「Part 13」2023政府工作报告中英文对照注释版
（九）切实保障和改善民生，加快社会事业发展。
9. We took concrete steps to ensure and improve the people's wellbeing and accelerated the development of social programs.
注：
民生
the people' wellbeing
社会事业
social programs
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贯彻以人民为中心的发展思想，持续增加民生投入，着力保基本、兜底线、促公平，
Acting on a people-centered philosophy of development, we continued to increase inputs in areas important to people's wellbeing, meet people's basic needs, provide a cushion for those most in need, and promote social fairness.
注：
以人民为中心的发展思想
a people-centered philosophy of development
保基本（民生）
meet people's basic needs
兜底线
provide a cushion for those most in need
促公平
promote social fairness
📍2014年李克强总理就民生问题所提出的关于政府要继续重点做的三件事，就是保基本、兜底线、促公平。
📍cushion /ˈkʊʃ.ən/ 表示“垫子；座垫；靠垫”，英文解释为“a bag made of cloth, plastic, or leather that is filled with soft material, often has an attractive cover, and is used especially on chairs for sitting or leaning on”；也可以表示“起保护（或缓冲）作用的事物”，英文解释为“something that makes the effects of a bad situation less severe”举个🌰：You should aim to build up a cushion of money in case of emergencies. 你应该尽量留一些应急的钱。
提升公共服务水平，在发展中不断增进民生福祉。
We delivered higher-quality public services and continued to improve the wellbeing of our people through development.
注：
增进民生福祉
improve the wellbeing of our people
促进教育公平和质量提升。
We developed more equitable and higher-quality education.
百年大计，教育为本。
Education is pivotal to the enduring prosperity of a country.
注：
📍pivotal /ˈpɪvətəl/表示“关键的；核心的”，英文解释为“A pivotal role, point, or figure in something is one that is very important and affects the success of that thing.”如：a pivotal role in European affairs 在欧洲事务中的关键作用。
财政性教育经费占国内生产总值比例每年都保持在4%以上，学生人均经费投入大幅增加。
We kept annual budgetary spending on education at over 4 percent of GDP and realized a significant increase in spending per student.
注：
财政性教育经费
budgetary spending on education
大幅增加
(realize) a significant increase
持续加强农村义务教育薄弱环节建设，基本消除城镇大班额，推动解决进城务工人员子女入学问题，
We steadily intensified efforts to shore up weak links in rural compulsory education, largely resolved the problem of oversized classes in urban schools, and made strides in providing schooling for children of rural migrant workers in cities.
注：
农村义务教育
rural compulsory education
加强薄弱环节
shore up weak links
进城务工人员
rural migrant workers in cities
义务教育巩固率由93.8%提高到95.5%。
The retention rate in nine-year compulsory education rose from 93.8 percent to 95.5 percent.
注：
（九年）义务教育
nine-year compulsory education
📍The retention rate 巩固率是2013年公布的教育学名词，是指在特定教育阶段内，完成了某一年级学习的学生人数占这届学生入学时总人数的比例。
📍retention 表示“保留；保持；维持”，英文解释为“the continued use, existence, or possession of something or someone”如：water/heat retention 水分保持/热量滞留。
坚持义务教育由国家统一实施，引导规范民办教育发展。
We saw to it that compulsory education was provided as an overall state responsibility; and we guided and regulated the development of private schools.
注：
民办教育
private schools
引导规范
guide and regulate
减轻义务教育阶段学生负担。
The burden on students in compulsory education was reduced.
注：
义务教育阶段学生负担
the burden on students in compulsory education
持续实施营养改善计划，每年惠及3700多万学生。
The nutrition improvement program was continued, benefiting over 37 million students every year.
注：
营养改善计划
the nutrition improvement program
保障教师特别是乡村教师工资待遇。
We ensured that teachers, especially those in rural schools, received their pay packages in full.
注：
工资待遇
pay packages
多渠道增加幼儿园供给。
The provision of preschool education was increased through multiple channels.
注：
多渠道
through multiple channels
幼儿园（学前教育）
preschool education
普及高中阶段教育目标实现。
The goal of universal senior secondary education was attained.
注：
高中阶段教育
senior secondary education
职业教育适应性增强，职业院校办学条件持续改善。
Vocational education was made more adaptable, and conditions in vocational schools were steadily improved.
注：
职业教育
vocational education
职业院校
vocational schools
积极稳妥推进高考综合改革，高等教育毛入学率从45.7%提高到59.6%，
We took active yet prudent steps to advance comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination system and raised the gross enrollment ratio for higher education from 45.7 percent to 59.6 percent.
注：
积极稳妥
active yet prudent
高考（制度）综合改革
comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination system
高等教育
higher education
毛入学率
the gross enrollment ratio
📍毛入学率，指某学年度某级教育在校生数占相应学龄人口总数比例，标志教育相对规模和教育机会，是衡量教育发展水平的重要指标。
高校招生持续加大对中西部地区和农村地区倾斜力度。
Universities and colleges continued to enroll more students from central and western regions and rural areas.
注：
高校
universities and colleges
「类似表述对比」
2022年报告：高校招生继续加大对中西部和农村地区倾斜力度。Universities and colleges will continue to enroll greater numbers of students from central and western regions and rural areas.
2021年报告Part 16：高校招生继续加大对中西部和农村地区倾斜力度， and continue to have universities and colleges enroll more students from the central and western regions and rural areas.
📍enroll 表示“（使）加入；注册；招（生）；吸收”，英文解释为“If you enrol or are enrolled at an institution or in a class, you officially join it.”举个🌰：I was enrolled at the University in 2012. 我是2012年上大学的。
大幅提高经济困难高校学生国家助学贷款额度。
The cap was significantly raised for government-subsidized loans to college students from families with financial difficulties.
注：
经济困难高校学生国家助学贷款
government-subsidized loans to college students from families with financial difficulties
额度
cap
📍cap 可以作名词，也可以作动词，1）表示“对（收费或花费）定限额，限制；限额收取（或支出）”，英文解释为“to limit the amount of money that can be charged for sth or spent on sth”如：a capped mortgage 限额按揭，举个🌰：Our mortgage is capped at 8.75 percent for five years. 我们的按揭贷款5年期的利率上限为8.75%。
2）表示“成为…的结尾；使达到高潮；结束”，英文解释为“If someone says that a good or bad event caps a series of events, they mean it is the final event in the series, and the other events were also good or bad.” 举个🌰：He capped a memorable season by becoming champion of champions. 他以成为冠军中的冠军的方式结束了这个难忘的赛季。
深入实施“强基计划”和基础学科拔尖人才培养计划，
We launched a plan that enables institutions of higher learning to recruit students who excel in basic academic disciplines, as well as a plan to cultivate top talent in basic disciplines.
注：
“强基计划”
a plan that enables institutions of higher learning to recruit students who excel in basic academic disciplines
基础学科拔尖人才培养计划
a plan to cultivate top talent in basic disciplines
基础学科
basic academic disciplines / basic disciplines
📍强基计划一般指基础学科招生改革试点。基础学科招生改革试点，也称强基计划，是教育部开展的招生改革工作，主要是为了选拔培养有志于服务国家重大战略需求且综合素质优秀或基础学科拔尖的学生。
建设288个基础学科拔尖学生培养基地，接续推进世界一流大学和一流学科建设，不断夯实发展的人才基础。
We opened 288 training centers for high-performing students in basic disciplines and continued to develop world-class universities and world-class disciplines. By doing so, we have laid a solid foundation for talent development.
注：
基础学科拔尖学生培养基地
training centers for high-performing students in basic disciplines
拔尖学生
high-performing students
世界一流大学
world-class universities
世界一流学科
world-class disciplines
「类似表述对比」
二十大报告：加强基础学科、新兴学科、交叉学科建设，加快建设中国特色、世界一流的大学和优势学科。We will do more to develop basic disciplines, emerging disciplines, and interdisciplinary subjects and speed up the development of world-class universities and strong disciplines with Chinese features.
提升医疗卫生服务能力。
Our ability to provide medical and health services was enhanced.
注：
医疗卫生服务
medical and health services
深入推进健康中国行动，深化医药卫生体制改革，
We pressed ahead with the Healthy China initiative and deepened the reform of medical and healthcare systems.
注：
健康中国行动
the Healthy China initiative
医药卫生体制改革 the reform of medical and healthcare systems
把基本医疗卫生制度作为公共产品向全民提供，进一步缓解群众看病难、看病贵问题。
We made basic medical and healthcare services available to the entire population as a public good and made it easier and more affordable for people to access medical treatment.
注：
全民
the entire population
看病-->获得治疗
access medical treatment
持续提高基本医保和大病保险水平，城乡居民医保人均财政补助标准从450元提高到610元。
Benefits under the basic medical insurance and serious disease insurance schemes continued to grow, and annual per capita government subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents increased from 450 yuan to 610 yuan.
注：
基本医保
the basic medical insurance
大病保险
serious disease insurance schemes
城乡居民
rural and non-working urban residents
财政补助
government subsidies
人均
per capita
将更多群众急需药品纳入医保报销范围。
A greater number of urgently needed medicines were approved for reimbursement under the basic medical insurance scheme.
注：
急需药品
urgently needed medicines
报销
reimbursement
📍reimbursement /ˌriː.ɪmˈbɜːs.mənt/表示“赔付，偿付，赔偿”，英文解释为“the act of paying back money to someone who has spent it for you or lost it because of you, or the amount that is paid back”
「类似表述对比」
2022年报告：把更多常见病等门诊费用纳入医保报销范围， Outpatient bills for more common illnesses became reimbursable under the basic medical insurance scheme,
2021年报告：逐步将门诊费用纳入统筹基金报销，and take gradual steps toward reimbursing outpatient bills through unified accounts.
2019年报告Part 5：提高居民基本医保补助标准和大病保险报销比例。We raised the level of government subsidies for rural and non-working urban residents' basic medical insurance and the reimbursement rate of their serious illness insurance. (by LearnAndRecord)
住院和门诊费用实现跨省直接结算，惠及5700多万人次。
On-the-spot settlement of cross-provincial outpatient and inpatient medical bills was realized, with over 57 million applications for settlement approved.
注：
住院和门诊费用
outpatient and inpatient medical bills
直接结算
on-the-spot settlement
推行药品和医用耗材集中带量采购，降低费用负担超过4000亿元。
We made bulk government purchases of medicines and medical consumables, thus cutting medical bills by more than 400 billion yuan.
注：
药品和医用耗材
medicines and medical consumables
集中带量采购
make bulk government purchases
📍bulk /bʌlk/ 表示“大规模；大量”，英文解释为“large size or mass”举个🌰：It was a document of surprising bulk. 这是一份篇幅惊人的文件。
设置13个国家医学中心，布局建设76个国家区域医疗中心。
Thirteen national medical research centers and 76 regional medical centers were opened.
注：
国家医学中心
national medical research centers
区域医疗中心
regional medical centers
全面推开公立医院综合改革，持续提升县域医疗卫生服务能力，完善分级诊疗体系。
Comprehensive reform of public hospitals was carried out across the board, the capacity for providing medical and health services at the county level was steadily increased, and the tiered diagnosis and treatment system was refined.
注：
公立医院综合改革
comprehensive reform of public hospitals
全面
across the board
医疗卫生服务
medical and health services
县域
at the county level
分级诊疗体系
the tiered diagnosis and treatment system
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：加快建设分级诊疗体系。 The tiered diagnosis and treatment system will be developed at a faster pace.
2019年报告：提升分级诊疗和家庭医生签约服务质量。and improve services provided both under the tiered diagnosis and treatment model and by contracted family doctors.
促进中医药传承创新发展。
The preservation and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine was promoted.
注：
中医药
traditional Chinese medicine
传承创新发展
the preservation and innovative development
基本公共卫生服务经费人均财政补助标准从50元提高到84元。
Annual per capita government subsidies for basic public health services were increased from 50 yuan to 84 yuan.
注：
基本公共卫生服务
basic public health services
（年）人均财政补助
annual per capita government subsidies
改革完善疾病预防控制体系，
We reformed and improved the system for disease prevention and control.
注：
疾病预防控制体系
the system for disease prevention and control
组建国家疾病预防控制局，健全重大疫情防控救治和应急物资保障体系，努力保障人民健康。
The National Administration of Disease Prevention and Control was inaugurated, and the systems for major epidemic prevention, control, and treatment and for providing emergency supplies were improved. With these efforts, we have protected the health of our people.
注：
国家疾病预防控制局
The National Administration of Disease Prevention and Control
重大疫情防控救治和应急物资保障体系
the systems for major epidemic prevention, control, and treatment and for providing emergency supplies
📍inaugurate /ɪˈnɔː.ɡjə.reɪt/ 作动词，1）表示“使正式就职，为…举行就职典礼”，英文解释为“to put someone into an official position with a ceremony”举个🌰： American presidents are always inaugurated on 20 January. 美国总统总是在1月20日正式就职。
2）表示“（正式）启用，启动”，英文解释为“to put something into use or action officially”举个🌰：The European Community inaugurated the Single European Market in 1993. 欧洲共同体于1993年正式启动欧洲单一市场。
📍名词词性：inauguration 表示“就职典礼”，英文解释为“An inauguration is the process of swearing a person into office and thus making that person the incumbent. Such an inauguration commonly occurs through a formal ceremony or special event.”
📍形容词性：inaugural 表示“就职的，就任的（演讲）”（An inaugural speech is the first speech someone gives when starting an important new job.）另外，inaugural也有“首次的，初始的”的含义（An inaugural event is the first in a series of planned events.）
加强社会保障和服务。
We improved social security and social services.
注：
社会保障和服务
social security and social services
建立基本养老保险基金中央调剂制度，
A central regulation system for basic old-age insurance funds was set up.
注：
基本养老保险基金中央调剂制度
the central regulation system for basic old-age insurance funds
连续上调退休人员基本养老金，提高城乡居民基础养老金最低标准，
We increased basic pension benefits for retirees for several years running and raised the minimum basic old-age benefits for rural and non-working urban residents.
注：
退休人员基本养老金
basic pension benefits for retirees
城乡居民基础养老金
basic old-age benefits for rural and non-working urban residents
稳步提升城乡低保、优待抚恤、失业和工伤保障等标准。
Urban and rural subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, unemployment insurance, and workers' compensation were steadily increased.
注：
城乡低保
urban and rural subsistence allowances
优待抚恤
benefits for entitled groups
优抚（对象）
entitled groups
📍优抚对象是优待对象和抚恤对象的统称。根据中国《军人抚恤优待条例》规定，中国人民解放军现役军人、服现役或者退出现役的残疾军人以及复员军人、退伍军人、烈士遗属、因公牺牲军人遗属、病故军人遗属、现役军人家属统称为优抚对象，按规定享受抚恤优待。
「类似表述对比」
2022年报告：做好军人军属、退役军人和其他优抚对象优待抚恤工作。 We will see that service members and their families, ex-service members, and other entitled groups receive the benefits and subsidies they are entitled to.
2022年报告：提高优抚标准。Benefits were raised for entitled groups.
2020年报告：落实退役军人优抚政策。We will ensure implementation of preferential treatment policies for demobilized military personnel,
2019年报告：继续提高优抚、低保等标准，We continued to increase benefits for entitled groups and subsistence allowances,
2018年报告：稳步提高城乡低保、社会救助、抚恤优待等标准。We will steadily raise urban and rural subsistence allowances, social assistance benefits, and benefits for entitled groups.
2017年报告：提高低保、优抚、退休人员基本养老金等标准，We increased subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, basic pension payments, and other subsidies;
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2015年2月8日
2023年3月22日
第2965天
每天持续行动学外语