运输合同纠纷案例汇编 | 法宝双语案例

一、中国上海外轮代理有限公司诉南通江海通集装箱运输有限公司运输合同纠纷案

China Ocean Shipping Agency Shanghai Co., Ltd. v. Nantong Jianghaitong Container Transportation Co., Ltd. (case regarding dispute over a transport contract)

【裁判摘要】

在海上货物运输合同中，承运人可以将实际运输等工作委托他人进行。于此，分别产生了承运人与托运人之间的对外法律关系以及承运人与实际承运人之间的内部法律关系。两个法律关系均具有独立性，在对外法律关系中，承运人应当对托运人承担船长或船方行为的法律后果；在内部法律关系中，如作为实际承运人对事故负有赔偿责任，则承运人在对外承担了责任后，有权向实际承运人进行追偿。因此，承运人在向托运人承担损失赔偿责任后有权向存在过错的实际承运人进行追偿。

[Judgment Abstract]

The carrier in a contract for carriage of goods by sea may consign the transportation of goods to other parties. This creates two independent legal relationships, namely the external relationship between carrier and consignor and the internal relationship between carrier and actual carrier. In the external legal relationship, the carrier should bear the legal consequences for serving as a captain or an owner of the vessel to the consignor. While in the internal relationship, if the actual carrier is liable for the accident, the carrier may recover compensation from the actual carrier after the settlement of external compensation. Therefore, the carrier has the right to recover compensation from the actual at-fault carrier after it has assumed compensation liability to the consignor.

【法宝引证码】CLI.C.8272543

[CLI Code] CLI.C.8272543(EN)

二、杭州双业进出口有限公司诉中远集装箱运输有限公司等海上货物运输合同纠纷案

Hangzhou Shuangye Import & Export Co., Ltd. v. COSCO Container Lines Co., Ltd., et al. (case regarding dispute over a contract for carriage of goods by sea)

【裁判摘要】

正本提单，是指提单上经承运人、船长或其代理人签字盖章并注明签发日期的提单。无单放货，又叫无正本提单放货，是指承运人或其代理人(货代)或港务当局或仓库管理人在未收回正本提单的情况下，依提单上记载的收货人或通知人凭副本提单或提单复印件，加保函放行货物的行为。一般货物运输中，承运人要凭正本提单放货，即使货物运输中未签发过正本提单，承运人也应得到货物所有人及向其订舱的人的确认或出具保函后方可将货物放行。承运人未收回正本提单，且未经货物所有人确认或出具保函即将货物轻率的交出，对此，应当承担不当放货的违约赔偿责任。

[Judgment Abstract]

The original bill of lading refers to the bill of lading signed and stamped by the carrier, the shipmaster or their agents and indicating the date of issuance. Delivery of goods without a bill of lading, also known as delivery of goods without an original bill of lading, means that the carrier or its agent (freight forwarder) or the port authority or warehouse manager, without taking back the original bill of lading, deliver the goods to the consignee or the notified party recorded on the bill of lading by virtue of a duplicate or a copy of the bill of lading and a letter of guarantee. In general cargo transportation, the carrier must deliver goods by virtue of the original bill of lading. Even if the original bill of lading has not ever been issued during transportation, the carrier should deliver the goods upon the confirmation of the owner of the goods and the person who books the cargo space, or by virtue of a letter of guarantee issued by such person. If the carrier fails to take back the original bill of lading, and hands over goods without the confirmation of the owner of the goods or by virtue of a letter of guarantee, it should be liable for breach of contract due to improper delivery of the goods.

【法宝引证码】CLI.C.8272556

[CLI Code] CLI.C.8272556 (EN)

三、中外运湖北有限责任公司诉武汉中远海运集装箱运输有限公司海上、通海水域货物运输合同纠纷再审案

Sinotrans Hubei Company Limited v. Wuhan COSCO Container Lines Co., Ltd. (retrial case regarding dispute over a contract for carriage of goods by sea and by waters connected to sea)

【裁判要旨】

当事人签订多式联运合同，在发现货损后不能确定货损发生在哪一个具体区段的，应当按照起诉时相关法律关于诉讼时效的规定。实践中，当事人签订海上货物运输合同，但实际包括内河、沿海、陆路运输等多式联运，并非单纯的海上、水上运输，且无法判断货损发生在哪一个具体区段，因此在诉讼时效上不能直接适用海商法关于诉讼时效的相关规定，而应适用当事人起诉时法律法规规定的普通诉讼时效。

[Judgment Abstract]

In a multimodal transport contract, if it's impossible to determine in which specific segment of multimodal transport the goods are damaged, the statute of limitations stipulated by relevant laws when an action is brought shall apply. In practice, the parties enter into a contract for carriage of goods by sea under which goods are actually transported by inland waters, coastal waters, land and other means of multimodal transport, rather than simply by sea or waters, and it's impossible to determine in which specific segment of multimodal transport the goods are damaged, then the case should be governed by the general statute of limitations as provided by laws and regulations when an action is brought, rather than directly subject to the provisions of the Maritime Law in this respect.

【法宝引证码】CLI.C.88689663

[CLI Code] CLI.C.88689663(EN)