研究表明平时不运动，周末集中锻炼一样好？

去年，巴西圣保罗联邦大学（Federal University of São Paulo）的研究表明，工作日没时间锻炼，只在周末锻炼仍可降低早逝风险。

近日，美国麻省总医院（Massachusetts General Hospital）研究人员的最新研究得出了类似结论：如果你能在周末锻炼至少150分钟，那么你可能就不需要在工作日内额外锻炼了。

该研究表明，每周集中一到两天进行锻炼，对心脏健康的好处与在一周内分散进行锻炼的好处一样。

🤔️小作业：

1. What does Dr. Shaan Khurshid emphasize regarding the approach to achieving exercise benefits?

A) The need for a structured daily exercise routine.

B) The importance of consistency in workout intensity.

C) The preference for outdoor activities over gym workouts.

D) The flexibility in how one attains their exercise goals.

A) Frequent short walks throughout the day.

B) High-intensity interval training.

C) Utilizing time on the weekend to workout.

D) Diet-based health strategies.

无注释原文：

Skipping weekday workouts? Weekend-only exercise offers similar benefits, study finds

From: CBS NEWS

For many people, weekdays mean a lot of work and not a lot of time for working out. But according to recent research, you may not need to exercise during the week if you work out for at least 150 minutes over the weekend.

The study, published in JAMA, the journal of the American Medical Association, followed almost 90,000 people, and found that moderate to vigorous activity, concentrated during one or two days a week, offers similar cardiovascular benefits to a similar amount of exercise spread throughout the week.

"I think it's empowering to say it doesn't matter so much how you get it. The important thing is that you do get it," says Dr. Shaan Khurshid, a cardiologist at Massachusetts General Hospital, who led the study. 

Whether it's a weekend run, bike ride, soccer match or a brisk walk — it all counts.

"As a physician, there's frequently kind of a rule of thumb that we say, you know, 30 minutes, five days a week," Khurshid says. "It makes sense in certain schedules, but that is also very difficult to achieve for other people who only have the weekend available or only have one or two days a week."

The research is also great news for weekend warriors like Kathy Odds, who meets up with a running group on Saturdays.

"I work for a bank, so it's a pretty long day most days. So finding the times to fit exercising can be tricky," she told CBS News. "What I love most about the weekend exercise (is) the opportunity to socialize. So not only is it my physical well-being that I'm looking after,  it's also my mental well-being."

Utilizing time on the weekend to workout can also help when the days get shorter and darker sooner.

Other research, however, has shown benefits of less intense but more frequent movement, especially for those who sit a lot during the workday.

Dr. Keith Diaz, an exercise physiologist at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, previously told CBS News his research found quick strolls throughout the day could go a long way for your health. 

"We found a five-minute light walk every half-hour offset many of the harms from sitting," he says. Spending too much time sitting can increase the risk for heart disease, diabetes and even some forms of cancer.

- ◆ -

注：完整题目见本文开头；中文文本为机器翻译并非一一对应，仅供参考

含注释全文：

Skipping weekday workouts? Weekend-only exercise offers similar benefits, study finds

From: CBS NEWS

For many people, weekdays mean a lot of work and not a lot of time for working out. But according to recent research, you may not need to exercise during the week if you work out for at least 150 minutes over the weekend.

对许多人而言，工作日意味着工作繁忙，没有太多时间锻炼。但最新研究表明，如果你能在周末锻炼至少150分钟，那么你可能就不需要在工作日内额外锻炼了。

1）表示“锻炼身体”，英文解释为“to exercise in order to improve the strength or appearance of your body”举个🌰：He works out in the gym two or three times a week. 他每周在健身房锻炼两三次。

2）表示“发生；发展；进展顺利”，英文解释为“To happen or develop in a particular way; If a situation works out well or works out, it happens or progresses in a satisfactory way.”举个🌰：Let's hope this new job works out well for him. 希望这项新工作会非常适合他。Things just didn't work out as planned. 事情没有像计划的那样进展顺利。

The study, published in JAMA, the journal of the American Medical Association, followed almost 90,000 people, and found that moderate to vigorous activity, concentrated during one or two days a week, offers similar cardiovascular benefits to a similar amount of exercise spread throughout the week.

这项发表在《美国医学会杂志》（JAMA）的研究对近9万人进行了追踪调查，发现每周集中在一到两天进行的中度到剧烈运动对心血管的益处，与整周分散进行类似运动量带来的益处相似。

moderate /ˈmɒd.ər.ət/ 1）表示“中等的；不过分的，适度的”，英文解释为“neither small nor large in size, amount, degree, or strength”举个🌰：The cabin is of moderate size - just right for a small family. 这间小屋中等大小——正适合一个小家庭。

2）表示“（尤指政见）温和的，不激烈的，不偏激的”，英文解释为“Moderate opinions, especially political ones, are not extreme and are therefore acceptable to a large number of people.”

vigorous /ˈvɪɡ.ər.əs/ 1）表示“充满活力的；有力量的；精力旺盛的”，英文解释为“very forceful or energetic”如：a vigorous debate 激烈的辩论。

2）表示“健壮的；强壮的”，英文解释为“healthy and strong”举个🌰：Cutting the bush back in the autumn will help promote vigorous growth in the spring. 秋天将灌木丛剪短有利于它在春天茁壮生长。

concentrated /ˈkɒn.sən.treɪ.tɪd/ 1）表示“专心致志的；全神贯注的；全力以赴的”，英文解释为“using a lot of effort to succeed at one particular thing”举个🌰：The company is making a concentrated effort to broaden its market. 公司正全力以赴开拓市场。

2）表示“浓缩的”，英文解释为“having had some liquid removed”如：concentrated orange juice 浓缩橙汁。

3）表示“密集的；集中的”，英文解释为“if something exists or happens in a concentrated way, there is a lot of it in one place or at one time”如：concentrated gunfire 密集的炮火。

cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdɪəʊˈvæskjʊlə/ 表示“心血管的”，英文解释为“Cardiovascular means relating to the heart and blood vessels.”举个🌰：Smoking places you at serious risk of cardiovascular and respiratory disease. 吸烟会严重增加罹患心血管和呼吸道疾病的风险。

"I think it's empowering to say it doesn't matter so much how you get it. The important thing is that you do get it," says Dr. Shaan Khurshid, a cardiologist at Massachusetts General Hospital, who led the study.

“告诉人们获得锻炼的方式并不那么重要，我认为这是鼓舞人心的观点。重要的是确保你进行了锻炼，”该研究的领头人、麻省总医院（Massachusetts General Hospital）心脏病专家肖恩·库尔希德博士（Dr. Shaan Khurshid）表示。

empowering /ɪmˈpaʊə.rɪŋ/ 表示“使有自主感的；使感到有自立能力的；增强自信的”，英文解释为“Something that is empowering makes you more confident and makes you feel that you are in control of your life.”举个🌰：For me, learning to drive was an empowering experience. 对我来说，学习驾驶是一次让自己更自主自立的经历。

cardiologist /ˌkɑː.diˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ 表示“心脏病专家”，英文解释为“a doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the heart”

Whether it's a weekend run, bike ride, soccer match or a brisk walk — it all counts.

无论是周末跑步、骑自行车、踢足球比赛还是快步走——这些都有效。

brisk walk 表示「快步走」，一种有氧运动，比普通步行速度快，但不至于跑步。

brisk /brɪsk/ 表示“轻快的，生气勃勃的”，英文解释为“quick, energetic, and active”如：a brisk walk 轻快的步伐。

"As a physician, there's frequently kind of a rule of thumb that we say, you know, 30 minutes, five days a week," Khurshid says. "It makes sense in certain schedules, but that is also very difficult to achieve for other people who only have the weekend available or only have one or two days a week."

库尔希德博士说：“作为医生，我们通常会建议每周五天，每天锻炼30分钟。这对某些人的日程安排可能可行，但对只有周末或一周只有一两天时间的人来说，这样的锻炼计划可能难以实现。”

physician /fɪˈzɪʃ.ən/ 表示“医生;（尤指）内科医生”，英文解释为“a medical doctor, especially one who has general skill and is not a surgeon”

表示“实用的估测方法；经验之谈；经验法则”，英文解释为“a practical and approximate way of doing or measuring something”举个🌰：A good rule of thumb is that a portion of rice is two handfuls. 有个方便实用的估算方法，即两把生米便是够一人吃的量。

The research is also great news for weekend warriors like Kathy Odds, who meets up with a running group on Saturdays.

这项研究对像凯西·奥兹（Kathy Odds）这样的周末运动爱好者来说是个好消息，她每周六都会参加一个跑步小组。

表示“周末勇士，周末武士（仅在周末外出参加活动的人，尤指室内工作者）”，英文解释为“a person who takes part in a particular activity only at weekends”举个🌰：The article examines sports-related injuries in weekend warriors. 本文探讨“周末勇士”的运动损伤问题。

"I work for a bank, so it's a pretty long day most days. So finding the times to fit exercising can be tricky," she told CBS News. "What I love most about the weekend exercise (is) the opportunity to socialize. So not only is it my physical well-being that I'm looking after,  it's also my mental well-being."

“我在银行工作，每天工作时间都很长，因此找到适合锻炼的时间非常困难，”她在接受哥伦比亚广播公司新闻频道（CBS NEWS）采访时表示。“我最喜欢周末锻炼的地方（是）有机会社交，这样，我不仅能改善身体健康，还改善心理健康。”

tricky /ˈtrɪk.i/ 表示“难办的；难对付的”，英文解释为“If a piece of work or problem is tricky, it is difficult to deal with and needs careful attention or skill.”举个🌰：I'm in a tricky situation - whatever I do I'll offend someone. 我的处境真有点儿难办——我无论怎么做都会得罪人。

Utilizing time on the weekend to workout can also help when the days get shorter and darker sooner.

利用周末时间进行锻炼还有助于应对日照时间变短、天黑更早的日子。

Other research, however, has shown benefits of less intense but more frequent movement, especially for those who sit a lot during the workday.

不过，其他研究表明，对于工作日需长时间久坐的人来说，频繁但强度较低的运动也有益处。

Dr. Keith Diaz, an exercise physiologist at Columbia University Irving Medical Center, previously told CBS News his research found quick strolls throughout the day could go a long way for your health.

哥伦比亚大学欧文医学中心（Columbia University Irving Medical Center）运动生理学家基思·迪亚兹博士（Dr. Keith Diaz）此前在接受哥伦比亚广播公司新闻频道采访时表示，他的研究发现，在一天中不时进行快走对健康大有裨益。

physiologist /ˌfɪz.iˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ 表示“生理学家”，英文解释为“a person who studies physiology”

stroll /strəʊl/ 表示“散步，溜达”，英文解释为“to walk in a slow, relaxed manner, especially for pleasure”举个🌰：We could stroll along the beach after dinner. 晚饭后我们可以去海滩散散步。

"We found a five-minute light walk every half-hour offset many of the harms from sitting," he says. Spending too much time sitting can increase the risk for heart disease, diabetes and even some forms of cancer.

“我们发现，每半小时进行五分钟的散步可以抵消久坐带来的许多危害，”他说。长时间久坐可能会增加患心脏病、糖尿病甚至某些癌症的风险。

作动词，表示“抵消；弥补；补偿”，英文解释为“to use one cost, payment or situation in order to cancel or reduce the effect of another”举个🌰：Prices have risen in order to offset the increased cost of materials. 为补偿原料成本的增加而提高了价格。

📍《经济学人》（The Economist）一篇讲述疫情下机器人自动化的文章中提到：Companies reshoring production have sought to offset the high cost of human labour with the engineered sort. 把生产迁回本国的公司纷纷利用工程手段来抵消高人力成本。

📍听说2021年大英赛就考到了offset这个词，早在可口可乐将涨价文中就提到过啦。

diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs, -tiːz/ 表示“糖尿病”，英文解释为“a disease in which the body cannot control the level of sugar in the blood.”

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