电池”，此处在法律上表示“殴打罪；暴力行为，殴打”，英文解释为“the crime of attacking sb physically”，如：be charged with battery 被指控犯了殴打罪。

📍assault and battery表示“殴打和侵犯人身（罪）；袭击和暴力伤害（罪）”，英文解释为“the crime of threatening to harm sb and then attacking them physically”;

据ChatGPT，「battery」在法律术语中通常指的是一种犯罪行为，即非法攻击他人并造成身体伤害或身体伤害的威胁。在某些司法管辖区域， "battery"也可以包括未经许可对他人进行触碰或其他身体接触的行为，即使这种行为并没有造成实际的身体伤害。

conspiracy /kənˈspɪr.ə.si/ 表示“合谋；密谋策划；阴谋”，英文解释为“Conspiracy is secret planning by a group of people to do something illegal.”举个🌰：Seven men, all from France, admitted conspiracy to commit arson. 全都来自于法国的七名男子承认了合谋纵火。

📍conspiracy theories 阴谋论。

In fact, only a few countries in the world have a law which means people have to help or risk prison time, including Germany, where four people are currently being prosecuted for "unterlassene Hilfeleistung" (failure to provide assistance).

事实上，世界上只有少数几个国家有这样的法律，这意味着人们必须提供帮助，否则就有坐牢的风险，其中包括德国，目前有四人因“unterlassene Hilfeleistung”（未能提供援助）而受到起诉。

表示“（刑事）起诉”，英文解释为“to charge someone with a crime and try to show that they are guilty of it in a court of law”举个🌰：Shoplifters will be prosecuted. 在商店行窃者将被起诉。

According to local reports in Germany, last October an 82-year-old man collapsed in a bank in Essen, but was then ignored by other customers, ranging in age from 39 to 62, for the next 20 minutes.

据德国当地媒体报道，2016年10月，一名82岁的老人在埃森（Essen）一家银行晕倒，但在接下来的20分钟里，其他年龄从39岁到62岁不等的客户均无动于衷。

collapse /kəˈlæps/ 作名词，表示“（系统、组织、企业等的）崩溃，瓦解，失败”，英文解释为“the sudden failure of a system, organization, business, etc.”举个🌰：I don't know what caused the collapse of her marriage. 我不知道她婚姻失败的原因是什么。

作动词，1）表示“崩溃，垮掉，失败”，英文解释为“to suddenly be unable to continue or work correctly”举个🌰：Talks between management and unions have collapsed. 劳资谈判彻底破裂。

2）表示“（因疾病或虚弱而）倒下，昏倒”，英文解释为“If someone collapses, they fall down because of being sick or weak.”举个🌰：He collapsed and died of a heart attack. 他心脏病发作，倒地而亡。

A fifth customer eventually called an ambulance, but it was too late, and the man died a few days later in hospital.

最终，第五名客户打电话叫了救护车，但为时已晚，那名男子几天后在医院死亡。

Paparazzi 狗仔队

Perhaps the most high-profile instance of a law like this involved the death of Princess Diana.

也许最具代表性的类似法律案例是戴安娜王妃之死。

单数 paparazzo /ˌpæpəˈrætsəʊ/，通常用复数 paparazzi /ˌpæpəˈrætsɪ/ 表示“追逐名人的摄影记者，狗仔队”，英文解释为“photographers who follow famous people in order to take photographs they can sell to newspapers”。

profile一词经常出现，1）表示“（有关某人的）简介，概况”，英文解释为“A profile of someone is a short article or programme in which their life and character are described.”举个🌰：A newspaper published comparative profiles of the candidates' wives. 一份报纸刊登了候选人妻子们的对比简介。

2）表示“关注度”，英文解释为“If someone has a high profile, people notice them and what they do. If you keep a low profile, you avoid doing things that will make people notice you.”常用：a high profile 惹人注目/关注；高姿态，a low profile 不惹人注目，低姿态；如：a move that would give Egypt a much higher profile in the upcoming peace talks 会给埃及在即将到来的和平谈判中高关注度的一个行动。

📍如果你把微信语言设置成英文，你就会发现微信官方把头像处理成：Profile Photo，上面的“My Profile”对应的中文则是“个人信息”。

princess /prɪnˈses/ 表示“（孙）公主；王妃；亲王夫人”，英文解释为“an important female member of a royal family, especially a daughter or granddaughter of a king and queen, or the wife of a prince”

Seven photographers were accused of failing to render assistance by French investigators following the 1997 Paris crash which killed the princess, her boyfriend Dodi Al-Fayed and driver Henri Paul.

1997年巴黎车祸发生后，七名摄影师被法国调查人员指控未能提供帮助，该车祸导致戴安娜王妃、她的男友多迪·法耶兹（Dodi Al-Fayed）和司机亨利·保罗（Henri Paul）丧生。

1）此前，在「经济学人」翻译的出路在哪里？这篇文章中出现过，render表示“翻译，把...译成...”，通常用法为render sth into English/Russian/Chinese etc，将sth译成英语/俄语/汉语等，举个🌰：She is rendering the book into English from French. 她正在把这本书从法语译成英语。

2）表示“（以某种方式）表达；表现”，英文解释为“to express or present something in a particular way”，如：a sculpture rendered in bronze 一尊青铜雕像；

3）表示“使成为；使变得；使处于某种状态”，英文解释为to cause someone or something to be in a particular state，举个🌰：His rudeness rendered me speechless. 他的粗暴无礼让我无言以对。

4）还可以指“给予，提供”，英文解释为to give something to someone or do something, because it is your duty or because someone expects you to，如：an obligation to render assistance to those in need 为有困难的人提供援助的义务，举个🌰：We see that freight railroads make good profits while rendering excellent service. 我们看到铁路货运公司在提供优质服务的同时也赢得了丰厚的利润。

5）还还还可以表示“粉刷；给（墙壁）抹灰（或水泥）”，英文解释为to put a first layer of plaster or cement on a wall.

The men had taken photographs rather than helping the dying occupants of the car, it was alleged.

据称，这些人只顾拍照，而没有帮助车内垂死的人。

occupant /ˈɒk.jə.pənt/ 表示“占有人；占用者”，英文解释为“a person who is in a car, room, seat, place, or position”或者表示“居住者”，英文解释为“a person who lives or works in a room or building”举个🌰：One of the occupants of the car was slightly injured. 有一位乘车者受了轻伤。

But after two years of investigation, all charges were dropped against them.

但经过两年的调查，所有指控都被撤销了。

Fear 恐惧

But why would you have such rules?

那么为什么会有这样的规定呢？

Sometimes, however, people are more worried about being landed with a bill - or getting into legal trouble.

然而，有时人们更担心会被索要医疗费用或陷入法律纠纷中。

land /lænd/ 表示“给（某人）惹下（麻烦），给（某人）出（难题）”，英文解释为“If someone or something lands you with something, he, she, or it causes problems for you.”举个🌰：I hope you don't mind me landing you with the kids at such short notice. 希望你不会介意我这么急着把孩子们交给你来照顾。

But many social media users understood the decision, according to the New York Times.

但据《纽约时报》报道，许多社交媒体用户理解这一决定。

"If I helped her to get up and sent her to the hospital, doctors would ask you to pay the medical bill," one wrote. "Her relatives would come and beat you up indiscriminately."

“如果我扶她起来送她去医院，医生会让你付医药费，”一个人写道。“她的亲戚会来不分青红皂白地讹你。”

表示“不加选择地；任意地”，英文解释为“in a way that does not show careful choice or planning, usually with harmful results”。

Protection 保护

The teenagers in the Florida case, however, would not have ended up in trouble. Every state in the US has a "good Samaritan law", which largely protects those who try to help in an emergency situation from being sued.

然而，佛罗里达州案件中的青少年不会陷入困境。美国每个州都有一部“好撒玛利亚人法”（good Samaritan law），该法在很大程度上保护那些试图在紧急情况下试图帮助别人的人免受起诉。

But whether or not this factored into their thinking is unknown. The teens were heard to mention alligators - but that would not have prevented them calling 911.

但这是否影响了他们的想法尚不清楚。有人听到这些青少年提到了鳄鱼——但这并不能阻止他们拨打911报警。

alligator /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tər/ 表示“短吻鳄”，英文解释为“a large reptile with a hard skin that lives in and near rivers and lakes in the hot, wet parts of America and China. It has a long nose that is slightly wider and shorter than that of a crocodile.”

As for the moral argument, Yvonne Martinez, the Cocoa Police Department spokeswoman, told Florida Today at least one of the boys did not seem worried by the implications of what they had done.

至于道德上的争论，可可警察局发言人伊冯·马丁内斯（Yvonne Martinez）接受《佛罗里达今日新闻》（Florida Today）采访时表示，其中一个男孩似乎并不担心他们所作所为的后果。

1）表示“可能的影响（或作用、结果）”，英文解释为“a possible effect or result of an action or a decision”举个🌰：The development of the site will have implications for the surrounding countryside. 这个地点的开发将会影响周围的乡村。

2）表示“含意；暗指，暗示”，英文解释为“an occasion when you seem to suggest something without saying it directly”举个🌰：From what she said, the implication was that they were splitting up. 她的话中暗示他们将要分手。

"There was no remorse, only a smirk," she said.

“没有悔意，只有傻笑，”她说。

remorse /rɪˈmɔːs/ 表示“懊悔；悔恨；自责”，英文解释为“a feeling of sadness and being sorry for something you have done”举个🌰：He felt no remorse for the murders he had committed. 他对自己犯下的一桩桩谋杀罪行毫无悔意。

smirk /smɝːk/ 也是既可以作动词，又可以作动词，表示“假笑；傻笑；得意地笑”，英文解释为“to smile in this way”举个🌰：（动词）He smirked his way through the interview. 整个面试过程中他都在得意地笑。（名词）"Maybe your husband does things that you don't know about," he said with a smirk. “你丈夫也许在做些你不知道的事情。”他诡秘地笑着说。

📺美剧《绝望的主妇》（Desperate Housewives）第7季20集中的台词提到：Don't smirk.The key to discipline is consistency. 别得意。教规矩的关键就是持之以恒。

- 今日要点 -

- 词汇盘点 -

- 词汇助记 By ChatGPT -