花呗借呗不得向大学生放款

近日，银保监会官网发布《关于进一步规范大学生互联网消费贷款监督管理工作的通知》。其中，《通知》 明确规定小额贷款公司不得向大学生发放互联网消费贷款。

无注释原文：

China's Youthful, Debt-Fueled Spending Spree Sparks a Reckoning

WSJ

Leading up to last year’s coronavirus pandemic, a new generation of tech-savvy and free-spending citizens helped power rising consumption, a growing driver of China’s economy.

Many used short-term loans to pay for expenses such as prestige cosmetics, electronic gadgets and costly restaurant meals. They found credit easy to obtain, thanks to Ant and other Chinese financial-technology companies that provided unsecured loans to millions of people who didn’t have bank-issued credit cards. In 2019, online loans accounted for as much as half of short-term consumer loans in China, according to estimates from Fitch Ratings.

Now, new financial regulations are forcing lenders to reassess their business strategies and have sparked a reckoning about the American-style borrowing and spending habits of China’s younger population. Starting in 2022, Ant and its peers will have to fund at least 30% of the loans they make together with banks, a rule designed to make online lenders bear more risk.

In recent weeks, a grass-roots campaign on Chinese social media dubbed “coming ashore”—a metaphor for becoming debt-free—has been gathering steam, with people sharing their experiences and regrets about overspending and borrowing.

On microblogging site Weibo and Xiaohongshu, another popular social-media platform, people have posted photos of shredded credit cards and screenshots that show them closing their online credit facilities. Some described clawing their way out of debt by reducing daily expenses and avoiding unnecessary purchases.

“A top-down crackdown on overspending has prompted a national soul-searching,” said Daniel Zhi, a partner at KPMG China.

Other Chinese outlets have also criticized fintech platforms for encouraging young people to overspend. Last month, a report from China’s central bank said the country is trying to increase domestic consumption without relying on consumer debt. Default rates for short-term loans have been low, but officials worry about risks that could arise if excessive borrowing isn’t curtailed.

Ant, which is controlled by billionaire Jack Ma, is China’s largest provider of online short-term consumer loans. The owner of the popular payments app Alipay had the equivalent of $267 billion in outstanding consumer loans as of June, making up nearly a fifth of China’s total short-term household debt.

Ant’s personal-lending services Huabei and Jiebei—meaning “just spend” and “just borrow”—were used by about half a billion Chinese citizens in the 12 months to June alone. Most of the funding has been supplied by around 100 banks and other commercial lenders Ant partners with.

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注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

China's Youthful, Debt-Fueled Spending Spree Sparks a Reckoning

WSJ

Leading up to last year's coronavirus pandemic, a new generation of tech-savvy and free-spending citizens helped power rising consumption, a growing driver of China's economy.

在去年的冠状病毒大流行之前，新一代精通技术和自由消费的公民帮助推动了消费的增长，这是中国经济不断增长的动力。

表示“为…作铺垫；是…的先导”，英文解释为“If a period of time or series of events leads up to an event or activity, it happens until that event or activity begins.”举个🌰：

The pilot had no recollection of the events leading up to the crash.

飞行员想不起飞机坠毁前发生了什么。

savvy表示“有见识的；懂实际知识的；通情达理的”，英文解释为“having practical knowledge and understanding of sth; having common sense”，tech-savvy指的就是懂技术，精通技术/科技的（knowing a lot about modern technology, especially computers），此处tech savvy consumers指的就是现在网购普及，擅长用手机/电脑在网上进行购物消费的消费者们。

🎬电影《爱情、婚礼和婚姻》（Love, Wedding, Marriage）中的台词提到：if you're gonna be gone for six months, you need to be internet email savvy. 如果你要离开半年 你得精通互联网电子邮件。

Many used short-term loans to pay for expenses such as prestige cosmetics, electronic gadgets and costly restaurant meals. They found credit easy to obtain, thanks to Ant and other Chinese financial-technology companies that provided unsecured loans to millions of people who didn't have bank-issued credit cards. In 2019, online loans accounted for as much as half of short-term consumer loans in China, according to estimates from Fitch Ratings.

许多人利用短期贷款来支付名贵化妆品、电子产品和昂贵的餐馆餐饮等费用。他们发现信贷很容易获得，这要归功于蚂蚁和其他中国金融科技公司，它们向数百万没有银行发行的信用卡的人提供无抵押贷款。根据惠誉评级公司（Fitch Ratings）的估计，2019年，在线贷款占中国短期消费贷款的一半之多。

prestige /prɛˈstiːʒ/ 1）作名词，表示“威信；声望；威望”，英文解释为“the respect and admiration that sb/sth has because of their social position, or what they have done”举个🌰：

There is a lot of prestige attached to owning a car like this.

拥有这样一部汽车会显得很气派。

2）作形容词，表示“名贵的；贵重的；讲究派头的”，英文解释为“admired and respected because it looks important and expensive”如：a prestige car 豪华的汽车。

cosmetic /kɒzˈmɛtɪk/本身也可以作形容词，1）表示“装饰门面的，虚饰的，表面的”，英文解释为“Cosmetic changes, etc. are intended to make you believe that something is better when, really, the problem has not been solved.” 举个🌰：

They were offered a few cosmetic improvements to their working conditions, but nothing of significance.

表面上他们的工作环境有所改善，但并没有实质上的改变。

2）表示“整容的”，英文解释为“connected with medical treatment that is intended to improve a person's appearance”如：cosmetic surgery 整容外科。

3）作名词，通常复数cosmetics，表示“化妆品；美容品”（a substance that you put on your face or body to make it more attractive），如：the cosmetics industry 化妆品行业，a cosmetic company 化妆品公司，cosmetic products 化妆产品。

表示“小器械，小装置，小器具”，英文解释为“A gadget is a small machine or device which does something useful. You sometimes refer to something as a gadget when you are suggesting that it is complicated and unnecessary.”

表示“无担保的（贷款或债务）”，英文解释为“Unsecured is used to describe loans or debts that are not guaranteed by a particular asset such as a person's home.”

Now, new financial regulations are forcing lenders to reassess their business strategies and have sparked a reckoning about the American-style borrowing and spending habits of China's younger population. Starting in 2022, Ant and its peers will have to fund at least 30% of the loans they make together with banks, a rule designed to make online lenders bear more risk.

如今，新的金融监管迫使贷款机构重新评估其经营策略，并引发了对中国年轻群体的美国式借贷和消费习惯的盘算。从2022年开始，蚂蚁及其同行将不得不与银行一起为至少30%的贷款提供资金，这一规定旨在让网贷机构承担更多风险。

1）表示“估计；估算；计算”，英文解释为“the act of calculating sth, especially in a way that is not very exact”举个🌰：

By my reckoning you still owe me ￥100.

我算计着，你还欠我100元。

2）表示“最后审判日；算总账”，英文解释为“a time when sb's actions will be judged to be right or wrong and they may be punished”举个🌰：In the final reckoning truth is rewarded.

在最后算总账的时候，诚实的人会有好报。

In recent weeks, a grass-roots campaign on Chinese social media dubbed “coming ashore”—a metaphor for becoming debt-free—has been gathering steam, with people sharing their experiences and regrets about overspending and borrowing.

最近几周，中国社交媒体上一场被称为“上岸”（coming ashore）的民间运动--比喻成为无债之人，正在兴起，人们分享了他们对超前消费和借贷的经历和遗憾。

表示“（组织、运动的）基层”，英文解释为“The grassroots of an organization or movement are the ordinary people who form the main part of it, rather than its leaders.”

metaphor /ˈmɛtəfə/ 表示“暗喻；隐喻”，英文解释为“a word or phrase used to describe sb/sth else, in a way that is different from its normal use, in order to show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful, for example  She has a heart of stone ; the use of such words and phrases”如：a game of football used as a metaphor for the competitive struggle of life 用来喻指生活中的激烈斗争的一场足球比赛。

gain/gather steam英文解释为“to increase in strength, force, or energy”，指的是在力量，能量，势头等方面得到增强，就像蒸汽机车的火车头得到蒸汽助推一样，“愈演愈烈，不断高涨”。

On microblogging site Weibo and Xiaohongshu, another popular social-media platform, people have posted photos of shredded credit cards and screenshots that show them closing their online credit facilities. Some described clawing their way out of debt by reducing daily expenses and avoiding unnecessary purchases.

在微博和另一个流行的社交媒体平台小红书上，人们贴出了被剪碎的信用卡的照片和关闭网贷的截图。一些人介绍说，他们通过减少日常开支和避免不必要的购物来抓紧摆脱债务。

表示“切碎；撕碎”，英文解释为“If you shred something such as food or paper, you cut it or tear it into very small, narrow pieces.”举个🌰：

They may be shredding documents.

他们也许正在粉碎那些文件。

claw your way out of sth, to sth, etc.表示“努力逐步获得；艰难地移动”，英文解释为“to gradually achieve sth or move somewhere by using a lot of determination and effort”举个🌰：

She clawed her way to the top of her profession.

她拼死拼活地爬到了她职业的顶峰。

“A top-down crackdown on overspending has prompted a national soul-searching,” said Daniel Zhi, a partner at KPMG China.

“自上而下打击超前消费，促使国民进行反思。”毕马威中国合伙人Daniel Zhi表示。

表示“反省；内省”，英文解释为“the careful examination of your thoughts and feelings, for example in order to reach the correct decision or solution to sth”

Other Chinese outlets have also criticized fintech platforms for encouraging young people to overspend. Last month, a report from China's central bank said the country is trying to increase domestic consumption without relying on consumer debt. Default rates for short-term loans have been low, but officials worry about risks that could arise if excessive borrowing isn't curtailed.

其他中国媒体也批评金融科技平台鼓励年轻人超前消费。上个月，中国央行的一份报告称，中国正试图在不依赖消费债务的情况下增加国内消费。短期贷款的违约率一直很低，但官员们担心，如果不限制过度借贷，可能会出现风险。

outlet/outlets一词经常出现，media outlet / news outlets 都可以表示媒体/新闻机构；

outlet本身表示“商店，商行；销售公司；专卖店；直销店”，英文解释为“An outlet is a shop or organization which sells the goods made by a particular manufacturer or at a discount price, often direct from the manufacturer.”如：a fast-food outlet 快餐店 a retail outlet 零售店，举个🌰：

At the factory outlet you'll find discounted items at up to 75% off regular prices. 

在工厂的直销店里，你会找到比常规价低75%的打折商品。

📍而我们日常生活中常见的“奥特莱斯”商场就是outlets的音译，指的就是品牌直销购物中心。

表示“限制；缩短；减缩”，英文解释为“to limit sth or make it last for a shorter time”举个🌰：

Spending on books has been severely curtailed.

购书开支已被大大削减。

Ant, which is controlled by billionaire Jack Ma, is China's largest provider of online short-term consumer loans. The owner of the popular payments app Alipay had the equivalent of $267 billion in outstanding consumer loans as of June, making up nearly a fifth of China's total short-term household debt.

由亿万富翁马云控制的蚂蚁是中国最大的在线短期消费贷款提供商。截至6月，这家热门支付应用支付宝的所有者拥有相当于2670亿美元的未偿还消费贷款，占中国家庭短期债务总额的近五分之一。

熟词僻义，表示“未支付的；未解决的；未完成的”，英文解释为“not yet paid, solved, or done”举个🌰：

There are still a couple of problems outstanding.

还有几个问题没有解决。

Ant's personal-lending services Huabei and Jiebei—meaning “just spend” and “just borrow”—were used by about half a billion Chinese citizens in the 12 months to June alone. Most of the funding has been supplied by around 100 banks and other commercial lenders Ant partners with.

蚂蚁的个人贷款服务“花呗”和“借呗”--意为“随便花”和“随便借”--仅在截至6月的12个月内，就有约5亿中国公民使用。大部分资金由蚂蚁合作的约100家银行和其他商业贷款机构提供。

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