豆瓣评分9.5的《霸王别姬》成就了张国荣的艺术巅峰

Farewell My Concubine is a 1993 Chinese drama film directed by Chen Kaige（陈凯歌）.

《霸王别姬》是1993年由陈凯歌执导的以京剧为主题的电影。

The film is an adaptation of the novel by Lilian Lee (李碧华), who is also one of the film's screenplay writers.

影片改编自香港作家李碧华的同名小说，而应李碧华本人要求，她也是本片的编剧之一。

『李碧华在撰写这部小说时，就是以张国荣为蓝本，所以当台湾制作人徐枫要求买下小说版权时，李碧华出让版权的要求之一就是要请张国荣出演程蝶衣的角色。』

「左：张国荣 中：徐枫 右：陈凯歌」

Farewell My Concubine stars Leslie Cheung, Zhang Fengyi and Gong Li. It won the Palme d'Or at the 1993 Cannes Film Festival and went on to win other honors.

《霸王别姬》由张国荣、张丰毅和巩俐主演，影片在1993年戛纳电影节上赢得了金棕榈奖并在之后陆续赢得了其他奖项。

「左起：陈凯歌 张国荣 巩俐 徐枫」

Very few films have the ability not simply to touch the heart but pierce the soul. This is one of those films. The plot is driven inexorably forward not only by fate and the tides of change but by the breathtaking, career topping performance of Leslie Cheung, as Cheng Dieyi. Cheung gives himself over completely to his character, just as his character gives himself over to his lifelong role, of Concubine Yu.

很少有电影能够做到这样，不仅触动心灵，更是刺穿灵魂，而《霸王别姬》正是这样一部电影。推动剧情不可逆转地向前发展的，不仅是个人的命运和历史的浪潮，还有张国荣所饰演的程蝶衣及其令人拍案叫绝的顶级艺术表演。张国荣在表演时完全把自己交给了这个角色，就像程蝶衣把自己的一生交给了他所扮演的“虞姬”。

As the film opens, a street crowd watches a troupe of boys perform Peking opera, supervised by their aging director, Master Guan. When one of the boys, Laizi attempts to run away, another boy performer Shitou (literally meaning "stone") 'placates the crowd by breaking a brick on his head; the crowd is satisfied by the performance and cheers, but Shitou is later punished by Master Guan for the stunt.

影片开始，北平的街头，一群观众正在围观一群戏班里的小男孩表演京剧，指导孩子们的是年事已高的关师傅。正表演到高潮时，其中一个叫“癞子”的男孩试图逃跑, 观众怒不可遏准备和戏班动手，戏班里一个叫“石头”的男孩挺身而出，为了安抚人群，他表演了一手真功夫——他用砖朝自己的脑门砸去后依然岿然不动，观众这才满意并欢呼起来，不过回到戏班以后石头还是受到了关师傅的惩罚。

A prostitute begs Master Guan to accept her son into the troupe. Master Guan initially rejects him because of his supernumerary finger. She then uses a cleaver to cut off her son's extra finger and manages to sign the contract. Shitou welcomes the newcomer as "Douzi" (literally meaning "bean"), and the two boys become friends.

妓女“艳红”恳求关师傅收她儿子做徒弟，可这孩子的一只手上有六根手指，关师傅因而拒绝了她。艳红等儿子的手冻僵以后，用刀割掉了他多余的手指，关师傅最终妥协。石头欢迎新人“豆子” 加入戏班，二人成为好友。

The opera school is absolutely brutal. The master inflicts severe punishment indiscriminately, brooking not even the slightest mis-step or mistake.

戏班规矩严苛，不论是谁，在训练时哪怕只是犯了一个很小的错，师傅都会给他一顿好打。

When Laizi gets a song wrong, he is hit for his error. When Shitou gets a song correct, he is hit so that he will remember correctly again the next time.

癞子的戏唱错了，要被打，石头的戏唱对了，也要被打，打他是为了让他记住下次还得这么唱。

A few years pass. Laizi and Douzi run away as they cannot bear the toughness of the training. When they are on the street, they witness a performance by an opera master that inspires them to return to the troupe. 

几年后，癞子和豆子因无法忍受折磨而试图逃跑，可当他们逃到街上，目睹了京剧名伶收获万人拥戴时，激动地又自己回到了戏班。

They find Shitou being beaten for allowing their escape, and Douzi accepts his punishment as Master Guan beats him mercilessly. Shitou tries to intervene, when an assistant informs them that Laizi has hanged himself.

石头正因包庇癞子和豆子逃跑而受到师傅的毒打，豆子把错误揽在自己身上，继而被师傅狠狠惩罚，石头正准备让师傅停手时，戏班的杂役跑来告诉大家，癞子上吊自杀了。

Douzi attaches himself to Shitou and is trained to play dan (female) roles. Shitou learns the jing, a type of painted-face male leading role. When Douzi practices the line "I am by nature a girl, not a boy" in "Dreaming of the World Outside the Nunnery", he keeps mistaking the line into "I am by nature a boy...". 

豆子和石头感情深厚，豆子被训练成旦角，石头则被训练成净角（大花脸）。排练的时候，每当豆子表演到《思凡》里的 “我本是女儿身，又不是男儿郎” 时，总会说错成 “我本是男儿郎，又不是女儿身”。

When he repeats this mistake in front of an agent who might fund the troupe, Shitou viciously jams Master Guan's brass tobacco pipe in Douzi's mouth as punishment, causing his mouth to bleed. Douzi looks dazed, but whispers, "I am by nature a girl... not a boy." The troupe cheer, having secured the agent.

当豆子在经纪人那坤面前表演到《思凡》这一段时，依然把台词说错了，石头气急败坏之下夺过关师傅的烟斗将豆子的嘴巴撬得血肉模糊，豆子怔住了，嘴里默默地念着“我本是女儿身……”戏班大喜，终于过了经纪人这一关。

The eunuch Zhang appreciates their performance and summons Shitou and Douzi for an audience. Shitou admires a beautiful sword in Zhang's collection, stating that if he were emperor, Douzi would be his queen. Douzi responds that one day he hopes to give Shitou a sword like that.

太监张公公传唤石头和豆子来唱戏，石头在张公公房里发现一把极好的剑，激动地对豆子说：“霸王要是有这把剑，早就把刘邦给宰了当上了皇上，那你就是正宫娘娘了。”豆子有心记住了这句话，答应一定送这把剑给石头。

Douzi is to meet Zhang alone, and catches him in a lascivious embrace with a young girl. Douzi is afraid as the man eyes him up and down, and seeks to be with Shitou, but Zhang catches him and pushes him to the ground. 

豆子被逼单独来见张公公，刚进门就撞见张公公正欲轻薄一位妙龄女子。豆子害怕，想见师哥，可张公公将豆子扑倒在地。

Hours later he emerges, and Shitou cannot get him to say a word. It is clear that Douzi has been sexually assaulted. On their way home, Douzi spies an abandoned baby, and despite Master Guan's urging that "we each have our own fate" Douzi adopts the baby and eventually Master Guan trains him.

几个时辰后豆子终于从张公公房里出来，一言不发的他很明显已经被张公公轻薄了。回家的路上，豆子看到一个弃婴，尽管关师傅劝阻说：“一个人有一个人的命”，可豆子坚持收留了弃婴。

Douzi and Shitou become Peking opera stars under the stage names Cheng Dieyi and Duan Xiaolou.

豆子和石头长大以后都成了名角，豆子的艺名叫“程蝶衣”，而石头的艺名则是“段小楼”。

One of their hit performances is the play Farewell My Concubine where Dieyi plays the concubine Consort Yu and Xiaolou plays the romantic hero Xiang Yu.

他们的成名戏就是《霸王别姬》，蝶衣饰演虞姬，小楼饰演楚霸王项羽。

A patron, Yuan Shiqing, slowly courts Dieyi. Xiaolou takes a liking to Juxian, a headstrong courtesan at the upscale House of Blossoms. Xiaolou intervenes when a mob of drunk men harass Juxian and says that they are announcing their engagement. Juxian later buys her freedom from her own savings and, deceiving him into thinking she was thrown out, pressures Xiaolou to keep his word.

“戏痴”袁世卿屡次向蝶衣献殷勤，而段小楼则喜欢花满楼的头牌妓女“菊仙”。一次菊仙在花满楼被一群醉汉骚扰，小楼跳出来为她解围，并谎称自己和菊仙订婚了。菊仙继而给自己赎了身，她骗小楼说自己被花满楼赶出来了，软磨硬泡让小楼和自己成婚。

Dieyi is in love with Xiaolou, but the sexual aspects of his affection are not returned. 

蝶衣想一辈子和段小楼一起唱戏，可段小楼只当蝶衣是师弟。

When Xiaolou announces their engagement, Dieyi and Xiaolou have a falling-out. 

小楼宣布与菊仙订婚，蝶衣和他不欢而散。

Dieyi calls Juxian "Pan Jinlian" (a "dragon lady" from the novel Golden Lotus). Dieyi takes up with Master Yuan, who gives him Zhang's sword.

蝶衣管菊仙叫“潘金莲”，他心灰意冷地去了袁世卿的府邸，袁世卿将张公公当年那把宝剑赠予了蝶衣。

The complex relationship between these three characters is then tested in the succession of political upheavals that encompass China from the onset of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

蝶衣、小楼和菊仙三个人的关系在动荡的中日战争开始时受到了考验。

After Xiaolou marrys to Juxian, he is requested by Juxian to leave the stage. Dieyi becomes addicted to opium. Dieyi is deeply addicted to opium. Xiaolou and Juxian help him to recover and the troupe surrounds him to congratulate his return to health.

小楼和菊仙成婚后，菊仙禁止小楼唱戏。蝶衣染上了鸦片。蝶衣吸鸦片成瘾，小楼和菊仙历尽艰辛把蝶衣从鸦片的毒瘾中解救出来。

By the time the Communists rise to power, in 1949, Dieyi who has performed for the Nationalists, the Japanese, the remains of the Qing dynasty, is asked for his opinion on the new, communist era plays.

1949年之后蝶衣被戏院请去交流他对现代戏的看法。

He finds them shallow and unconvincing, which they almost certainly are. These are the Eight Model Plays, which dropped the painted faces entirely, used modern street dress, and told tales, predictably, of the workers rising up to claim their birthright against the old regime.

蝶衣认为现代戏肤浅而不具有说服力，他们摒弃了传统京剧的妆面和服装，而改穿现代装，讲的是工人阶级反对旧制度，翻身把歌唱的戏。

Xiao Si (the boy adopted by Douzi) had an argument with Dieyi about why the modern opera is not Beijing opera.

小四（豆子曾收留的婴儿）和蝶衣闹矛盾，小四诘问蝶衣：“怎么现代戏就不是京戏了。”

The scene shifts to Duan Xiaolou being questioned by the Red Guards on a few allegedly unpatriotic words he said years ago. Xiao Si is seen in the background, seemingly in a position of power. The entire opera troupe is taken out in public for a humiliating struggle session by the Red Guards. 

段小楼因为曾经无意说过的一句不该说的话，被红卫兵带走了，小四躲在幕后像是掌权者。后来，整个戏班都被红卫兵推去游行示众。

Under duress, Xiaolou confesses that Dieyi performed for the Japanese army and may have had a relationship with Yuan Shiqing. 

高压之下，小楼被迫承认蝶衣给日本人唱戏，并和袁世卿有染。

Enraged, Dieyi tells the mob that Juxian was a prostitute. Xiaolou is forced to admit that he married a prostitute but swears that he does not love her and will never see her again. 

一怒之下，蝶衣说出了菊仙是妓女的事实。小楼被当权者逼迫，承认了菊仙是妓女，还狠心说自己不爱她，以后要和她划清界线。

Juxian is crushed to hear his words and commits suicide after going back home. 

菊仙听到这里已然崩溃，回到家后就自杀身亡了。

The film then jumps to Dieyi and Xiaolou's reunion in 1977. They are practising Farewell My Concubine, and their relationship seems to have mended since the tribunal and suicide of Juxian.

1977年，蝶衣和小楼再度重逢。他们到剧院里排练《霸王别姬》，二人的关系似乎已经从当初那场动乱和菊仙的离开中恢复过来了。

They exchange a smile and Xiaolou begins with the line that gave Dieyi trouble forty years ago. Dieyi makes the same error of finishing the line with "I am not a girl". Xiaolou corrects him and they continue practising. Dieyi then commits suicide using the sword in the play.

两人相视而笑，蝶衣唱起四十年前那段困扰自己的戏：“我本是男儿身……”，小楼纠正说错台词的蝶衣，蝶衣看着小楼，眼神中流露出万般释然，趁小楼不注意，拔剑自刎，从一而终。

Some say that Farewell My Concubine is not about politics, nor history, nor even theater. It is a story about two men: one who worked as a Peking Opera actor, the other who lived the opera. Their lives are intertwined, the bonds they built in childhood cannot be severed, no matter how the history goes on. Xiaolou tries to go with the flow, to not make waves. Dieyi stays true to his art, no matter what. The ending is predetermined from the moment young Douzi is able to say the line:

有人说，《霸王别姬》想讲的不是政治，不是历史，也不是京戏。它是关于两个男人的故事，一个是京戏演员，而另一个则把自己活成了京戏。他们的命运交织缠绕，无论历史如何前进，他们自儿时建立起的那份深厚情谊一生都无法割离。小楼这一生顺应天命，蝶衣则对他的艺术从一而终。故事的结局早在当年的小豆子说出那句改变他一生的台词开始就注定了：

I am by nature a girl, not a boy.

我本是女儿身，又不是男儿郎……

注：本介绍只是故事梗概，其中删减了大量精彩剧情，影片的高水准和艺术性也无法从本介绍中体现出来，强烈推荐大家自行观影。

《霸王别姬》经典台词

这虞姬她怎么演，也得有一死。

The concubine has to die

one way or the other.

连楚霸王都跪下来求饶了，

京戏能不亡吗?

But now even the King of Chu is on his knees begging for mercy,

can Peking opera survive this indignity?

人纵有万般能耐，

终也敌不过天命。

No matter how resourceful you are,

you can't fight fate.

虞姬最后一次为霸王斟酒，

最后一次为霸王舞剑，

而后拔剑自刎，

从一而终。

For the very last time Concubine poured wine for her King,

and danced for him with a sword,

and cut her throat with it,

faithful to the King unto death.

说的是一辈子，

差一年，差一个月，差一个时辰，

都不是一辈子！

I'm talking about a lifetime.

One year one month one day even one second's less makes it less than a lifetime.

你真是不疯魔不成活。

唱戏得疯魔不假，

可要是活着也疯魔，

在这人世上，在这凡人堆里，

咱们可怎么活哟！

You are really obsessed.

Your obsession with the stage carries over into your everyday life.

But how are we going to get through the days and make it in the real world among ordinary people?

《霸王别姬》制作特辑-

张国荣幕后花絮全纪录

“人纵有万般能耐，终也敌不过天命”