「Part 5」2023政府工作报告中英文对照注释版
各位代表：
Fellow Deputies,
五年来，我们深入贯彻以习近平同志为核心的党中央决策部署，
Over the past five years, we have fully implemented the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core.
注：
深入贯彻
fully implement
决策部署
the decisions and plans
党中央
the Party Central Committee
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主要做了以下工作。
The highlights of our work are as follows:
（一）创新宏观调控，保持经济运行在合理区间。
1. We developed new ways of conducting macro regulation to keep the economy operating within an appropriate range.
注：
创新
develop new ways of ...
宏观调控
conducting macro regulation
保持经济运行在合理区间
keep the economy operating within an appropriate range
「类似表述对比」
2022年报告：一是保持宏观政策连续性针对性，推动经济运行保持在合理区间。1. We kept macro policy consistent and targeted and kept the major economic indicators within the appropriate range.
2021年报告：经济运行保持在合理区间，We will keep major economic indicators within an appropriate range,
2019年报告：经济运行保持在合理区间。The main economic indicators were kept within an appropriate range.
2018年报告：要尊重经济规律，远近结合，确保经济运行在合理区间，We must respect objective economic laws, consider both long- and near-term needs, ensure the economy performs within a reasonable range,
2017年报告：经济运行保持在合理区间。thus keeping the economy performing within an appropriate range.
2016年报告：经济运行保持在合理区间。The economy operated within an appropriate range.
2015年报告：“稳”的主要标志是，经济运行处于合理区间。The main indication of this stable performance is that the economy operated within an appropriate range.
面对贸易保护主义抬头、疫情冲击等接踵而来的严峻挑战，创新宏观调控方式，不过度依赖投资，
In response to a succession of grave challenges, including mounting protectionism and the Covid-19 pandemic, we adopted new ways of conducting macro regulation and avoided overreliance on investment as a means of achieving economic growth.
注：
（贸易）保护主义抬头
mounting protectionism
接踵而来的严峻挑战
a succession of grave challenges
过度依赖投资
overreliance on investment
统筹运用财政货币等政策，重点支持市场主体纾困发展。
We employed a wide range of policies including fiscal and monetary policies and stayed focused on helping market entities overcome difficulties and grow.
注：
财政货币（等）政策
fiscal and monetary policies
市场主体
market entities
纾困发展
overcome difficulties and grow
把年度主要预期目标作为一个有机整体来把握，加强区间调控、定向调控、相机调控、精准调控，
We adopted a holistic approach to achieving the projected development targets for each year and stepped up range-based, targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation.
注：
年度主要预期目标
the projected (development) targets for each year
区间调控、定向调控、相机调控、精准调控
range-based, targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation
📍well-timed表示“及时的，正合时宜的；适时的”（A well-timed action or comment is done or made at the most appropriate or suitable time.）
📍「相机调控」强调政府要根据市场情况和各项调节措施的特点，灵活机动地决定和选择当前究竟应采取哪一种或哪几种政策措施。
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：在区间调控基础上加强定向调控、相机调控、精准调控。On the basis of range-based regulation, we will enhance targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation.
2019年报告：在区间调控基础上加强定向、相机调控，主动预调、微调。As we conducted regulation to keep main economic indicators within an appropriate range, we also improved targeted and well-timed regulation, and carried out anticipatory adjustments and fine-tuning.
既果断加大力度，又不搞“大水漫灌”、透支未来，
We took decisive measures to step up macro policy support while refraining from adopting a deluge of strong stimulus policies that would eat into our potential for future growth.
注：
“大水漫灌”、透支未来
adopting a deluge of strong stimulus policies that would eat into our potential for future growth
📍a deluge of sth 表示“大量的…”，英文解释为“a lot of something”举个🌰：The newspaper received a deluge of complaints/letters/phone calls about the article. 报社收到了关于这篇文章的大量投诉/信件/电话。
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：立足国情实际，既及时果断又保持定力，坚持不搞“大水漫灌”， Based on China's realities, we refrained from adopting a deluge of strong stimulus policies but took swift, decisive and well-considered steps,
2019年报告：面对新情况新变化，我们坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激， Facing new circumstances and developments, we were firm in choosing not to adopt a deluge of strong stimulus policies,
持续做好“六稳”、“六保”工作，强化保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体、保粮食能源安全、保产业链供应链稳定、保基层运转，推动经济爬坡过坎、持续前行。
We worked relentlessly to ensure stability on six fronts and security in six areas, with a particular emphasis on the latter, in order to steer the economy through various trials and difficulties and sustain growth.
注：
持续做好
work relentlessly to
“六稳”、“六保”
ensure stability on six fronts and security in six areas,
推动经济爬坡过坎
steer the economy through various trials and difficulties
📍“六稳”分别是：稳就业、稳金融、稳外贸、稳外资、稳投资、稳预期 The six fronts refer to employment, the financial sector, foreign trade, foreign investment, domestic investment, and expectations.
📍“六保”分别是：保居民就业、保基本民生、保市场主体、保粮食能源安全、保产业链供应链稳定、保基层运转。The six areas refer to job security, basic living needs, operations of market entities, food and energy security, stable industrial and supply chains, and the normal functioning of primary-level governments.
「类似表述对比」
2022年报告：扎实做好“六稳”、“六保”工作， took solid steps to ensure stability on six key fronts and security in six key areas,
2022年报告：综合研判国内外形势，今年我国发展面临的风险挑战明显增多，必须爬坡过坎。A comprehensive analysis of evolving dynamics at home and abroad indicates that this year our country will encounter many more risks and challenges, and we must keep pushing to overcome them.
坚持实施积极的财政政策。
We pursued a proactive fiscal policy.
注：
积极的财政政策
a proactive fiscal policy
📍proactive表示“主动的，积极的”，英文解释为“taking action by causing change and not only reacting to change when it happens”举个🌰：Companies are going to have to be more proactive about environmental management. 公司将对环境管理采取更为积极主动的态度。
📍一般“积极的财政政策”都会用这个词proactive.
「类似表述对比」
2020年报告：积极的财政政策要更加积极有为。We will pursue a more proactive and impactful fiscal policy.
2019年报告：坚持实施积极的财政政策，We continued to pursue a proactive fiscal policy,
2018年报告：坚持实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。We have continued to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.
2017年报告：今年要继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，This year, we will continue to pursue a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy.
合理把握赤字规模，
The deficit was kept at a reasonable level.
注：
合理
at a reasonable level
📍deficit 表示“赤字；逆差；亏损”，英文解释为“the total amount by which money spent is more than money received”举个🌰：The country is running a balance-of-payments/budget/trade deficit of $250 million. 该国的收支差额/预算赤字/贸易逆差已达2.5亿美元。
五年总体赤字率控制在3%以内，政府负债率控制在50%左右。
Over these five years, the deficit-to-GDP ratio and the government debt ratio were respectively kept within 3 percent and around 50 percent.
注：
赤字率
the deficit-to-GDP ratio
政府负债率
the government debt ratio
📍赤字率表示的是一定时期内财政赤字额与同期国民生产总值之间的比例关系。财政赤字是指财政支出超过财政收入的部分。
「类似表述对比」
2022年报告：财政赤字率和宏观杠杆率下降，the deficit-to-GDP ratio and macro leverage ratio decreased,
2021年报告：今年赤字率拟按3.2%左右安排、比去年有所下调， we have set the deficit-to-GDP ratio for the year at around 3.2 percent, slightly lower than that of last year.
2020年报告：今年赤字率拟按3.6%以上安排，财政赤字规模比去年增加1万亿元，The deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at more than 3.6 percent, with a deficit increase of one trillion yuan over last year.
2019年报告：今年赤字率拟按2.8%安排，比去年预算高0.2个百分点；Deficit-to-GDP ratio this year is projected at 2.8 percent, a 0.2-percentage-point increase over that of last year.
2018年报告：今年赤字率拟按2.6%安排，比去年预算低0.4个百分点 This year's deficit as a percentage of GDP is projected to be 2.6 percent, 0.4 percentage point lower than last year.
不断优化支出结构，教育科技、生态环保、基本民生等重点领域得到有力保障。
We continued to improve the structure of government spending and ensured sufficient funding for key areas such as education, science and technology, environmental protection, and efforts to meet people’s basic living needs.
注：
优化支出结构
improve the structure of (government) spending
生态环保
environmental protection
基本民生
(meet) people’s basic living needs
实施大规模减税降费政策，制度性安排与阶段性措施相结合，
We implemented a policy of large-scale tax and fee cuts with both institutional arrangements and time-limited measures.
注：
大规模减税降费政策
a policy of large-scale tax and fee cuts
制度性安排
institutional arrangements
阶段性措施
time-limited measures
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告Part 1：实施阶段性大规模减税降费，与制度性安排相结合，By making both time-limited large-scale tax and fee cuts and institutional arrangements,
2020年报告：强化阶段性政策，与制度性安排相结合，放水养鱼，助力市场主体纾困发展。We will aggressively implement current policies in conjunction with institutional arrangements to create a more enabling environment and help market entities overcome difficulties and achieve development.
疫情发生后减税降费力度进一步加大，成为应对冲击的关键举措。
Tax and fee reductions were intensified following the outbreak of Covid-19, and they became a pivotal part of our response to the epidemic.
注：
减税降费
tax and fee reductions
成为...的关键举措
become a pivotal part of ...
📍pivotal /ˈpɪvətəl/表示“关键的；核心的”，英文解释为“A pivotal role, point, or figure in something is one that is very important and affects the success of that thing.”如：a pivotal role in European affairs 在欧洲事务中的关键作用。
「类似表述对比」
二十大报告：全面建设社会主义现代化国家、全面推进中华民族伟大复兴，关键在党。Our Party has a pivotal role in building China into a modern socialist country in all respects and in advancing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation on all fronts.
彻底完成营改增任务、取消营业税，
We completed the task of replacing business tax with value-added tax and abolished the former.
注：
营改增
replacing business tax with value-added tax
📍营业税改增值税，简称营改增，是指以前缴纳营业税的应税项目改成缴纳增值税。
📍abolish /əˈbɒl.ɪʃ/ 表示“废除，废止”，英文解释为“to end an activity or custom officially”举个🌰：I think bullfighting should be abolished. 我认为斗牛应该废止。
「类似表述对比」
2021年报告：取消对二手车交易不合理限制，and abolish excessive restrictions on sales of second-hand vehicles.
将增值税收入占比最高、涉及行业广泛的税率从17%降至13%，
The rate of VAT was lowered from 17 percent to 13 percent in many sectors where VAT accounts for the largest share of tax receipts.
阶段性将小规模纳税人增值税起征点从月销售额3万元提高到15万元、小微企业所得税实际最低税负率从10%降至2.5%。
The VAT threshold was raised from 30,000 yuan to 150,000 yuan of monthly sales for small-scale taxpayers in a phased way, and the minimum corporate income tax rate was cut from 10 percent to 2.5 percent in real terms for micro and small businesses.
注：
增值税起征点
the VAT threshold
小规模纳税人
small-scale taxpayers
阶段性
in a phased way
小微企业
micro and small businesses
企业所得税最低税负率
the minimum corporate income tax rate
减税降费公平普惠、高效直达，
Tax and fee cuts are equitable, inclusive, effective, and directly accessible for those in need.
注：
公平普惠
equitable, inclusive
高效直达
effective, and directly accessible for those in need
五年累计减税5.4万亿元、降费2.8万亿元，
Over the past five years, tax cuts and fee reductions respectively totaled 5.4 trillion yuan and 2.8 trillion yuan.
注：
减税
tax cuts
降费
fee reductions
既帮助企业渡过难关、留得青山，也放水养鱼、涵养税源，
This policy not only helped enterprises overcome difficulties and stay afloat, but also nurtured business growth and cultivated sources of tax revenue.
注：
渡过难关、留得青山
overcome difficulties and stay afloat
放水养鱼、涵养税源
nurture business growth and cultivate sources of tax revenue
📍afloat 通常用法 be kept afloat / stay afloat 表示“有偿债能力；能维持下去”（If a person, business, or country stays afloat or is kept afloat, they have just enough money to pay their debts and continue operating.)
「类似表述对比」
2022年报告：各项帮扶政策都要予以倾斜，支持这些行业企业挺得住、过难关、有奔头。 Support policies will be weighted more heavily toward enterprises in these sectors to help them stay afloat and get through challenging times with bright prospects.
2021年报告：保市场主体也是为稳就业保民生。Our efforts to keep market entities afloat are aimed at maintaining stable employment and meeting basic living needs.
2020年报告：要坚决把减税降费政策落到企业，留得青山，赢得未来。 All tax and fee reduction policies must be fully implemented for our businesses, so that they can sustain themselves and assure success for the future.
2020年报告：强化阶段性政策，与制度性安排相结合，放水养鱼，助力市场主体纾困发展。 We will aggressively implement current policies in conjunction with institutional arrangements to create a more enabling environment and help market entities overcome difficulties and achieve development.
2019年报告：这次减税，着眼“放水养鱼”、增强发展后劲并考虑财政可持续， Our moves to cut tax on this occasion aim at an accommodative effect to strengthen the basis for sustained growth while also considering the need to ensure fiscal sustainability;
2018年报告：着眼“放水养鱼”、增强后劲，我国率先大幅减税降费。China has led the way in slashing taxes and fees with the aim of using accommodative measures to strengthen the basis for sustained growth.
年均新增涉税企业和个体工商户等超过1100万户，各年度中央财政收入预算都顺利完成，
On average, over 11 million market entities including enterprises and self-employed individuals were newly registered with the tax authorities each year, and the central government met all of its annual targets for budgetary revenue.
注：
个体工商户
self-employed individuals
收入预算
budgetary revenue
考虑留抵退税因素，全国财政收入十年接近翻一番。
With VAT credit refunds taken into account, national fiscal revenue almost doubled over the past decade.
注：
留抵退税
VAT credit refunds
全国财政收入
national fiscal revenue
推动财力下沉，中央一般公共预算支出中对地方转移支付占比提高到70%左右，
We channeled more financial resources toward lower levels of government, with the share of transfer payments to local governments rising to about 70 percent of central government expenditures.
注：
财力
financial resources
对地方转移支付占比
the share of transfer payments to local governments
建立并常态化实施中央财政资金直达机制。
We introduced direct allocation of central budgetary funds to prefecture- and county-level governments and made it a regular practice.
注：
中央财政资金直达机制
direct allocation of central budgetary funds to prefecture- and county-level governments
常态化实施
make it a regular practice
📍资金直达机制指财政资金直达基层民生的特殊转移支付机制。
「类似表述对比」
2022年报告：建立常态化财政资金直达机制，将2.8万亿元中央财政资金纳入直达范围。 We established a regular mechanism to directly allocate budgetary funds to prefecture- and county-level governments and placed 2.8 trillion yuan of central government funding under this mechanism.
各级政府坚持过紧日子，严控一般性支出，中央部门带头压减支出，
At every level, governments kept their belts tightened by strictly controlling general expenditures, and central government departments led the way in cutting back spending.
注：
过紧日子
keep one's belts tightened
严控一般性支出
strictly controlling general expenditures
带头
lead the way in ...
压减支出
cutting back spending
「类似表述对比」
2022年报告：要坚持政府过紧日子，更好节用裕民。 Government will keep its belt tightened and keep spending low to benefit the people.
2021年报告：坚持过紧日子， We should continue to tighten our belts,
2020年报告：各级政府必须真正过紧日子，Governments at all levels must truly tighten their belt.
2019年报告：各级政府要过紧日子，想方设法筹集资金。governments at all levels must tighten their belts and find workable means of raising funds.
2018年报告：各级政府仍要坚持过紧日子，执守简朴、力戒浮华，government at all levels must keep its belt tightened, keep things as simple as possible, abstain from all excess,
2017年报告：各级政府要坚持过紧日子，Governments at all levels should tighten their belts,
盘活存量资金和闲置资产，腾出的资金千方百计惠企裕民，
We also put idle funds and assets to good use and tapped every means possible to see that these funds were used to benefit businesses and people.
注：
盘活
put ... to good use
存量资金和闲置资产
idle funds and assets
惠企裕民
benefit businesses and people
千方百计
tap every means possible to
全国财政支出70%以上用于民生。
Over 70 percent of government expenditures went toward ensuring the people’s wellbeing.
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