有产者的就业焦虑：安居真的可以乐业吗——基于城市住房分层与工作满意度的观察

《财经研究》 2021年47卷第1期 页码：47 - 61  online：2020年12月30日

有产者的就业焦虑：安居真的可以乐业吗——基于城市住房分层与工作满意度的观察

Can Housing Property Necessarily Lead to Job Satisfaction? Based on the Observation of Urban Housing and Job Satisfaction

作者（中）：刘斌1 *, 张安全2

作者（英）：Liu Bin1 *, Zhang Anquan2

作者单位：1.重庆工商大学 长江上游经济研究中心，重庆 400067 2.西南财经大学 经济学院，四川 成都 611130

摘要：在当前以住房财富划分的社会分层已然形成的背景下，有大量研究证实了住房产权对主观幸福感的积极影响，然而，作为构成幸福感的重要方面，住房对工作满意度可能存在着更为复杂的影响。文章利用CLDS2016数据探索了住房分层对劳动者工作满意度的影响，估计结果表明：多套住房者的工作满意度更高，仅拥有一套住房者表现出了比其他群体更低的工作满意度。文章从心理机制和工作满意度主客观指标分解两方面探索了其原因：一方面，偿还房贷的压力和房价上涨引致的工作机会成本的提高所引发的相对剥夺感降低了一套住房者的工作满意度；另一方面，虽然在工作收入、工作时间和工作环境等客观条件方面与无房者没有明显差异，但一套房者对工作收入表现出了明显的不满情绪，多套住房者在三种工作条件上均优于其他群体，因此其满意度也更高。

关键词：住房产权; 工作满意度; 相对剥夺感; 房奴效应; 财富效应

Summary: In the context of the current social stratification of housing wealth, a large number of researches have confirmed the positive impact of housing property rights on happiness. However, as a special commodity with both consumption and investment attributes, the impact of housing on modern urban families may not be limited to life feelings. Most of the current researches focus on the observation of overall well-being or life satisfaction, and pay little attention to workers’ working attitude.For urban families who rely on their occupational income to obtain class status and use housing investment to resist social risks, housing and employment issues are the core content of the middle class anxiety. This paper uses CLDS data to explore the impact of housing stratification on workers’ job satisfaction from many dimensions. This study shows the realistic mentality of families in various housing classes in terms of job satisfaction: For families with more than one housing property right, their “housing freedom” increases their freedom in working choices, so they maintain a high degree of satisfaction with their jobs; for families with single housing property right, the pressure of repaying the mortgage and the relative sense of deprivation that the rise of housing prices cannot be realized makes the real estate class show obvious anxiety and dissatisfaction in employment, especially in work income. The conclusion of this paper reveals a worrying fact: Although most urban workers have already achieved “Live in Peace”, high housing prices and high mortgages have restricted their ability to “Work in Contentment”, and housing differentiation has restrained and replaced the spirit of “work hard and work happy” of urban workers to a certain extent.Different from the existing research, this paper reveals the negative effect of housing property rights on the job satisfaction of people with single housing property right. There are two possible marginal contributions: First, most of the current researches focus on the overall subjective satisfaction or life satisfaction, while the research on the subjective employment attitude such as housing to workers’ job satisfaction is rarely involved. This study, from the perspectives of housing stratification and job satisfaction, depicts the anxiety problems of urban families, especially those with housing property rights, and reveals the employment anxiety that the single housing property right brings to the property families. This finding enriches the academic research on the impact of housing on subjective satisfaction and the job market from a micro perspective. Second, this paper not only conducts empirical exploration on the three psychological mechanisms of housing property rights affecting job satisfaction, but also uses subjective and objective index estimation results to compare work income, working hours and working environment to reveal the reasons for the employment anxiety of families with single housing property right. The reason is largely due to the dissatisfaction with work income. This idea is expected to enrich the related research based on purely subjective variables. The findings also help to broaden the academic community’s understanding of the anxiety of middle class, and have enlightening significance for the government to formulate housing and employment policies.

Key words: housing property rights; job satisfaction; relative deprivation; mortgage-slave effect; wealth effect

DOI：10.16538/j.cnki.jfe.20200917.302

收稿日期：2020-5-8

基金项目：国家社科学科基金项目（17CJY018）

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