中国白酒英文名改了：Baijiu

近日，海关总署在充分听取中国酒业协会的意见之后，同意在2021年的《中华人民共和国进出口税则》中进行修改，新的税则从2021年1月1日起正式执行，中文列目名称白酒的对应英文由原来的 Chinese distilled spirits 改为 Chinese Baijiu.

其实，个人觉得不太合理，建议改成：

Baijio

How to drink baijiu: Beijing's pros share their tips

BBC

It's the most widely drunk hard liquor in the world but it's rarely found on cocktail menus.

Baijiu, distilled from sorghum and rice, rules every festive occasion in China, where it's the tipple of choice for everything from wedding receptions to business banquets.

It's especially popular during celebrations for the Lunar New Year, when shot glasses filled with the potent spirit are thrown back and slammed down on the table in endless rounds of toasts.

"Many (foreigners) find baijiu off-putting, but it's not about the liquor itself," says Bill Isler, co-founder of Beijing's Capital Spirits, the world's first baijiu-themed bar.

Isler says the drink's fearsome reputation comes from visitors being coerced into excessive drinking by Chinese friends or co-workers -- persuading people to drink is a gesture of generosity and "being a good host," he says.

But Isler wants to change the way baijiu is regarded and consumed. His bar serves different types of the fiery spirit as well as baijiu cocktails.

It's a push shared by distillers -- sales of high-end baijiu brands like Moutai have slowed as China has reined in officials' expense accounts as part of an anti-corruption drive.

Thanks to China's huge population, baijiu accounts for almost a third of global spirit sales. Euromonitor International, a London-based consultancy, estimated about 5.5 billion liters, or 1.5 billion gallons of baijiu sold last year.

Is baijiu poised to take over the world?

There are signs that appreciation for baijiu is starting to spread.

Jim Boyce, a Canadian wine expert based in Beijing, is the founder of World Baijiu Day, aimed at promoting the best-selling yet little-known spirit.

He said 30 Baijiu Day events were held in 20 cities around the world last year. Dedicated baijiu bars are now found in Liverpool and New York.

There are also a growing number of overseas baijiu brands. ByeJoe in the United States, Taizi in New Zealand and Dragon's Mist in Canada are milder versions of China's most eye-watering drink.

In China, people are experimenting with baijiu too.

Seminars are being held on how to pair it with food and some entrepreneurs have developed baijiu-infused ice cream, pizza and gummy bears. A chef in Beijing even created deep-fried baijiu cake.

The government is also promoting baijiu tourism, a Chinese version of a Bordeaux tour in Maotai, Guizhou province.

Boyce suggests first timers "compare and contrast" different baijiu styles side by side.

"Just as with a flight of wine or whiskey or tequila, a flight of baijiu is bound to make you think more deeply about smells, tastes and, ultimately, preferences," he says.

"Lots of people assume all baijiu is pretty much the same. Trying different styles side-by-side reveals a great deal of diversity."

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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

How to drink baijiu: Beijing's pros share their tips

BBC

It's the most widely drunk hard liquor in the world but it's rarely found on cocktail menus.

白酒是世界上饮用范围最广的烈性酒，但却很少出现在鸡尾酒菜单上。

liquor /ˈlɪkə/ 表示“白酒，烈酒”，英文解释为“strong alcoholic drink”。

cocktail表示“鸡尾酒”，英文解释为“a drink usually made from a mixture of one or more spirits (= strong alcoholic drinks) and fruit juice. It can also be made without alcohol.”；

🍸cocktail真的就是cock，公鸡，雄鸡（an adult male chicken）+tail，尾，尾巴（the part that sticks out and can be moved at the back of the body of a bird, an animal or a fish）

Baijiu, distilled from sorghum and rice, rules every festive occasion in China, where it's the tipple of choice for everything from wedding receptions to business banquets.

在中国，由高粱和大米酿造而成的白酒是每一个喜庆场合的主宰，从婚宴到商务宴请，白酒都是首选酒。

1）表示“蒸馏”，英文解释为“to make a liquid stronger or purer by heating it until it changes to a gas and then cooling it so that it changes back into a liquid”；

2）表示“提炼，浓缩”，英文解释为“to get or show only the most important part of something”举个🌰：

Over 80 hours of footage have been distilled into these 40 minutes.

80多个小时的片子被提炼压缩成了40分钟。

表示“高粱”，英文解释为“a type of grain grown in hot countries”。

表示“节日的；喜庆的；欢乐的”，英文解释为“having or producing happy and enjoyable feelings suitable for a festival or other special occasion”如：a festive mood/occasion 节日气氛/喜庆场合。

表示“酒精饮料”，英文解释为“an alcoholic drink”举个🌰：

What's your tipple?(= What alcoholic drink do you usually drink?)

你喝什么酒？

It's especially popular during celebrations for the Lunar New Year, when shot glasses filled with the potent spirit are thrown back and slammed down on the table in endless rounds of toasts.

在农历新年庆祝活动中，这种酒尤其受欢迎，在无休止的敬酒中，酒杯装满烈性酒，一杯杯被喝下，并砸在了桌子上。

A shot glass is a glass originally designed to hold or measure spirits or liquor, which is either imbibed straight from the glass ("a shot") or poured into a cocktail ("a drink"). An alcoholic beverage served in a shot glass and typically consumed quickly, in one gulp, may also be known as a "shooter".

🍸shot本身作名词，熟词僻义，可以指“少量饮料；（尤指）少量烈酒”，英文解释为“a small amount of a drink, especially a strong alcoholic one”如：a shot of whisky 一点威士忌。

potent /ˈpəʊtənt/ 表示“强有力的，强大的；有效力的”，英文解释为“very powerful, forceful, or effective”举个🌰：

This is a very potent drug and can have unpleasant side-effects.

该药效力很强，副作用也不小。

spirit也可以表示“烈酒”，英文解释为“a strong alcoholic drink”举个🌰：

I don't drink whisky or brandy or any other spirits.

我不喝威士忌（whisky）和白兰地（brandy），也不喝其他烈性酒。

throw作动词本身表示“投；抛；掷；扔”（to send something through the air with force, especially by a sudden movement of the arm），举个🌰：

My friend threw the ball back over the fence.

我朋友把球从围栏上掷了回去。

🍸此处显然不是这个含义。据The Free Dictionary的解释，throw sth back指的是迅速或一口气喝下某样东西，尤指酒精饮料（To drink something very quickly or in one swig, especially an alcoholic beverage），举个🌰：

I'm not surprised you feel so horrible, judging by the way you were throwing back drinks last night.

从你昨晚喝得烂醉如泥的样子来看，我并不奇怪你感觉如此可怕。

1）表示“摔；使劲扔”，英文解释为“If you slam something down, you put it there quickly and with great force.”举个🌰：

She listened in a mixture of shock and anger before slamming the phone down.

她震惊而气愤地听着，随后啪地挂上电话。

2）表示“严厉批评；猛烈抨击”，英文解释为“To slam someone or something means to criticize them very severely.”举个🌰：

The famed filmmaker slammed the claims as "an outrageous lie."

该享有盛名的电影制片人猛烈抨击这些说法，称其为“无耻谎言。”

1）作名词，表示“祝酒；干杯”，英文解释为“an expression of good wishes or respect for someone that involves holding up and then drinking from a glass of alcohol, especially wine, after a short speech”举个🌰：

Champagne corks popped and the guests drank a toast to the happy couple.

香槟酒瓶砰地打开了，客人们举杯为这对幸福的伉俪干杯。

🍸比如，G20杭州峰会欢迎宴会上致辞最后提到：Now, please join me in a toast: 现在我提议，大家共同举杯，

2）当然toast也可以直接作动词，举个🌰：

We toasted the happy couple.

我们为这对幸福的伉俪干杯。

"Many (foreigners) find baijiu off-putting, but it's not about the liquor itself," says Bill Isler, co-founder of Beijing's Capital Spirits, the world's first baijiu-themed bar.

“许多（外国人）觉得白酒让人反感，但这与酒本身无关，”北京的首都酒坊（Capital Spirits）联合创始人比尔·艾勒（Bill Isler）说，这是世界上第一家以白酒为主题的酒吧。

表示“令人不快的；令人烦恼的，讨人厌的”，英文解释为“slightly unpleasant or worrying so that you do not want to get involved in any way”举个🌰：

Many customers found the smell of this product distinctly off-putting.

很多顾客觉得该产品的味道特别难闻。

Isler says the drink's fearsome reputation comes from visitors being coerced into excessive drinking by Chinese friends or co-workers -- persuading people to drink is a gesture of generosity and "being a good host," he says.

比尔·艾勒说，这种酒令人生畏的名声，是因为游客被中国朋友或同事强迫饮酒过量--他说，劝人喝酒是一种慷慨大方、“做个好主人”的表现。

表示“可怕的，吓人的”，等同于frightening，如：a fearsome reputation 令人生畏的名声。

🍸-some构成形容词，表示“引起（或易于）…的，有...特征的”，类似的还有：awesome，tiresome，quarrelsome（爱争吵的）......

coerce /kəʊˈɜːs/ 表示“强制；胁迫；迫使”，英文解释为“to force someone to do something they do not want to do by threatening them”举个🌰：

The court heard that the six defendants had been coerced into making a confession.

法庭在审理中发现6名被告曾受到逼供。

But Isler wants to change the way baijiu is regarded and consumed. His bar serves different types of the fiery spirit as well as baijiu cocktails.

但艾勒想改变人们对白酒的看法和消费方式。他的酒吧提供不同类型的烈酒和白酒鸡尾酒。

It's a push shared by distillers -- sales of high-end baijiu brands like Moutai have slowed as China has reined in officials' expense accounts as part of an anti-corruption drive.

这也是酒商们共同的努力--随着中国在反腐行动中对官员开支账户的控制，茅台等高端白酒品牌的销售已经放缓。

表示“烈酒生产者，烈酒生产商”，英文解释为“a person or a company that makes strong alcoholic drinks by the process of distilling”。

你没看错，茅台酒的茅台是：Moutai，而不是Maotai. 甚至说“贵州茅台”也不是Guizhou Moutai. 而是：KWEICHOW MOUTAI，不信？你看。

🍸据说，这个拼法，称作威妥玛式拼音法（Wade-Giles romanization）。

表示“抑制；控制；约束”，英文解释为“to control an emotion, activity, or situation to prevent it from becoming too powerful”举个🌰：

Reports today suggest consumers are already reining back spending.

今天发表的调查报告显示，消费者已经开始控制花销。

Thanks to China's huge population, baijiu accounts for almost a third of global spirit sales. Euromonitor International, a London-based consultancy, estimated about 5.5 billion liters, or 1.5 billion gallons of baijiu sold last year.

得益于中国庞大的人口，白酒几乎占到全球烈酒销量的三分之一。总部设在伦敦的咨询公司欧睿（Euromonitor International）估计，去年白酒销量约为55亿升，即15亿加仑。

Is baijiu poised to take over the world? 白酒是否准备征服世界？

There are signs that appreciation for baijiu is starting to spread. 有迹象表明，白酒的受欢迎程度正开始扩大。

1）表示“欣赏；理解；感谢”，英文解释为“the act of recognizing or understanding that something is valuable, important, or as described”举个🌰：

He has no appreciation of the finer things in life.

他对生活中高雅点的事物都不懂欣赏。

2）熟词僻义，表示“（价格，价值等的）上涨，增值”（increase in price, value, etc.）举个🌰：

There has been little appreciation in the value of property recently.

最近房地产价格几乎没有上涨。

Jim Boyce, a Canadian wine expert based in Beijing, is the founder of World Baijiu Day, aimed at promoting the best-selling yet little-known spirit.

在北京的加拿大葡萄酒专家吉姆·博伊斯（Jim Boyce）是“世界白酒日”（World Baijiu Day）的发起人，旨在推广这种畅销但鲜为人知的酒。

He said 30 Baijiu Day events were held in 20 cities around the world last year. Dedicated baijiu bars are now found in Liverpool and New York.

他说，去年在全球20个城市举办了30场白酒日活动。现在在利物浦和纽约都有专门的白酒酒吧。

表示“专用的，专门的”，英文解释为“You use dedicated to describe something that is made, built, or designed for one particular purpose or thing.”举个🌰：

Such areas should also be served by dedicated cycle routes. 

这些地区也应该可由自行车专用路线到达。

There are also a growing number of overseas baijiu brands. ByeJoe in the United States, Taizi in New Zealand and Dragon's Mist in Canada are milder versions of China's most eye-watering drink.

海外的白酒品牌也越来越多。美国的ByeJoe、新西兰的Taizi和加拿大的Dragon's Mist都是这款中国最受欢迎的饮品的温和版本。

表示“（在数目方面）令人极度惊讶的；令人痛苦的”，英文解释为“extremely surprising, because of being great in amount”举个🌰：

The oil giants' profits are eye-watering.

这些石油巨头的利润令人瞠目结舌。

In China, people are experimenting with baijiu too.

在中国，人们也在对白酒进行尝试。

Seminars are being held on how to pair it with food and some entrepreneurs have developed baijiu-infused ice cream, pizza and gummy bears. A chef in Beijing even created deep-fried baijiu cake.

人们正在举办关于如何将其与食物搭配的研讨会，一些企业家还开发了白酒冰激凌、披萨和小熊软糖（gummy bears）。北京的一位厨师甚至制作了油炸白酒蛋糕。

表示“油炸”，英文解释为“If you deep-fry food, you fry it in a large amount of fat or oil.”举个🌰：

Heat the oil and deep-fry the fish fillets.

把油加热后，再油炸鱼片。

The government is also promoting baijiu tourism, a Chinese version of a Bordeaux tour in Maotai, Guizhou province.

贵州省茅台市政府也在推广白酒旅游，这是中国版的波尔多（葡萄酒）之旅。

Bordeaux /bɔːrˈdoʊ/ 表示“波尔多葡萄酒（法国波尔多地区产的白葡萄酒或红葡萄酒）”，英文解释为“(a type of) red or white wine from the Bordeaux area of France”。

Boyce suggests first timers "compare and contrast" different baijiu styles side by side.

博伊斯建议初来乍到者将不同风格的白酒并排“对比”。

表示“肩并肩地；一个挨一个地”，英文解释为“next to each other”举个🌰：

The children sat side by side on the sofa watching television.

孩子们肩并肩地坐在沙发上看电视。

🎬电影《遭遇陌生人》（You Will Meet A Tall Dark Stranger）中的台词提到：And side by side, I think. They'll be really good side by side. 我觉得并排摆吧 并排摆肯定很好看。

🎬电影《指环王3：王者无敌》（The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King）中的台词提到：Never thought that I'd die fighting side by side with an elf. 从来没想过和一个精灵并肩战死。

"Just as with a flight of wine or whiskey or tequila, a flight of baijiu is bound to make you think more deeply about smells, tastes and, ultimately, preferences," he says.

“就像品尝葡萄酒（wine）、威士忌（whiskey）或龙舌兰酒（tequila）一样，白酒之旅一定会让你对气味、味道以及最终的喜好有更深入的思考，”他说。

1）be bound to表示“一定会；很可能会”，英文解释为“certain or likely to happen, or to do or be sth”举个🌰：

There are bound to be changes when the new system is introduced.

引进新系统后一定会发生变化。

2）bound表示“前往，开往”，英文解释为“If a vehicle or person is bound for a particular place, they are travelling toward it.”，通常用法：be bound for，举个🌰：

The train was bound for Hangzhou.

这火车是开往杭州的。

🍸如果你留意的话，坐地铁时会有这个用法。例如上海地铁2号线上，经常会听到的：

"Lots of people assume all baijiu is pretty much the same. Trying different styles side-by-side reveals a great deal of diversity."

“很多人认为所有的白酒都是大同小异。并排尝试不同风格的白酒，会发现大有不同。”

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