十九大报告学习｜六次“初心”不算多，还有51个“心”（上）
在十九大报告中，出现了六次的“初心”似乎成了大家最为关注的词。不过，如果再仔细翻阅报告，其实会发现还有其它几种“心”，而且共出现51次之多：同心、信心、关心、核心、心连心……
对于这些词语的翻译，一是肯定不能都翻译成与heart或mind有关的词，更不可能只是字面翻译，而不顾上下文的语境。在英文报告中，又是用什么英文词呢？ 大家与翻吧君一起来看看。
全党同志一定要永远与人民同呼吸、共命运、心连心，永远把人民对美好生活的向往作为奋斗目标，以永不懈怠的精神状态和一往无前的奋斗姿态，继续朝着实现中华民族伟大复兴的宏伟目标奋勇前进。
In our Party, each and everyone of us must always breathe the same breath as the people, share the same future, and stay truly connected to them. The aspirations of the people to live a better life must always be the focus of our efforts. We must keep on striving with endless energy toward the great goal of national rejuvenation.
与人民心连心译成“stay truly connected to people”，颇有与“不忘初心”的英译stay true to the mission的风格，有某种内在的呼应。
Truely 在用作副词时，更多地是用于强调或突显所修饰词语的特点。在《柯林斯英语词典》里的解释是：
You use truly to emphasize that something has all the features or qualities of a particular thing, or is the case to the fullest possible extent. 真正地;
例句：
Not all doctors truly understand the reproductive cycle.
并非所有的医生都完全地了解生育周期。
把党建设成为始终走在时代前列、人民衷心拥护、勇于自我革命、经得起各种风浪考验、朝气蓬勃的马克思主义执政党。
Build the Party into a vibrant Marxist governing party that is always at the forefront of the times, enjoys the wholehearted support of the people, has the courage to reform itself,and is able to withstand all tests.
“衷心”的意思是“指发自内心的;真心的、无保留的、忠实的、热情。”英文是wholehearted（注意这个词是一个独立的形容词，不是wholeheart的过去分词形式）, 如《柯林斯英语词典》的解释：
If you support or agree to something in a wholehearted way, you support or agree to it enthusiastically and completely. 全心全意的
这个词也经常用在“全心全意为人民服务”的英文翻译中。可参考本文后面的“全心全意”词条。
例句：
The governor deserves our wholehearted support for having taken a step in this direction.
州长已朝这个方向迈进了一步，值得我们全心全意的支持。
在这里将汉语的主谓结构转变成了英语的动宾结构，由统一的the Party作逻辑主语。
我们将推动两岸同胞共同弘扬中华文化，促进心灵契合。
We will encourage people from both sides to work together to promote Chinese culture and forge closer bonds between them.
在这一句里，对于“心灵”的理解并没有与中文一样“虚化”，而是结合整个上下文的语境，强调两岸同胞的“一家人”关系（bond of kinship）的更一进步，用closer bond来响应。
在这里没有用tie或relation，而是用bond，是因为bond本身具有一种强烈的情感关系，即《柯林斯英语词典》里解释的：
A bond between people is a strong feeling of friendship, love, or shared beliefs and experiences that unites them.
这是一种“强烈”情感纽带，而不仅仅是一种客观实际的关系。
例句：
The experience created a very special bond between us.
这段经历构成了我们之间一条非常特殊的纽带。
另外，bond也强调人与人之间，或组织之间的一种紧密的联系（close connection）：
A bond between people or groups is a close connection that they have with each other, for example because they have a special agreement. 密切联系
例句：
...the strong bond between church and nation.
…教会与国家的紧密联系。
中国坚持对外开放的基本国策，坚持打开国门搞建设，积极促进“一带一路”国际合作，努力实现政策沟通、设施联通、贸易畅通、资金融通、民心相通，打造国际合作新平台，增添共同发展新动力。加大对发展中国家特别是最不发达国家援助力度，促进缩小南北发展差距。
China adheres to the fundamental national policy of opening up and pursues development with its doors open wide. China will actively promote international cooperation through the Belt and Road Initiative. In doing so, we hope to achieve policy, infrastructure, trade, financial, and people-to-people connectivity and thus build a new platform for international cooperation to create new drivers of shared development.
“民心”既可是一种mind/thought of people 或也可用作“提喻”，即people。在这个语境里，“民心相通”自然是强调 people-to-people connectivity。这也是“一带一路”战略的“五通”重要内容之一。
在此之前，“民心相通”在《“一带一路”倡议》英文版里用的是“people-to-people bond”。
民心相通是“一带一路”建设的社会根基。
People-to-people bond provides the public support for implementing the Initiative.
不过，people-to-people connectivity在习近平主席5月份的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛开幕式上的主旨演讲里得到正式使用：
这是民心相通不断促进的4年。
These four years have seen strengthened people-to-people connectivity.
另外，people-to-people exchange更多是指“人文交流”，比如“中美人文交流项目”就翻译成China-US people-to-people exchange program。
在十八大的报告中提到要促进两岸人民之间的“人民往来”，用了people-to-people contact
密切人民往来，融洽同胞感情。
enhance...further people-to-people contacts to cultivate mutual goodwill.
从此，中国人民谋求民族独立、人民解放和国家富强、人民幸福的斗争就有了主心骨，中国人民就从精神上由被动转为主动。
From that moment on, the Chinese people have had in the Party a backbone for their pursuit of national independence and liberation, of a stronger and more prosperous country, and of their own happiness; and the mindset of the Chinese people has changed, from passivity to taking the the initiative.
……确保党在世界形势深刻变化的历史进程中始终走在时代前列，在应对国内外各种风险和考验的历史进程中始终成为全国人民的主心骨，在坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的历史进程中始终成为坚强领导核心。
We must see that as history progresses and the world undergoes profound changes, the Party remains always ahead of the times; that as history progresses and we respond to risks and tests at home and abroad, the Party remains always the backbone of the nation; and that as history progresses and we continue to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics, the Party remains always a powerful leadership core.
两次出现的“主心骨”，都是用了英文backbone。在《柯林斯英语词典》里所解释的：
The backbone of an organization or system is the part of it that gives it its main strength.
例句：
The small business people of Britain are the economic backbone of the nation.
英国的小商人是国家经济的支柱。
除了backbone，表示“主心骨”意思的还有以下几个词，比较有文学色彩：
He had been a rock in the shifting sands of her existence.
他一直是她曲折坎坷的生活中的主心骨。
Pat was a tower of strength to our whole family.
帕特是我们全家人的主心骨。
After the father's death the son became the mainstay of the family.
父亲死后,儿子就成了这个家庭的主心骨.
必须坚持人民主体地位，坚持立党为公、执政为民，践行全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨，把党的群众路线贯彻到治国理政全部活动之中，把人民对美好生活的向往作为奋斗目标，依靠人民创造历史伟业。
We must ensure the principal status of the people, and adhere to the Party's commitment to serving the public good and exercising power in the interests of the people. We must observe the Party's fundamental purpose of wholeheartedly serving the people, and put into practice the Party's mass line in all aspects of governance. We must regard as our goal the people's aspirations to live a better life, and rely on the people to move history forward.
对于“全心全意为人民服务”的英文，可能会在第一时间冒出来的是“serve the people wholeheartedly”，或是“serve the people with heart and soul”。在十九大的英文报告里，也是如此，不过略有调整，即wholeheartedly serve the people.
实施食品安全战略，让人民吃得放心。
We will initiate a food safety strategy to ensure that people have peace of mind about what they're putting on their plates.
对于“放心”的英文翻译词，《新汉英大词典》列举了很多，如set one's mind at rest; be at ease; rest assured; rest one's heart; feel relieved [safe]。不过，在十九大的报告里，“放心”一词的意思更多地是强调心态，用的是have peace of mind about
例如，在BBC的一篇文章中就用了这个词来表达类似的意思：
Dignity for life is our ambition and part of this is ensuring that our older people, who have worked a lifetime and deserve a little peace of mind in their retirement, are not exposed to abusers, " he added.
【以下是更多学习十九大报告的内容】