知网涉嫌垄断被立案调查

近日，市场监管总局根据前期核查，依法对知网涉嫌实施垄断行为立案调查。

上个月，中科院因续订费用高涨而停用中国知网的消息在网络流传。

无注释原文：

China launches antitrust probe into country's largest academic database

Reuters

China’s market regulator said on Friday it had launched an antitrust investigation into the country’s largest online academic database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI).

The State Administration for Market Regulation published the announcement on its website. It did not provide further details.

CNKI, whose parent company is Tsinghua Tongfang, a Chinese state-owned software company linked to China’s elite Tsinghua University, said in a statement on WeChat it would cooperate fully with the probe and it would take it as an opportunity to carry out a self-examination.

CNKI came under scrutiny last month after local media reported China’s top research group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said it would suspend its use of CNKI, citing high subscription fees.

The South China Morning Post said that over the past decade at least six Chinese universities suspended the use of CNKI over its fee increases.

CNKI said on its website that at end-2017 it had the world’s largest readership, with more than 20 million individual users and an average daily retrieval volume of over 10 million.

Asked about the controversy over CNKI fees, Tsinghua Tongfang told investors on Monday that both it and CNKI were aware of “public opinion” and that CNKI was looking to improve and make rectifications to its business model.

Top research body cuts use of China’s largest online academic database over steep fees

SCMP

19 Apr, 2022

China’s top research organisation, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), will suspend its use of the country’s biggest online academic database because of its hefty annual subscription fee.

A notice issued by CAS’ National Science Library earlier this month said it had covered the academy’s subscription fees to CNKI, or China National Knowledge Infrastructure, since 2008 but the fees had been rising steeply every year based on CNKI’s influence in the market, according to Hongxing News, an online news service also known as Red Star News.

“In 2021, the total cost of the CNKI database for CAS reached 10 million yuan (US$1.5 million) which accounted for a ‘giant’ part of CAS’ subscription resources … In 2022, the two sides had active discussions in terms of costs and subscription models, but after many rounds of tough negotiations, CNKI still insisted on a renewal fee close to 10 million yuan,” the notice said.

On Friday, the library said it would not renew the CNKI subscription and access to the database would cease on Thursday, according to the report.

A library staff member confirmed the news to the media and said the library would replace CNKI with other research databases, such as Wanfang Data or Cqvip.com.

It is uncertain if or when the academy would resume its subscription, but “at least this year we don’t have a plan”, the employee said.

A researcher at CAS who said he no longer used CNKI because most of his work involved English-language research, said he was not told about the suspension.

Launched in 1999 by Tsinghua University and its subsidiaries, CNKI has near-monopoly status in China.

It has more than 280 million academic articles and 9,305 journals. Over 40 per cent of the material is drawn from exclusively authorised journals, according to its website.

CNKI has long been criticised for its monolithic status and expensive subscription fees. Over the past decade, at least six Chinese universities have suspended the use of CNKI because of the rapid rise in fees.

Wuhan University of Technology Library said in 2016 the CNKI subscription increased by a massive 132 per cent between 2010 and 2016, with an average annual increase of 19 per cent.

To defend the rights of the university, it negotiated firmly with the database, the library said. But just 11 days after the notice was issued in 2016, the university said it would resume its subscription.

CNKI lost a legal battle over copyright infringement in December after an 89-year-old retired professor accused the database of collecting more than 160 of his articles without his permission.

The lawsuit was started in 2019 after Zhao Dexin, who taught economic history in Wuhan, found his papers, which were first published in journals, were acquired by CNKI without his knowledge, he was not paid for them and he had to pay to download them.

The Beijing Intellectual Property Court ordered CNKI to remove Zhao’s papers, pay him more than 700,000 yuan in compensation and issue an apology on its website.

Ni Jing, an associate professor at East China University of Political Science and Law in Shanghai, said CNKI had a problem with fair competition in the market.

“CNKI has the most comprehensive content … The biggest problem is that it has become the only comprehensive database. Under this situation, regardless of the costs or fees, there is a problem from the perspective of fair competition in the market,” she said.

- ◆ -

注：中文文本为机器翻译仅供参考，并非一一对应

含注释全文：

China launches antitrust probe into country's largest academic database

Reuters

China’s market regulator said on Friday it had launched an antitrust investigation into the country’s largest online academic database, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI).

中国市场监管部门周五表示，已经对中国最大的在线学术数据库--中国知识基础设施工程（CNKI）进行了反垄断调查。

表示“反垄断的”，英文解释为“In the United States, antitrust laws are intended to stop big companies taking over their competitors, fixing prices with their competitors, or interfering with free competition in any way.”

在恏渏 亾類哋夲能文中提到了probe作名词有“探索；探查；查究；调查”的意思，英文解释为“an attempt to discover information by asking a lot of questions”，如：an FBI probe into corruption 联邦调查局对腐败的调查；也可以指“（医生或科学家用的）探针”，英文解释为“a long thin metal instrument that doctors and scientists use to examine parts of the body”。

📍probe还可以解释为“探测器”，英文解释为：a device that is put inside something to test or record information. 如：a space probe 航天探测器/太空探测器。

🎬电影《像素大战》（Pixels）中的台词提到：That videotape will be placed in a space probe 录影带将放在太空探测器中。

表示“基础设施”，英文解释为“the basic systems and services, such as transport and power supplies, that a country or organization uses in order to work effectively”举个🌰：

The war has badly damaged the country's infrastructure.

战争严重破坏了该国的基础设施。

The State Administration for Market Regulation published the announcement on its website. It did not provide further details.

国家市场监管总局在其网站上发布了该公告，没有提供进一步的细节。

CNKI, whose parent company is Tsinghua Tongfang, a Chinese state-owned software company linked to China’s elite Tsinghua University, said in a statement on WeChat it would cooperate fully with the probe and it would take it as an opportunity to carry out a self-examination.

知网CNKI的母公司是清华同方，一家与中国顶尖大学清华大学有关的国有软件公司。知网在微信上发表声明说，它将全面配合调查，并将以此为契机进行自我检查。

表示“母公司，总公司”，英文解释为“a company that controls other smaller companies”

elite /iˈliːt/ 作形容词，表示“（社会）上层集团的；掌权人物的；精英的；出类拔萃的，精锐的”，英文解释为“belonging to the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society”；

作名词，表示“（社会）上层集团；掌权人物；出类拔萃的人，精英”，英文解释为“the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society”如：the country's educated elite 这个国家受过良好教育的精英。

CNKI came under scrutiny last month after local media reported China’s top research group, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said it would suspend its use of CNKI, citing high subscription fees.

上个月，当地媒体报道中国顶级研究机构--中科院（Chinese Academy of Sciences）表示将暂停使用知网，理由是订阅费用太高，之后知网受到了审查。

scrutiny /ˈskruːtɪnɪ/表示“细看，仔细审查；监视”，英文解释为“the careful and detailed examination of something in order to get information about it”举个🌰：

His private life came under media scrutiny.

他的私生活开始受到媒体的密切关注。

1）表示“（因犯错而）暂令停职；暂令停学；暂令停止参加活动”，英文解释为“If someone is suspended from work, school, etc., they are temporarily not allowed to work, go to school, or take part in an activity because of having done something wrong.”举个🌰：

He was suspended for four games after arguing with the referee.

跟裁判发生争执之后，他被停赛4场。

2）表示“暂停”，英文解释为“If you suspend something, you delay it or stop it from happening for a while or until a decision is made about it”举个🌰：

The union suspended the action this week.

工会本周暂停了这一行动。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述英国房价上涨的文章中提到：Britain has temporarily suspended stamp duty, a tax on buying houses. 英国已经暂停征收购房印花税。

表示“（报刊等的）订阅费，订购款，订阅，订购”，英文解释为“an amount of money you pay, usually once a year, to receive regular copies of a newspaper or magazine, etc.; the act of paying this money”如：an annual subscription 一年期订阅。

The South China Morning Post said that over the past decade at least six Chinese universities suspended the use of CNKI over its fee increases.

《南华早报》（The South China Morning Post）称，在过去十年中，至少有六所中国大学因知网收费上涨而暂停使用。

CNKI said on its website that at end-2017 it had the world’s largest readership, with more than 20 million individual users and an average daily retrieval volume of over 10 million.

知网在其网站上说，截至2017年底，知网拥有全球最大的读者群，个人用户超过2000万，日均检索量超过1000万。

retrieval /rɪˈtriː.vəl/ 1）表示“取回；索回”，英文解释为“the process of getting sth back, especially from a place where it should not be”举个🌰：

By then the situation was beyond retrieval (= impossible to put right).

到那时，局势已无法挽回。

2）表示“数据检索”，英文解释为“the process of getting back information that is stored on a computer”。

volume /ˈvɒl.juːm/ 1）表示“总数；总量；总额”，英文解释为“the number or amount of something in general”举个🌰：

It's the sheer volume of traffic in the city that is causing the problems.

造成这些问题的就是城里的交通流量。

2）表示“容积；体积；容量”，英文解释为“the amount of space that is contained within an object or solid shape”举个🌰：

Which of these bottles do you think has the greater volume?

你认为这些瓶子中哪个容积最大？

Asked about the controversy over CNKI fees, Tsinghua Tongfang told investors on Monday that both it and CNKI were aware of “public opinion” and that CNKI was looking to improve and make rectifications to its business model.

在被问及有关知网收费的争议时，清华同方周一告诉投资者，它和知网都已关注道“舆情”，知网正在寻求改善，并对其经营模式进行整改。

表示“争议；争论；争辩”，英文解释为“a lot of disagreement or argument about something, usually because it affects or is important to many people”举个🌰：

There was a big controversy surrounding/over the use of drugs in athletics.

体育界对使用违禁药物争议很大。

表示“矫正，改正”，英文解释为“The rectification of something that is wrong is the act of changing it to make it correct or satisfactory.”

Top research body cuts use of China’s largest online academic database over steep fees

SCMP

19 Apr, 2022

China’s top research organisation, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), will suspend its use of the country’s biggest online academic database because of its hefty annual subscription fee.

中国的顶级研究机构--中国科学院（CAS）将暂停使用该国最大的在线学术数据库，因为其每年的订阅费用很高。

1）表示“（上升或下降）急剧的，大起大落的”，英文解释为“A steep rise or fall is one that goes very quickly from low to high or from high to low.”举个🌰：

There has been a steep increase/rise in prices.

物价飞涨。

2）表示“（斜坡）陡的，陡峭的”，英文解释为“(of a slope) rising or falling at a sharp angle”如：a steep slope 陡坡。

表示“（尤指金钱）大量的，巨额的”，英文解释为“a hefty amount of something, especially money, is very large”，如：a hefty fine 巨额罚款。

📍也可以指“高大健壮的；笨重的”（big and heavy），如：a tall hefty man 一个高大健壮的男人；以及“用力的，重重的”（a hefty blow, kick etc is done using a lot of force），如：a hefty shove 一记猛推。

A notice issued by CAS’ National Science Library earlier this month said it had covered the academy’s subscription fees to CNKI, or China National Knowledge Infrastructure, since 2008 but the fees had been rising steeply every year based on CNKI’s influence in the market, according to Hongxing News, an online news service also known as Red Star News.

据在线新闻服务红星新闻报道，本月初，中国科学院文献情报中心（National Science Library）发布的一份通知称，自2008年以来，该中心承担了该院对CNKI（即中国国家知识基础设施工程）的订阅费用，但基于CNKI在市场上的影响力，该费用每年都在急剧上升。

“In 2021, the total cost of the CNKI database for CAS reached 10 million yuan (US$1.5 million) which accounted for a ‘giant’ part of CAS’ subscription resources … In 2022, the two sides had active discussions in terms of costs and subscription models, but after many rounds of tough negotiations, CNKI still insisted on a renewal fee close to 10 million yuan,” the notice said.

“2021年，中科院集团CNKI数据库的总费用达到千万级别（150万美元），该数据库高昂的订购费用已成为中科院集团资源引进中的'巨无霸'......2022年，双方就费用和订购模式展开积极讨论，但在多轮艰苦谈判后，CNKI数据库依然坚持接近千万的续订费用，”通知说。

表示“（在数量上）占”，英文解释为“to form the total of something”举个🌰：

Students account for the vast majority of our customers.

我们的顾客绝大多数是学生。

表示“坚持说，强调；坚决要求”，英文解释为“to say firmly or demand forcefully, especially when others disagree with or oppose what you say”举个🌰：

He still insists (that) he did nothing wrong.

他仍坚称自己没有做错任何事。

On Friday, the library said it would not renew the CNKI subscription and access to the database would cease on Thursday, according to the report.

据报道，周五，中科院文献情报中心表示将不再续订CNKI，并将于周四起停止对该数据库的访问。

表示“停止，中止”，英文解释为“to stop something”举个🌰：

The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year.

公司决定从明年开始停止一切在英国的业务活动。

A library staff member confirmed the news to the media and said the library would replace CNKI with other research databases, such as Wanfang Data or Cqvip.com.

一位工作人员向媒体证实了这一消息，并表示文献情报中心将用其他研究数据库取代CNKI，如万方数据或维普。

It is uncertain if or when the academy would resume its subscription, but “at least this year we don’t have a plan”, the employee said.

目前还不确定中科院是否或何时会恢复订阅，但“至少今年我们没有计划”，这位工作人员说。

1）表示“（中断后）继续，重新开始”，英文解释为“If an activity resumes, or if you resume it, it starts again after a pause.”举个🌰：

Normal services will be resumed in the spring.

春天将恢复正常服务。

2）表示“恢复；重新回到，重返（某地或某位置）”，英文解释为“If you resume a place or position that you have left for a period of time, you return to it.”如：to resume your post/job 重返工作岗位 举个🌰：

Please resume your seats, as the performance will continue in two minutes.

请大家回到自己的座位上去，两分钟后演出继续。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情之下学生上课问题的文章中提到复课就用的resume classes：As well as letting final-year secondary-school students facing exams resume classes, Denmark has also begun to reopen crèches and primary schools. 丹麦除了让面临毕业考试的中学毕业班复课外，还开始逐步重开幼儿园和小学。

A researcher at CAS who said he no longer used CNKI because most of his work involved English-language research, said he was not told about the suspension.

中科院的一位研究人员说，他不再使用CNKI，因为他的大部分工作涉及英语研究，他说他没有被告知暂停。

Launched in 1999 by Tsinghua University and its subsidiaries, CNKI has near-monopoly status in China.

CNKI由清华大学及其子公司于1999年推出，在中国具有近乎垄断的地位。

subsidiary /səbˈsɪd.i.ə.ri/ 表示“子公司；附属公司”，英文解释为“A subsidiary or a subsidiary company is a company which is part of a larger and more important company.”

monopoly /məˈnɒpəlɪ/ 表示“垄断；专营服务；被垄断的商品（或服务）”，英文解释为“the complete control of trade in particular goods or the supply of a particular service; a type of goods or a service that is controlled in this way”举个🌰：

Electricity, gas and water were considered to be natural monopolies.

电、煤气和水垄断经营过去被认为是理所当然的。 

It has more than 280 million academic articles and 9,305 journals. Over 40 per cent of the material is drawn from exclusively authorised journals, according to its website.

它拥有超过2.8亿篇学术文章和9,305种期刊。根据其网站，超过40%的文献来自独家授权的期刊。

表示“仅仅；专门；单独”，相当于only，举个🌰：

This offer is available exclusively to our established customers.

只有本店老客户才能享受这一优惠价。

authorise /ˈɔːθəraɪz/ 表示“批准，准许；授权，委托”，英文解释为“to give official permission for something to happen, or to give someone official permission to do something”举个🌰：

I authorised my bank to pay her ￥1,000.

我授权我的开户银行支付她1000元。

CNKI has long been criticised for its monolithic status and expensive subscription fees. Over the past decade, at least six Chinese universities have suspended the use of CNKI because of the rapid rise in fees.

长期以来，CNKI因其一家独大且昂贵的订阅费用而受到批评。在过去的十年中，至少有六所中国大学因为费用的快速上涨而暂停使用CNKI。

monolithic /ˌmɒn.əˈlɪθ.ɪk/ 表示“庞大的；大一统的”，英文解释为“too large, too regular, or without interesting differences, and unwilling or unable to be changed”如：monolithic state-run organizations 庞大的国营机构。

Wuhan University of Technology Library said in 2016 the CNKI subscription increased by a massive 132 per cent between 2010 and 2016, with an average annual increase of 19 per cent.

武汉理工大学图书馆在2016年表示，2010年至2016年期间，CNKI的订阅费用大幅增加了132%，平均每年增加19%。

To defend the rights of the university, it negotiated firmly with the database, the library said. But just 11 days after the notice was issued in 2016, the university said it would resume its subscription.

图书馆说，为了维护大学的权利，它与该数据库进行了坚决的谈判。但在2016年通知发出后仅11天，该大学就表示将恢复订阅。

1）表示“保护，防卫；为…辩护”，英文解释为“to protect someone or something against attack or criticism; to speak in favour of someone or something”举个🌰：

They are fighting to defend their beliefs/interests/rights.

他们在为捍卫自己的信仰／利益／权利而战。

2）表示“（在法庭上）为…辩护，当…的辩护律师”，英文解释为“to act as a lawyer for someone who has been accused of something in a court of law and try to prove that they are not guilty”举个🌰：

I can't afford a lawyer, so I shall defend myself (= argue my own case in a court of law).

我请不起律师，所以我将在法庭上自辩。

3）表示“（运动比赛中）卫冕；蝉联冠军”，英文解释为“to compete in a sports competition that you won before and try to win it again”举个🌰：

He will defend his 1,500 metre title this weekend.

他会在周末1500米比赛中争取卫冕。

4）表示“（在体育比赛中）防守，防卫”，英文解释为“to try to prevent the opposing player or players from scoring points, goals, etc. in a sport”举个🌰：

In the last ten minutes of the game, we needed to defend.

我们得在比赛的最后十分钟内进行防守。

CNKI lost a legal battle over copyright infringement in December after an 89-year-old retired professor accused the database of collecting more than 160 of his articles without his permission.

在一位89岁的退休教授指控该数据库未经他的许可收集了他的160多篇文章后，CNKI在12月的版权侵权法律战中败北。

表示“版权，著作权”，英文解释为“the legal right to control the production and selling of a book, play, film, photograph, or piece of music”

infringement /ɪnˈfrɪndʒ.mənt/ 表示“违反，违背（规定、法律等）”，英文解释为“an action that breaks a rule, law, etc.”如：copyright infringement 侵犯版权。

The lawsuit was started in 2019 after Zhao Dexin, who taught economic history in Wuhan, found his papers, which were first published in journals, were acquired by CNKI without his knowledge, he was not paid for them and he had to pay to download them.

在武汉经济史教授赵德新发现自己先发表于期刊上的论文在不知情的情况下被CNKI收录，而他没有得到报酬，而且还得付费下载，于是于2019年提起诉讼。

The Beijing Intellectual Property Court ordered CNKI to remove Zhao’s papers, pay him more than 700,000 yuan in compensation and issue an apology on its website.

北京知识产权法院责令知网删除赵德新教授的论文，向他支付70多万元的赔偿，并在其网站上发表道歉声明。

compensation /ˌkɒmpɛnˈseɪʃən/ 表示“补偿（或赔偿）物；（尤指）赔偿金，补偿金；赔偿”，英文解释为“If something is some compensation for something bad that has happened, it makes you feel better.”举个🌰：

He gained some compensation for her earlier defeat by winning the final open class.

他通过赢得公开赛的决赛获得了对先前失利的一些补偿。

Ni Jing, an associate professor at East China University of Political Science and Law in Shanghai, said CNKI had a problem with fair competition in the market.

上海华东政法大学（ECUPSL）副教授倪静表示，知网在市场公平竞争方面存在问题。

“CNKI has the most comprehensive content … The biggest problem is that it has become the only comprehensive database. Under this situation, regardless of the costs or fees, there is a problem from the perspective of fair competition in the market,” she said.

“CNKI拥有最全面的内容......最大的问题是，它已经成为唯一的综合数据库。在这种情况下，无论成本或费用如何，从市场公平竞争的角度来看都有问题，”她说。

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