室温超导又火了

近日，韩国一研究团队宣布发现室温超导材料LK-99，让「室温超导」的概念再次成为圈内外“顶流”。和3月份罗切斯特大学研究人员声称研发出一种在室温和相对较低压力条件下表现出超导性的材料一样，这类堪称诺奖级的成果轰动全球，但也有不少人持怀疑态度。

🤔️小作业：

1. Which of the following statements is NOT an implication derived from the text regarding LK-99?

A. It has been widely accepted in the scientific community.

B. Its name originates from the initials of two scientists and a year.

C. Some initial research attempts supported its superconducting properties.

D. If it were valid, it could bring significant advances in various technologies.

A. They all directly produce the LK-99 superconductor.

B. They were mistakenly believed to be linked with superconductors.

C. They announced new research breakthroughs.

D. They were invested in by the Quantum Research Institute.

A. The fabrication of data in superconductor research.

B. The process of how LK-99 was synthesized.

C. The superconducting attributes of a rare-earth metal combined with other elements.

D. The detailed properties of LK-99's lead-based compound.

无注释原文：

Superconductors’ Viral ‘LK-99’ Moment Takes Investors for a Wild Ride

From: The Wall Street Journal

The hope and hype surrounding superconductors took off this week, as stocks with a perceived connection to the latest research swung wildly and videos by once-obscure scientists went viral.

Late last month, a group of scientists from South Korea and Virginia’s William & Mary, in two academic papers that hadn’t undergone peer review, claimed a breakthrough that opened “a new era for humankind.” It relates to the so-called LK-99 crystal, a superconductor that consists of a lead-based compound seasoned with copper. 

The material, the group claimed, showed the properties of a superconductor that transmits electrical currents without resistance at room temperature and at ambient pressure—a long-running scientific pursuit that, if valid, would usher in generational advances in chips, power grids and computing systems.

The word “superconductors” trended widely online this week. Share prices surged for companies in the U.S., China and South Korea whose operations overlap with superconductors—and even some that lack a direct link—before the gains reversed late in the week. A video uploaded by Chinese researchers, who backed some of LK-99’s traits, attracted nearly 10 million views. 

But many scientists see LK-99’s claims, for now, as more viral than verifiable. The fervor speaks to the immense potential of room-temperature superconductors as well as limited public understanding of the technology and its prospects. A superconductor refers to a material that conducts electricity without energy loss and expels magnetic fields while transitioning to the superconducting state, according to the U.S. Department of Energy. 

The buzz around superconductors has remained elevated since March. That is when Ranga Dias, a physicist at the University of Rochester, published a piece in the prestigious journal Nature, arguing the rare-earth metal lutetium combined with nitrogen and hydrogen was a superconductor at a temperature of 69 degrees Fahrenheit. It also did so at pressures less extreme than what is required for many known superconducting materials. Dias’s claim and his prior work have been heavily scrutinized by his scientific peers, including accusations of fabricated data and plagiarism.

Like all previous reports of such “unidentified superconducting objects,” the South Korea-led group’s findings will be “taken seriously once other groups reproduce them and then weigh in on whether this is a true superconductor or just an unusual kind of diamagnet,” said Michael Norman, a condensed matter physicist with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory.

Several efforts are under way to verify the LK-99 claims, including one led by Argonne. Some initial attempts at verification have shown promise, such as Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s simulations that have supported LK-99 in theory. Others have concluded that the material doesn’t display the appearance of bulk superconductivity at room temperature.

They are reacting to a pair of papers posted last week by scientists, most of whom work for the privately held Quantum Energy Research Center in Seoul. They uploaded their findings to arXiv, a global repository for unpublished science research. One of the scientists also provided a video showing a small sample of the material partially levitated over a magnet in an apparent demonstration of superconductivity.

LK-99 is named after the initials of the surnames of two of the scientists—Lee Suk-bae and Kim Ji-hoon of the Quantum Energy Research Center—and 1999, the year the material was reportedly synthesized by them. 

Some compounds composed of metals including aluminum, zinc, and mercury are known to exhibit superconducting behaviors, though only at extreme pressures and temperatures. That has made them unfeasible or impractical for widespread use. 

The enthusiasm for LK-99 triggered wild stock swings. Given the current concentration of manufacturing expertise in Asian countries like South Korea, Japan and China, it is highly probable that companies from these countries would play a significant role in developing and implementing superconductors when they are ready for more practical applications.

Several little-known South Korean companies with presumed ties to superconductors received investor warnings after share prices skyrocketed. One, Sunam, which makes high-temperature wiring and electromagnets involved in superconductors, hit the daily maximum level of 30% gains for three straight days. Trading of Sunam shares were halted Friday for one day after surges that occurred after the warning. Another company, Mobiis, involved in nuclear fusion and particle-accelerator technologies, rose 19% this week through Thursday, then fell roughly by 28% by Friday’s close. 

Despite having no involvement in superconductors, a third South Korean company, Shinsung Delta Tech, hit maximum gains on Tuesday and Wednesday before selling off. The rise came from Shinsung’s ownership stake in a venture-capital firm that has invested in the Quantum Research Institute.

In the U.S., shares of American Superconductor, which specializes in high-temperature superconducting wires, skyrocketed by roughly 60% on Tuesday, before the gains reversed in the following days. 

Several Chinese companies saw their stock prices soar and fall as the LK-99 video went viral. The investor attention prompted Shanghai-listed Benefo, which rose 34% in recent days, to clarify that it has no related work now to room-temperature superconductivity. In the past, a subsidiary had engaged in some high-temperature superconducting research. Meanwhile, Shenzhen-listed TICW pointed out the same lack of a room-temperature superconducting exposure, though its stock price surged roughly 70% this week. 

Even if LK-99 were found to exhibit superconductivity, engineers would still need to determine how to implement the material into their products, leaving major steps before any commercialization is considered, said Rino Choi, a materials engineering professor at Inha University in South Korea. He said the recent findings appear to be “too primitive.”

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注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为华尔街日报官方译文，仅供参考

含注释全文：

超导LK-99材料引发火爆反响，相关股票现过山车行情

Superconductors’ Viral ‘LK-99’ Moment Takes Investors for a Wild Ride

From: The Wall Street Journal

The hope and hype surrounding superconductors took off this week, as stocks with a perceived connection to the latest research swung wildly and videos by once-obscure scientists went viral.

上周，围绕超导体的希望和炒作甚嚣尘上，被认为与最新研究相关的股票大幅波动，曾经默默无闻的科学家的视频也在网上疯传。

1）作名词，表示“大肆的宣传广告；炒作”，英文解释为“Hype is the use of a lot of publicity and advertising to make people interested in something such as a product.”举个🌰：We are certainly seeing a lot of hype by some companies. 我们的确看到一些公司天花乱坠的广告宣传。

2）作动词，等同于“hype up”，表示“大肆宣传”，英文解释为“To hype a product means to advertise or praise it a lot.”举个🌰：The media seems obsessed with hyping up individuals or groups. 传媒界似乎热衷于对某些个人或团体进行大肆炒作。

📍2020年8月《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述卡车业文章的标题就叫：The trucking industry is in the midst of upheaval—and hype 卡车运输业正在经历剧变，以及炒作。

superconductor /ˈsuː.pə.kənˌdʌk.tər/ 表示“超导体”，英文解释为“a substance, especially a metal, that allows an electrical current to move freely through it at a very low temperature”

1）表示“感知，察觉，注意到，意识到”，英文解释为“to see something or someone, or to notice something that is obvious”举个🌰：He perceived a tiny figure in the distance. 他注意到远处有个很小的身影。

2）表示“认为；看待；视为”，英文解释为“to come to an opinion about something, or have a belief about something”举个🌰：How do the French perceive the British? 法国人是如何看待英国人的？

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述比特币的文章中提到：Scarcity is a trait of many things that are perceived to have value. 稀缺性正是许多被视为有价值的事物共有的特征。

作动词，swing /swɪŋ/ 1）表示“挥动（拳头或器物）打击”，英文解释为“to move an object or your fist in an attempt to hit something or someone”举个🌰：I swung (the bat) and missed. 我挥动（球棒）击球，但是没有打中。

2）表示“摆动，摇摆，摇晃”，英文解释为“to move easily and without interruption backwards and forwards or from one side to the other, especially from a fixed point, or to cause something or someone to do this”举个🌰：He walked briskly along swinging his rolled-up umbrella. 他摇着收起的伞步履轻快地走在路上。

3）表示“改变，变化”，英文解释为“to change”举个🌰：His mood swings between elation and despair. 他情绪多变，一会儿兴高采烈，一会儿又伤心绝望。

1）作名词，表示“秋千”，英文解释为“a seat for swinging on, hung from above on ropes or chains”；

2）表示“摆动；挥动；转动；强劲节奏”，英文解释为“a swinging movement or rhythm”举个🌰：He took a wild swing at the ball. 他对准球猛地挥拍一击。

3）表示“改变；改变的程度”，英文解释为“a change from one opinion or situation to another; the amount by which sth changes”举个🌰：Voting showed a 25% swing to him. 投票显示25%的人转而支持他。

obscure /əbˈskjʊə/ 作形容词，表示“无名的；鲜为人知的；默默无闻的”，英文解释为“not known to many people”。也可以表示“费解的，晦涩的；模糊的，朦胧的；不清楚的”，英文解释为“not clear and difficult to understand or see”举个🌰：His answers were obscure and confusing. 他的回答模糊不清，令人费解。

作动词，表示“遮掩；遮蔽；使不分明”，英文解释为“to prevent something from being seen or heard”举个🌰：Two new skyscrapers had sprung up, obscuring the view from her window. 两座新摩天大楼拔地而起，挡住了她窗外的风景。

表示“（通过网络在个体之间迅速）病毒式的（传播）”，英文解释为“used to describe something that quickly becomes very popular or well known by being published on the internet or sent from person to person by email, phone, etc.”举个🌰：Here's a list of the top ten viral videos this week. 以下是本周十大病毒式传播的视频。

📍常用短语 go viral，字面意思就是“像病毒一样传播、扩散”，引申为“走红，十分流行，疯狂传播”，比如朋友圈xxx刷屏了，也可以说go viral.

Late last month, a group of scientists from South Korea and Virginia’s William & Mary, in two academic papers that hadn’t undergone peer review, claimed a breakthrough that opened “a new era for humankind.” It relates to the so-called LK-99 crystal, a superconductor that consists of a lead-based compound seasoned with copper. 

7月下旬，一组来自韩国和美国弗吉尼亚州威廉玛丽学院（William & Mary）的科学家在两篇未经同行评审的学术论文中宣称，他们取得了一项突破，开启了“人类的新纪元”。这与所谓的“LK-99”晶体有关，它是一种由掺铜铅基化合物构成的超导体。

表示“经历，经受（令人不快的事或变化） ”，英文解释为“to experience something that is unpleasant or something that involves a change”举个🌰：Playing board games is undergoing a revival in popularity. 棋盘游戏正经历着一场复兴。

🎬电影《白日梦想家》（The Secret Life of Walter Mitty）中的台词提到：But as we undergothis transition to LIFE online... we wanted to be candid with you... 但由于我们处于"生活"杂志网络化的过渡期...所以我们想明白告诉你们...

peer review /ˌpɪə rɪˈvjuː/ 表示“（学术出版过程中的）同行审议”，英文解释为“the process of someone reading, checking, and giving his or her opinion about something that has been written by another scientist or expert working in the same subject area, or a piece of work in which this is done”举个🌰：All these papers have been published after being subjected to peer review. 所有这些论文都是在同行审议后发表的。

crystal /ˈkrɪs.təl/ 1）表示“水晶玻璃”，英文解释为“transparent glass of very high quality, usually with its surface cut into delicate patterns”如：a crystal vase 水晶玻璃花瓶；

2）表示“（手表或钟表的透明）玻璃（或塑料）盖片”，英文解释为“a transparent glass or plastic cover for a watch or clock”

lead /liːd/作名词，可以直接表示“主角，主演”，英文解释为“the main part or actor in a film or play”。

lead /led/ 也可以表示“铅”，英文解释为“a chemical element that is a very heavy, soft, dark grey, poisonous metal, used especially in the past on roofs and for pipes and also for protection against radiation”如：lead pipes 铅管。

compound /ˈkɒm.paʊnd/ 作名词，1）表示“化合物，复合物，混合物”，英文解释为“a chemical that combines two or more elements”举个🌰：Salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine. 盐是钠和氯的化合物。

2）表示“（围起来的）场地，楼群，院落”，英文解释为“an area surrounded by fences or walls that contains a group of buildings”举个🌰：They marched into the compound. 他们进入大院。

作动词，表示“使加重，使加剧，使恶化”，英文解释为“to make a problem or difficult situation worse”举个🌰：Her terror was compounded by the feeling that she was being watched. 她有种被人监视的感觉，这加剧了她的恐惧感。

🎬电影《盗梦空间》（Inception）中的台词提到：And when you enter a dream within that dream, the effect is compounded. 当你进入梦中梦，效果会更强。

熟词僻义，作动词，表示“给…调味，加调料于”，英文解释为“to improve the flavour of savoury food by adding salt, herbs, or spices when cooking or preparing it”举个🌰：Drain the rice, stir in the salmon and season to taste (= so that it has the taste you like). 把米饭沥干，拌入鲑鱼，然后根据个人口味加入调料。

The material, the group claimed, showed the properties of a superconductor that transmits electrical currents without resistance at room temperature and at ambient pressure—a long-running scientific pursuit that, if valid, would usher in generational advances in chips, power grids and computing systems.

该研究团队声称，这种材料显示了超导体的特性，可在室温和环境压力下毫无阻力地传输电流——这是一项长期的科学探索，如果获得成功，将为芯片、电网和计算系统带来划时代的进步。

表示“属性，性能，特性”，英文解释为“a quality in a substance or material, especially one that means that it can be used in a particular way”举个🌰：One of the properties of copper is that it conducts heat and electricity very well. 铜的特性之一是导热导电能力强。

表示“传递；传播”，英文解释为“to pass something from one person or place to another”如：a sexually transmitted disease 性传播疾病。

current作名词，熟词僻义，表示“水流；气流；电流”，英文解释为“a movement of water, air, or electricity in a particular direction”如：to swim against/with the current 逆流/顺流而游。

resistance /rɪˈzɪs.təns/ 1）表示“抵抗；反抗；反对”，英文解释为“the act of fighting against something that is attacking you, or refusing to accept something”如：resistance to disease 抗病。

2）表示“电阻”，英文解释为“the degree to which a substance prevents the flow of an electric current through it”举个🌰：Copper has (a) low resistance. 铜的电阻很小。

表示“周围环境的；周围的”，英文解释为“relating to the surrounding area; on all sides”，如：ambient temperature/light/conditions  周围的温度/光线/环境。

usher表示“引导；引领；把…引往”，英文解释为“to show someone where they should go, or to make someone go where you want them to go”举个🌰：She ushered us into her office and offered us coffee. 她把我们领进她的办公室，给我们倒了咖啡。

usher sth in表示“开创（尤指重大的变化或新事物）；开始；开启”，英文解释为“to be at the start of a new period, especially when important changes or new things happen, or to cause important changes to start happening”举个🌰：His inventions helped usher in the era of skyscrapers. 他的发明推动开启了一个摩天大楼的时代。

The word “superconductors” trended widely online this week. Share prices surged for companies in the U.S., China and South Korea whose operations overlap with superconductors—and even some that lack a direct link—before the gains reversed late in the week. A video uploaded by Chinese researchers, who backed some of LK-99’s traits, attracted nearly 10 million views. 

上周，“超导体”成为网络上普遍的热门话题。美国、中国和韩国那些业务与超导体有重叠的公司，甚至一些没有直接联系的公司，股价都出现了飙升，随后在上周后期逆转升势。支持LK-99一些特性的中国研究人员上传了一段视频，吸引了近1,000万次观看。

trend作动词，表示“（某一时刻在社交媒体或网站上）被提及最多的词语（主题或名字）”，英文解释为“to be one of the words, subjects, or names that is being mentioned most often on a social media website or a news website at a particular time”，举个🌰：Within minutes of the incident her name was trending on Weibo. 事件发生几分钟后她的名字就在微博上传开了。

trend本身也可以直接作名词，原意有“趋势；趋向；倾向；动态；动向；热点”，英文解释为“a general direction in which a situation is changing or developing”。

📍trending hashtags或者说a trending topic，可以指微博上的“#热门话题#”；类似的，Youtube首页上的Trending对应的中文就处理为“时下流行”。

1）作动词，表示“急剧上升；飞涨；剧增”，英文解释为“If something surges, it increases suddenly and greatly, after being steady or developing only slowly.”举个🌰：The company's profits have surged. 公司的利润激增。

2）作名词，表示“剧增”，英文解释为“A surge is a sudden large increase in something that has previously been steady, or has only increased or developed slowly.”举个🌰：An unexpected surge in electrical power caused the computer to crash. 突然出现的电压剧增导致电脑死机。

🎬电影《雷神2：黑暗世界》（Thor: The Dark World）中的台词提到：But she will not survive the amount of energy surging within her. 但她体内涌动的能量太大 她撑不住的。

可以作名词，也可以作动词，1）表示“（活动、课程或时间）相互重叠，有共同之处”，英文解释为“If two or more activities, subjects, or periods of time overlap, they have some parts that are the same.”举个🌰：My musical tastes don't overlap with my brother's at all. 我对音乐的喜好和我弟弟完全不一样。

2）表示“（与…）交叠，（与…）部分重叠，叠盖”，英文解释为“to cover something partly by going over its edge; to cover part of the same space”举个🌰：The fence is made of panels that overlap (each other). 这个围栏是由交叠的板条搭成的。

1）表示“失败；挫折”，英文解释为“a defeat or failure”举个🌰：They suffered a serious military reverse. 他们遭受了一次重大的军事失败。

2）作动词，表示“（使）反向；（使）倒转；彻底改变；推翻”，英文解释为“to change the direction, order, position, result, etc. of something to its opposite”举个🌰：The new manager hoped to reverse the decline in the company's fortunes. 新经理希望能够扭转公司江河日下的状况。

表示“特征，特性，品质”，英文解释为“a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour”举个🌰：His sense of humour is one of his better traits. 具有幽默感是他更讨人喜欢的特点之一。

But many scientists see LK-99’s claims, for now, as more viral than verifiable. The fervor speaks to the immense potential of room-temperature superconductors as well as limited public understanding of the technology and its prospects. A superconductor refers to a material that conducts electricity without energy loss and expels magnetic fields while transitioning to the superconducting state, according to the U.S. Department of Energy. 

但在许多科学家看来，LK-99目前更多处在口说无凭的阶段。这种狂热体现了室温超导体的巨大潜力，同时也显示出公众对该技术及其前景的理解有限。据美国能源部的说法，超导体是指一种能导电而不损失能量的材料，并能在进入超导状态时产生磁场。

verifiable /ˈver.ə.faɪ.ə.bəl/ 表示“可证实的；可证明的”，英文解释为“able to be proved”举个🌰：Throughout the trial, he didn't produce a single verifiable fact. 整个审判过程中，他没有提供一丁点儿可以证实的事实。

美式 fervor，英式 fervour /ˈfɜː.vər/ 表示“热情;热诚;热烈”，英文解释为“strong and sincere beliefs”举个🌰：The country was swept by patriotic fervour. 全国各地爱国情绪高涨。

expel /ɪkˈspel/ 1）表示“排出;喷出”，英文解释为“to force air or liquid out of something”举个🌰：She took a deep breath, then expelled the air in short blasts. 她深吸一口气，然后一下子把空气呼出来。

2）表示“驱逐；除名；开除”，英文解释为“to force someone to leave a school, organization, or country”举个🌰：He was expelled from school for bad behaviour. 他因为行为不端被学校开除了。

The buzz around superconductors has remained elevated since March. That is when Ranga Dias, a physicist at the University of Rochester, published a piece in the prestigious journal Nature, arguing the rare-earth metal lutetium combined with nitrogen and hydrogen was a superconductor at a temperature of 69 degrees Fahrenheit. It also did so at pressures less extreme than what is required for many known superconducting materials. Dias’s claim and his prior work have been heavily scrutinized by his scientific peers, including accusations of fabricated data and plagiarism.

自3月份以来，围绕超导体的讨论热度居高不下。当时，罗切斯特大学（University of Rochester）物理学家Ranga Dias在知名期刊《自然》（Nature）上发表了一篇文章，认为稀土金属鑥与氮和氢结合后，在华氏69度的温度下就能成为超导体。而且，其进入超导状态所需的压力低于许多已知超导材料的极高水平。Dias的说法和他之前的工作受到其他科学人士的严格审视，有些人指称他捏造数据和剽窃。

buzz的本义是指“嗡嗡声，蜂鸣声”（a continuous noise like the sound of a bee），还有“闹哄哄；喧闹”（a lot of activity, noise, and excitement）、“兴奋之感，喜悦心情”（a strong feeling of excitement, pleasure, or success, or a similar feeling from drinking alcohol or taking drugs）的含义。

此处buzz，韦氏词典（Merriam-Webster）给出的英文解释为：“speculative or excited talk or attention relating especially to a new or forthcoming product or event”或者是“an instance of such talk or attention”，（引起）关注/热议等，如：their first song created a huge buzz 他们的第一首引起热烈反响，create a buzz 制造话题，造势，炒作，制造噱头。

📍此外，比较常见的一个词buzzword，表示“流行语，热词，时髦用语，流行术语”（a word or phrase from one special area of knowledge that people suddenly think is very important）

elevated /ˈel.ɪ.veɪ.tɪd/ 1）表示“提高的；升高的；抬高的”，英文解释为“raised”举个🌰：The doctor said I was to keep my leg elevated. 医生说我要保持腿部抬高。

2）表示“高出正常水平的；偏高的”，英文解释为“greater than is normal or reasonable”举个🌰：He has a slightly elevated idea of his own importance. 他自视过高。

prestigious /prɛˈstɪdʒəs/表示“有威望的，有声望的，有威信的”，英文解释为“A prestigious institution, job, or activity is respected and admired by people.”举个🌰：It's one of the best equipped and most prestigious schools in the country. 它是该国设备最好、最有声望的学校之一。

scrutinize /ˈskruː.tɪ.naɪz/ 表示“仔细察看，审查”，英文解释为“If you scrutinize something, you examine it very carefully, often to find out some information from it or about it.”举个🌰：Her purpose was to scrutinize his features to see if he was an honest man. 她的目的是仔细察看他的特征看他是不是个诚实的人。

表示“伪造”，英文解释为“If someone fabricates information, they invent it in order to deceive people.”举个🌰：They claim that officers fabricated evidence against them. 他们声称官员们伪造了不利于他们的证据。

plagiarism /ˈpleɪdʒəˌrɪzəm/ 表示“剽窃”，英文解释为“Plagiarism is the practice of using or copying someone else's idea or work and pretending that you thought of it or created it.”举个🌰：Now he's in real trouble. He's accused of plagiarism. 现在他陷入真正的麻烦了。他被指控剽窃。

Like all previous reports of such “unidentified superconducting objects,” the South Korea-led group’s findings will be “taken seriously once other groups reproduce them and then weigh in onwhether this is a true superconductor or just an unusual kind of diamagnet,” said Michael Norman, a condensed matter physicist with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Argonne National Laboratory.

美国能源部下属阿贡国家实验室（Argonne National Laboratory）的凝聚态物理学家Michael Norman表示，与之前所有关于此类“不明超导物体”的报道一样，由韩国牵头的该研究小组的发现一旦被其他研究小组复现，并评估这是真正的超导还是仅仅为一种不寻常的抗磁性物质（diamagnet），它就会得到重视。

此前在“我不能呼吸了”美国警察暴力执法致黑人死亡文中出现过，表示“（在讨论、辩论等中）发表有分量的意见，发挥作用”，英文解释为“to join in a discussion, an argument, an activity, etc. by saying sth important, persuading sb, or doing sth to help”举个🌰：We all weighed in with our suggestions. 我们都提出了建议。

📺美剧《生活大爆炸》（The Big Bang Theory）第6季第5集中谢尔顿就说到：Care to weigh in? 可以理解为想参与讨论，想说点什么吗（To put your opinion into a matter or situation），字幕组将其解释为：有何高见？

📺还是《生活大爆炸》第7季第9集中提到：Can I weigh in here? 所以我能插一句吗?

📺还有如第7季第21集中也提到了：And yet you get to weigh in. 可是你还有话语权啊。

condensed /kənˈdenst/ 表示“（使）凝固的;（使）凝结的”，英文解释为“made from a gas into a liquid or solid state”如：The condensed vapor will not include salt or most other impurities 凝结的蒸汽不包括盐或大多数其他杂质。

Several efforts are under way to verify the LK-99 claims, including one led by Argonne. Some initial attempts at verification have shown promise, such as Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory’s simulations that have supported LK-99 in theory. Others have concluded that the material doesn’t display the appearance of bulk superconductivity at room temperature.

几项工作正在开展以验证关于LK-99的说法，其中包括由阿贡国家实验室牵头的一项。一些初步的验证尝试显示出了乐观结果，例如劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室（Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory）的模拟在理论上支持LK-99。其它一些尝试得出的结论是，这种材料在室温下并没有显示出典型超导现象。

表示“模拟，模仿”，英文解释为“a model of a set of problems or events that can be used to teach someone how to do something, or the process of making such a model”举个🌰：The manager prepared a computer simulation of likely sales performance for the rest of the year. 经理准备对该年度剩余时间内可能的销售业绩进行计算模拟分析。

They are reacting to a pair of papers posted last week by scientists, most of whom work for the privately held Quantum Energy Research Center in Seoul. They uploaded their findings to arXiv, a global repository for unpublished science research. One of the scientists also provided a video showing a small sample of the material partially levitated over a magnet in an apparent demonstration of superconductivity.

他们是在回应一些科学家们7月下旬发表的两篇论文。这些科学家大多供职于首尔的私营机构量子能源研究中心（Quantum Energy Research Center），他们将自己的研究成果上传到了全球未发表科学研究的资料库arXiv上。其中一位科学家还提供了一段视频，展示了这种材料的一个小样本在磁铁上部分悬浮，看上去是在演示超导性。

repository /rɪˈpɒz.ɪ.tər.i/ 1）表示“仓库；贮藏室；存放处”，英文解释为“a place where things are stored and can be found”

2）表示“智囊；知识渊博的人；知识宝典”，英文解释为“a person who has, or a book that contains, a lot of information or detailed knowledge”举个🌰：She's a repository of knowledge about our family history. 她对我们的家族史了如指掌。

levitate /ˈlev.ɪ.teɪt/ 表示“（使）飘浮”，英文解释为“to (cause to) rise and float in the air without any physical support”

LK-99 is named after the initials of the surnames of two of the scientists—Lee Suk-bae and Kim Ji-hoon of the Quantum Energy Research Center—and 1999, the year the material was reportedly synthesized by them. 

多位科学家参与了这项研究，LK-99是以其中两位科学家姓氏首字母以及上述材料的合成年份命名的，这两位科学家是量子能源研究中心的Lee Suk-bae和Kim Ji-hoon，这种材料据说是他们在1999年合成的。

synthesize /ˈsɪn.θə.saɪz/ 表示“合成”，英文解释为“to produce a substance by a chemical reaction in plants or animals”举个🌰：There are many vitamins that the body cannot synthesize itself. 有很多维生素是人体自身无法合成的。

Some compounds composed of metals including aluminum, zinc, and mercury are known to exhibit superconducting behaviors, though only at extreme pressures and temperatures. That has made them unfeasible or impractical for widespread use. 

根据已知信息，一些由铝、锌和汞等金属组成的合成物具有超导特性，但只有在极高压力和温度下才能实现。这使得此类材料不具备广泛使用的可行性或实际操作性。

The enthusiasm for LK-99 triggered wild stock swings. Given the current concentration of manufacturing expertise in Asian countries like South Korea, Japan and China, it is highly probable that companies from these countries would play a significant role in developing and implementing superconductors when they are ready for more practical applications.

对LK-99的热情引发了相关股票价格的剧烈波动。鉴于目前的制造技术集中在韩国、日本和中国等亚洲国家，在超导体可以用于更多实际应用时，这些国家的公司极有可能在开发和应用超导体方面发挥重要作用。

1）作动词，除了表示“发动；引起；触发”，英文解释为“to make sth happen suddenly”举个🌰：Nuts can trigger off a violent allergic reaction. 坚果可以引起严重的过敏反应。

2）作名词，表示“扳机”，英文解释为“The trigger of a gun is a small lever which you pull to fire it.”举个🌰：A man pointed a gun at them and pulled the trigger. 一个男人用枪指着他们，扣动了扳机。

类似的还有：

📍stir表示“激发，激起（强烈的感情）；引起（强烈的反应）”，英文解释为“to make someone have a strong feeling or reaction”，举个🌰：The poem succeeds in stirring the imagination. 这首诗能够激发起想象力。

📍provoke也表示“激起，引起”，英文解释为“to cause a reaction or feeling, especially a sudden one”，如：provoke debate/discussion 激起辩论/讨论。

📍spur 鼓动；激励；鞭策；刺激；鼓舞”，英文解释为“If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.”举个🌰：It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats. 是金钱驱使这些渔民驾驶单薄的小船冒险出海远航。

🎬电影《龙之心3：巫师的诅咒》（Dragonheart 3: The Sorcerer's Curse）中的台词提到：To spur the clans to war. 激励部族发起战争。

Several little-known South Korean companies with presumed ties to superconductors received investor warnings after share prices skyrocketed. One, Sunam, which makes high-temperature wiring and electromagnets involved in superconductors, hit the daily maximum level of 30% gains for three straight days. Trading of Sunam shares were halted Friday for one day after surges that occurred after the warning. Another company, Mobiis, involved in nuclear fusion and particle-accelerator technologies, rose 19% this week through Thursday, then fell roughly by 28% by Friday’s close. 

几家与超导体有推定关联的名不见经传的韩国公司股价暴涨，之后韩国证券交易所对投资者发布了有关这些公司股票风险的警告。其中包括超导体所涉高温电线和电磁铁的生产商Sunam，该公司股价连续三个交易日涨幅达到30%上限。在交易所发布上述警告后，Sunam的股票继续飙升，但上周五停牌一天。上周头四个交易日，另一家从事核聚变和粒子加速器技术的公司Mobiis股价累计上涨19%，但到上周五收盘时下跌约28%。

presume /prɪˈzjuːm/ 表示“假定，推定，认定”，英文解释为“to believe something to be true because it is very likely, although you are not certain”举个🌰：The boat's captain is missing, presumed dead (= it is believed that he is dead). 这条船的船长失踪了，已推定罹难。

🎬电影《消失的爱人》（Gone Girl）中的台词提到：Soon to be presumed dead 但很快就会判定（我）死亡了。

动词，表示“剧增；猛涨”，英文解释为“If prices or amounts skyrocket, they suddenly increase by a very large amount.”如：the skyrocketing costs of health care 暴涨的医疗费用。

straight作形容词，除了表示“直的”（without a bend or curve; going in one direction only），表示“连续的，不间断的”，英文解释为“following one after another without an interruption”举个🌰：They had been working for 16 hours straight. 他们已经一连工作了16个小时。 类似的：

📍in a row表示“接连地；连续地”，英文解释为“one after another without a break”举个🌰：She's been voted Best Actress three years in a row. 她已经连续3年当选为最佳女演员。

1）表示“使停住；停住”，英文解释为“When a person or a vehicle halts or when something halts them, they stop moving in the direction they were going and stand still.”举个🌰：They halted at a short distance from the house. 他们停在离房子不远处。

2）表示“使完全停止；完全停止”，英文解释为“When something such as growth, development, or activity halts or when you halt it, it stops completely.”举个🌰：Workers halted production at the auto plant yesterday. 昨天，汽车厂的工人完全停止了生产。

🎬电影《危情时速》（Unstoppable）中的台词提到：Emergency responders want to halt all activity near the line 应急响应人员打算停止铁路附近的所有活动。

Despite having no involvement in superconductors, a third South Korean company, Shinsung Delta Tech, hit maximum gains on Tuesday and Wednesday before selling off. The rise came from Shinsung’s ownership stake in a venture-capital firm that has invested in the Quantum Research Institute.

第三家韩国公司Shinsung Delta Tech并没有涉足超导领域，但该股在上周二和上周三触及涨停板，随后遭到抛售。此番上涨的原因是Shinsung持有一家风投公司的股份，而这家风投公司投资了上述量子能源研究中心。

In the U.S., shares of American Superconductor, which specializes in high-temperature superconducting wires, skyrocketed by roughly 60% on Tuesday, before the gains reversed in the following days. 

在美国，专门生产高温超导线的美国超导公司（American Superconductor Co., AMSC）上周二股价飙涨约60%，但随后几天回吐涨幅。

Several Chinese companies saw their stock prices soar and fall as the LK-99 video went viral. The investor attention prompted Shanghai-listed Benefo, which rose 34% in recent days, to clarify that it has no related work now to room-temperature superconductivity. In the past, a subsidiary had engaged in some high-temperature superconducting research. Meanwhile, Shenzhen-listed TICW pointed out the same lack of a room-temperature superconducting exposure, though its stock price surged roughly 70% this week. 

随着LK-99视频的疯传，几家中国公司的股价也大幅上涨，随后回落。投资者的关注促使在上海上市的天津百利特精电气股份有限公司（Tianjin Benefo Tejing Electric Co., 简称：百利电气）作出澄清，称公司目前没有与室温超导相关的业务。该公司股价最近几日累计上涨34%。过去，百利电气一家子公司曾从事过一些高温超导研究。与此同时，在深圳上市的上海国缆检测股份有限公司（TICW）也指出公司不涉及室温超导业务，而其股价上周飙升了约70%。

1）表示“急剧增加”，英文解释为“If the amount, value, level, or volume of something soars, it quickly increases by a great deal.”举个🌰：Shares soared on the New York stock exchange. 纽约证券交易所股票暴涨。

2）表示“高飞，翱翔”，英文解释为“If something such as a bird soars into the air, it goes quickly up into the air.”举个🌰：If you're lucky, a splendid golden eagle may soar into view. 幸运的话，一只金色雄鹰会跃入视线。

3）作动词，表示“升空；升腾”，英文解释为“to rise quickly and smoothly up into the air”举个🌰：The rocket soared (up) into the air. 火箭升空。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇分析受疫情影响的旅游业的文章中提到：Soaring incomes in China explain part of the increase. 这一增长的部分原因是中国人收入猛增。

作名词，1）表示“（计算机屏幕上的）提示符（显示计算机已经准备好接受指令）”，英文解释为“a sign on a computer screen that shows that the computer is ready to receive your instructions”

2）表示“（给演员的）提词，提白”，英文解释为“words that are spoken to an actor who has forgotten what he or she is going to say during the performance of a play”

3）作动词，表示“促使；导致；激起”，英文解释为“to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to happen”举个🌰：His speech prompted an angry outburst from a man in the crowd. 他的讲话激起了人群中一男子的愤怒。

📺美剧《斯巴达克斯：血与沙》（Spartacus: Blood and Sand）中的台词提到：One cannot but wonder what would prompt such an act 不知他们为何遭此不幸。

4）作动词，表示“（尤指）给（演员）提词”，英文解释为“to help someone, especially an actor, to remember what they were going to say or do”举个🌰：I forgot my line and had to be prompted. 我忘词了，只好让人提词。

list作动词，表示“使（公司）上市；（公司）上市”（If a company is listed, or if it lists, on a stock exchange, it obtains an official quotation for its shares so that people can buy and sell them.）举个🌰：Last month, thirty new companies were listed. 上个月有30家公司上市。

📍relist 重新上市。

📍listing作名词，除了表示“（表册上的）位置，项目”，也有“上市”的含义，英文解释为“a position or an item on a list”举个🌰：The company is seeking a stock exchange listing (= for trading shares). 这家公司正在争取上市。

表示“澄清；阐明；使更清晰易懂”，英文解释为“to make something clear or easier to understand by giving more details or a simpler explanation”举个🌰：Could you clarify the first point please? 请你把第一点再阐释一下，好吗？

subsidiary /səbˈsɪd.i.ə.ri/ 表示“子公司；附属公司”，英文解释为“A subsidiary or a subsidiary company is a company which is part of a larger and more important company.”

Even if LK-99 were found to exhibit superconductivity, engineers would still need to determine how to implement the material into their products, leaving major steps before any commercialization is considered, said Rino Choi, a materials engineering professor at Inha University in South Korea. He said the recent findings appear to be “too primitive.”

韩国仁荷大学（Inha University）材料工程学教授Rino Choi表示，即使发现LK-99具备超导性，工程师们仍需要确定如何将这种材料应用到他们的产品中，因此在考虑任何商业化之前还有重要的工作要做。他称，最近的研究结果似乎都还处于很初级的阶段。

表示“原始的，早期的，远古的”，英文解释为“relating to human society at a very early stage of development, with people living in a simple way without machines or a writing system”。

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